A solid foundation for the bumper grain harvest throughout the year-agricultural modernization, stable production and improved quality
The person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs stated that we have the ability to stabilize the “ballast stone” of food security and win the initiative to respond to various risk challenges. Behind the hope of a bumper summer grain harvest is the modernization of agriculture that "worked with a golden pole". This "golden pole" is the driving force for the application and promotion of agricultural machinery, the hard support for the scientific and technological progress of the seed industry, and the soft power for the innovation of the operating system.
At present, the country's summer grain harvest is laid a solid foundation for the annual grain harvest. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that this year China will ensure that the grain area is stable at more than 1.4 billion mu, the ration area is stable at more than 800 million mu, and the grain output is stable at more than 1.3 trillion catties. We have the ability to stabilize food security. "Stone" to win the initiative to deal with various risk challenges.
Behind the hope of a bumper summer grain harvest is the modernization of agriculture that "worked with a golden pole". This "golden pole" is the driving force for the application and promotion of agricultural machinery, the hard support for the scientific and technological progress of the seed industry, and the soft power for the innovation of the operating system. Once upon a time, the "three summer" wheat harvest, from making a field, cutting wheat, stalls to milling, raising the field, entering the warehouse, made people feel sore and sore. Nowadays, a series of agricultural changes have not only changed the traditional agriculture's "facing the loess and the sky", but also stabilized and improved the grain production capacity and quality.
New agricultural machinery develops smart agriculture
An unmanned wheat harvester from Taipei Dou Nai went hand in hand in the golden wheat waves, and the grain returned to the warehouse after the agricultural machinery. This is one of the ten leading technologies of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs-the field demonstration of smart wheat cultivation technology. According to reports, the technology includes wheat unmanned sowing and harvesting technology supported by Beidou Navigation, wheat precise fertilization and spraying technology supported by drone, and wheat smart irrigation technology supported by Internet of Things.
Zhang Ye, deputy director of the Department of Science, Technology and Education of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that with the development of China’s agriculture, it is urgent to select and demonstrate a number of major technologies that will lead to the transformation and upgrading of agricultural quality and efficiency, not only to ensure that enough food is currently produced, but also to Create a "power source" for the continued supply of food in the future.
At present, wheat is the most mechanized variety of all food crops, and wheat production in the main production areas has basically achieved mechanization of the entire cultivation and harvesting process. Xiao Shihe, chief scientist of the national wheat industry technology system, said that my country’s wheat production technology is at an internationally advanced level, and the average yield growth rate in the past 20 years is leading in the world, thanks to the accelerated integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy.
In recent years, various regions have accelerated the promotion of new models of agricultural mechanization. Agricultural machinery personnel enter the village and field, vigorously promote advanced mechanized technologies such as low-loss harvesting, straw returning to the field, no-till seeding, high-efficiency application of pesticides, and deep side fertilization. New slow-release fertilizers, special compound fertilizers and one-time fertilization technology have reduced the burden of topdressing operations in wheat fields, and motorized sprayers and plant protection drones are commonly used for disease prevention and pest control. Today, with the 93 teams of the national wheat industry technology system as the core, from the sowing technology, water and fertilizer management to harvesting, storage, and processing, wheat production capacity and quality have been comprehensively improved, creating a smart agricultural network for the summer harvest.
New mechanism focuses on social services
At present, the forms of land trusteeship and land circulation are accelerating, and the modest scale operation of grain is gradually entering a favorable situation. The new agricultural main body has increasingly become a force for summer grain production. Let them pick up the "golden pole", inseparable from the innovation of business methods.
Gaocheng District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province is the country's largest county-level strong gluten wheat production and processing base. Relying on the Agricultural Research Institute, the local organization of new agricultural management bodies has formed a whole industrial chain integrating R&D of strong gluten wheat varieties, breeding of improved varieties, standard planting, and trade and processing. Various mechanisms have been explored and established between grain growers and grain-using enterprises, such as "shared grain bank + stored grain storage value", "group signing + order planting" and other mechanisms.
"We selected 10 large grain-growing households in each town to form a team and instructed each large household to use the base as a technology post to radiate the surrounding 2000 acres of farmers and implement full-process technical services." Zhang Qingjiang, director of Gaocheng District Agricultural Science Institute It is said that large households become raw grain purchasers, purchase raw grain at high quality and good price, and at the same time, directly connect with large flour enterprises to increase farmers' income.
From the initial 300 acres to 500 acres, and then to 800 acres, until today's 1147 acres, Zhou Jiankun, a major grain grower in Gaoqing County, Shandong Province, turned "planing food in the soil" into "planing gold in the ground." He admitted frankly, “It was difficult to imagine a person growing so much wheat more than a decade ago. Now that there is a social service organization, there is no need to purchase and maintain agricultural machinery, and only need to pay the operating fee. Although the net profit per mu of wheat Not high, but with an area of thousands of acres, the benefits are still attractive."
"This year, the county's wheat planting area is 628,000 mu, many of which have the participation of social service organizations. Due to the good planting foundation and the management measures in place, the quality and output have steadily increased." Wang Shaoshan, director of Gaoqing County Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center It is said that the county is accelerating the implementation of the 500,000-mu quality raw grain base county project, providing farmers with a full-range, integrated production and marketing agricultural social service, and promoting large-scale and intensive planting of land.
Zhang Zhaoxin, a researcher at the Rural Economic Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that various agricultural social service organizations have emerged in large numbers, accelerating the process of high-quality food production, and in the future, we must promote innovation in service methods and mechanisms.
New technology targets water-saving varieties
Agriculture needs to save water, and summer grain production is no exception. In North China, the pressure to grow wheat is high, and the lack of water resources has become the main limiting factor for wheat production.
Water-saving wheat research is a long-term project of the Institute of Dry Farming and Agriculture of the Hebei Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The research team of the institute has carried out collaborative innovation of varieties and technologies in accordance with the actual situation of water shortage in Hebei Province. "Many wheat varieties in the past were not drought-tolerant, and they had to be watered three or four times during the entire growth period." said Qiao Wenchen, team leader and head of the National Wheat Industry Technology System Hengshui Comprehensive Test Station, "In recent years, we have bred 27 The drought-resistant and water-saving series of wheat varieties have accumulated an area of more than 200 million mu."
Qian Qian, director of the Institute of Crop Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that breeding drought-tolerant and water-saving varieties can effectively improve the production level of wheat in low-yield fields and is an important way to ensure food security. After years of drought and artificially simulated high-temperature environment experiments in the field, scientists from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences screened more than 110 wheat germplasm resources with outstanding resistance to drought and heat, providing support for wheat drought resistance breeding.
"The national wheat industry technology system promotes several series of varieties this year with drought-tolerant, water-saving, high-yield and stable yields, and has become the leading wheat variety in water-scarce areas in North China." Xiao Shihe said. It is estimated that the comprehensive promotion and application of water-saving varieties and water-saving cultivation techniques in my country this year will save about 30% of irrigation water compared with traditional wheat production, and reduce the average irrigation water by 38 cubic meters per mu.
Economic Daily · China Economic Net reporter Qiao Jinliang