Agricultural productive services solve the problem of farming (expert connection)

　　——Interview with Zhang Hongyu, Deputy Dean of China Rural Research Institute of Tsinghua University

　　The prevention and control of epidemic situation is not mistaken for spring cultivation. According to news from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, as of May 5th, the early rice planting nationwide has been completed, the middle rice planting is 12%, and the spring corn planting is 63.8%. The national spring planting progress is faster than in previous years. This result was hard-won. More than 60,000 agricultural machinery service organizations nationwide, 20 million sets of agricultural machinery are invested in spring farming, many farmers place orders on mobile phones, "one-stop trusteeship" planting land, "Internet + spring farming" has become a trend.

　　"The rapid promotion of this new service model is not only the need for epidemic prevention and control, but also the inevitable transformation and upgrading of agriculture." Zhang Hongyu believes that with the accelerated transfer of rural labor, agricultural modernization faces two basic problems. One is "Who will farm" , One is "how to plant a good land". The solution of the former depends on the development of various new types of business entities, while the latter requires the cultivation of agricultural social service entities and the development of agricultural productive service industries.

Solve things that small farmers can't do or can't do

　　What are agricultural productive services?

　　Zhang Hongyu said, in layman's terms, it is an industry that runs through the agricultural production chain, provides services for agricultural production and operation, and allows farmers to save money, worry, and effort. "The key is to focus on solving things that small farmers can't do, can't do well, or can't do it economically, and it's cumbersome to do."

　　From a worldwide perspective, the development of agricultural producer services is the basic law of modern agricultural development. The scale of agricultural management refers not only to the scale of land, but also to the scale of services. At present, there are 370,000 service organizations that provide agricultural production trusteeship services across the country. A variety of service methods such as full-scale trusteeship, sub-cultivation, inter-cultivation, and co-cultivation have emerged. Has played an increasingly important role.

　　At present, there are more than 500,000 agricultural scientists and technicians, nearly 1 billion kilowatts of agricultural power machinery, more than 3 million farmer cooperatives, family farms and other new business entities. Zhang Hongyu said, "The basic conditions for accelerating the advancement of agricultural producer services are already in place."

　　"Although the market scale of China's agricultural productive service industry has exceeded 200 billion yuan, on the whole, China's agricultural productive service industry is still in its infancy, and it has not shown its due scale and posture." Zhang Hongyu analysis, current Agricultural productive services are mainly concentrated in the cultivation and harvesting of bulk crops, and there is insufficient supply of diversified services needed by small farmers, small products, and special industries. The knowledge level and technical ability of employees cannot meet the requirements of industrial development.

　　"In the long run, the agricultural productive service industry should run through the entire chain of pre-production, mid-production, and post-production, which will not only help to promote moderate-scale operations, but also help achieve quality and green agriculture." Zhang Hongyu said, "specifically include: Provide producers with intermediate services such as farming and harvesting; provide scientific and technological promotion to adapt to the new business model; provide marketing and brand building to promote product exchange or value realization; provide information, logistics and finance to ensure the efficient operation of the modern agricultural industry system , Insurance and other services. "

Meet the diverse needs of agriculture, rural areas and farmers

　　"To solve the problems in the agricultural production and management of thousands of households, we must take the producer service industry as a strategic industry." Zhang Hongyu said that we must build an agricultural producer service system with "multiple subjects, complete functions, integrated standards, and shared symbiosis". , Open up the key link of the "last mile" problem, and continuously expand the service content extension.

　　He said that the fields and service functions covered by agricultural productive services should meet the diversified development needs of agriculture, rural areas and farmers to the maximum extent, covering production, life and ecology. Among them, there are huge space for public welfare services provided by government departments, custody and semi-custodial services provided by cooperatives, and customized services provided by leading agricultural enterprises.

　　Promoting the development of agricultural productive service industry is inseparable from policy support. Zhang Hongyu suggested that on the one hand, the concept of "heavy production, light service" should be overcome. On the other hand, we must strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure, promote the development of large-scale land management, and increase the cultivation of professionals in the service industry. In terms of land use policy, accelerate the implementation of service subjects to build storage, drying, agricultural machinery sheds, production auxiliary and supporting facilities. In terms of financial policies, it actively supports the development of mortgages for factory buildings, production sheds, large-scale agricultural machinery, etc., and agricultural insurance mortgage financing. In terms of fiscal and taxation policies, local governments are encouraged to implement preferential policies for various service entities through government purchases of services, replacement of awards, first service and then subsidies.

　　The basic national conditions of more people and less land determine that for a long time to come, our agricultural production will mainly depend on ordinary farmers. Zhang Hongyu emphasized, "Accelerating the development of agricultural productive services cannot be separated from the basic national conditions of small farmers in our country, or from the requirements of the stage of agricultural transformation and upgrading. Adhering to the status of the main family management, through a full range of social services, one family can also move towards agriculture modernization."

　　Zhu Jun