The more severe and complex the development environment, the more determined and deepened the reform
Concentrate on promoting six reform measures (new economic orientation)
The thirteenth meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensive Deepening Reform held on the 27th emphasized that we must focus our efforts on reform measures that help promote the resumption of production and employment, residents' employment, investment and consumption, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, basic people's livelihood, and poverty reduction.
Why work hard from these 6 aspects? How to advance? The reporter interviewed some experts, heads of enterprises and grassroots departments.
Everyone said that the more severe and complicated the development environment, the more determined and deepened the reform. At present, our country's epidemic prevention and control situation is further consolidated. The reform measures in these areas are directly related to the "six stability" work and the "six security" tasks. They are proposed to solve practical problems based on changes in the times and the situation. Heavy task. We must adhere to the bottom line of thinking and make preparations for ideological and work preparations for a longer period of time to respond to changes in the external environment, so that the reforms are more realistic, in line with new requirements for economic and social development, and in line with the new expectations of the people.
--editor
Promote resumption of production
Three types of policy measures open up the situation for economic recovery
"The model forest area has been completed, and the irrigation system installation is planned to be completed in late May." In early April, the Xinbo Forest Project, with a total planned area of 670 mu in the northern part of Xiong'an New District, started construction. Zhou Hongliang introduced. In the next step, various types of vegetation will be planted in different areas, and ecologically mixed forest areas, colorful spring flower forest areas, and other rich garden landscapes will be built to help the construction of "green and safe".
The smooth start of the project is inseparable from a series of reform measures to support the resumption of production. For example, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the General Office of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued a notice to clarify that the wage guarantee for migrant workers to be paid after the enterprises resume work can be postponed until the end of June. For construction enterprises that have not been in arrears of wages within a certain period of time, all localities have implemented reduction and exemption measures in accordance with law and regulations. "This has effectively reduced the financial pressure of the enterprise. At present, our 1,107 domestic projects under construction have been safely and orderly resumed." Zhou Hongliang said.
Since February, various reform measures to support the resumption of production and production have been frequently put into force, and Liu Xingguo, a researcher of the China Enterprise Confederation, believes that it can be mainly classified into three categories. One is to continue to deepen the measures of tax and fee reduction. For example, since the outbreak, the national level has issued 5 batches of 23 tax preferential policies to reduce the burden of corporate social security fees and help small, medium and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households to overcome difficulties. The second is to deepen the reform of "deregulation and service". For example, by accelerating the promotion of "Internet + government services", improving government service processes, and doing a good job in stabilizing foreign trade. The third is to continue to promote the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, unblock the circulation of industry, market, economy and society, and provide more opportunities for private enterprises to resume work and resume stable production and provide more opportunities.
Liu Xingguo believes that the meeting emphasized that it is necessary and urgent to concentrate on promoting reform measures that will help resume work and resume production. Affected by the epidemic, the pressure for companies to resume production in the first quarter was greater, and revenue and profits declined to varying degrees. "Only by concentrating on the implementation of the reform measures issued by the central government, especially those policies that benefit enterprises, and allow enterprises to earn policy dividends effectively, can the pressure of resuming production and production be effectively relieved, and a good situation of economic recovery can be opened."
(Reporter Zhao Zhanhui)
Promote residents' employment
Provide a buffer period for the reform of social insurance premium rates and the expansion of unemployment insurance benefits
"I heard that the village is recruiting workers, and I havetened to come! I can earn 120 yuan a day." On April 23, Tan Xiangfu, a poor household in Zhongdui Village, Sanyi Township, Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County, Chongqing, just reported that he was working on relief projects Get busy on the job site.
This year is the year of a decisive battle against poverty and it is very important to solve the employment problem of the poor. The central government proposes to expand the field and implementation scope of investment-for-work relief. The labor service remuneration ratio will be increased from 10% to 15% to increase local employment opportunities for poor labor. As of April 20th, 5.6 billion yuan has been issued in batches for work-relief funds, and it is expected that 300,000 poor laborers will be absorbed at the doorstep to increase employment income.
"A series of reform measures to stabilize jobs and secure jobs, with high gold content and appropriate timing," said Li Changan, a professor at the University of International Business and Economics.
According to data from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, as of the end of March, all provinces have promulgated social security fee reduction and exemption measures that are in line with the actual conditions of the province, all of which are implemented in accordance with the top policy. From February to March, a total of 232.9 billion yuan was exempted for eligible enterprises. "In addition, due to the impact of the last year's reform policy to reduce the social insurance premium rate, in the first three months of this year, enterprises across the country reduced three social insurance premiums by 129.6 billion yuan." Nie Mingjun, director of the Pension Insurance Department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said that the two policies overlap Provides a buffer period for enterprises.
At the same time, the central government has increased the strength of unemployment insurance assistance to stabilize enterprises, further lowered the policy threshold, expanded the benefits of small and medium-sized enterprises, and raised the standard of reimbursement. As of April 19, 3.02 million enterprises have received unemployment insurance and have returned 38.8 billion yuan in stable jobs, benefiting 80.76 million employees, and the number of beneficiary enterprises has exceeded that of last year.
Li Changan said that he has played an important role in the employment reform measures aimed at college graduates, migrant workers and other key groups. As of April 16, nearly 5.9 million migrant workers have been delivered point-to-point nationwide, actively solving the problem of personnel movement under the premise of normalization of epidemic prevention and control. To help college graduates graduate smoothly and get employed as soon as possible, expand the scale of recruitment of state-owned enterprises and institutions, expand the scale of recruitment of grassroots projects, expand the scale of recruitment into the military, and expand the scale of employment trainees.
(Reporter Li Xinping)
Promote investment and consumption
Resolutely implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand and enhance endogenous growth momentum
"Focus on promoting reforms that help promote investment and consumption, better handle the relationship between investment and consumption, and better guide the investment direction according to the needs of the consumer market upgrade, and realize the dual upgrade of industry and consumption." CCPIT Research Institute of International Trade Department Director Zhao Ping said.
"At present, the spread of overseas epidemics has led to weak external demand, and the effect of exports on China's economic growth has weakened recently." In this regard, Tang Jianwei, chief researcher of the Bank of China's Financial Research Center, said that he firmly implemented the strategy of expanding domestic demand and enhanced endogenous growth momentum, especially important.
Liu Zhe, a researcher at the China Center for Financial Research at Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, believes that domestic reforms should be combined in investment and consumption. In the next step, the key lies in achieving "three synchronizations" and opening up a virtuous cycle of supply and demand: promoting the simultaneous recovery of consumption and supply, the simultaneous recovery of upstream and downstream industry chains, and the simultaneous recovery of large enterprises and small, medium and micro enterprises.
How exactly? Liu Zhe said that we should pay attention to the multiplier leading role of "new infrastructure" and "new consumption", and increase investment in the fields of technology, information fusion, and basic research. Improve the market-based allocation of factors, for example, further deepen the reform of the household registration system and promote the flow of population factors.
In terms of investment promotion, Tang Jianwei suggested reforming the investment and financing management model, implementing pre-admission national treatment plus negative list management; further relaxing investment access restrictions and diversifying investment entities; establishing and improving multi-level, wide coverage, differentiated and high efficiency 1. A financial institution system with a reasonable division of labor among large, medium, and small businesses to enhance the ability of finance to support investment and financing in the real economy.
Jing Linbo, president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Evaluation, believes that multiple measures should be taken to boost consumer confidence and stabilize consumption expectations, to promote new types of consumption, tap the consumption potential of pension products and services, and improve the supply of high-quality products and services by reforming the income distribution system. To establish institutional mechanisms that can consume, willing to consume, and dare to consume.
(Reporter Qi Zhiming)
Promote the development of small, medium and micro enterprises
New digital technology empowers online operations
The order has been filled, and the production capacity cannot keep up. Seeing that the product delivery will be overdue. At the juncture of the head of Ningbo Haobo Metal Surface Treatment Co., Ltd., Yang was in trouble, the local science and technology bureau took the initiative to connect, and the expert group of Ningbo Optical and Electrical Center optimized and transformed each production line of the workshop. "Not only saved 500,000 yuan of enterprise investment, but also met the needs of enterprises to expand production capacity." Ma Ji, director of Ningbo Achievement Transformation Center, said that as of April 2, hundreds of science and technology innovation platforms have been launched for nearly 3,000 companies. SMEs provide R & D, design, testing and other scientific and technological services to help increase production.
"Small and medium-sized micro-enterprises have a large volume and are closely related to economic and social fundamentals. Small and medium-sized micro-enterprises are stable, and economic and social stability." Miao Rong, chief researcher of the China Enterprise Confederation, said that the healthy and orderly development of small and medium-sized micro-enterprises is "six guarantees" Protecting the employment and basic livelihood of the residents plays a vital role in the task.
Due to the relatively weak anti-risk ability of small and medium-sized enterprises, the central government has issued a series of stronger macro-policy policies to hedge the epidemic situation and provide blood transfusions for small and medium-sized enterprises. In Miao Rong's view, the current targeted reform measures are mainly concentrated in the three aspects of fiscal and taxation finance, stabilizing the supply chain of the industrial chain and enabling digital new technology.
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has recently launched a special plan to promote the online operation of small, medium and micro enterprises: on the one hand, it encourages large enterprises to open their online platforms and promote the coordinated development of small and medium enterprises; on the other hand, it supports its digital transformation, enhances its online operation capabilities, and cultivates new business model. "The establishment of the SME policy database and policy implementation supervision platform has played a positive role in improving the level of policy acquisition and implementation, and has been widely recognized by enterprises." Miao Rong said.
Inclusive policies also depend on implementation. Miao Rong said that many of the recent measures are short-term and emergency, and it is necessary to carry out an assessment after a period of implementation. For those with obvious effects, we should consider the transition to normalization and promote the sustainable development of small, medium and micro enterprises. In addition, there must be a package of considerations and arrangements to deploy the innovation chain around the industry chain and layout the industry chain around the innovation chain, increase the coordination of the leading departments in the formulation of fiscal, taxation, finance and industrial policies, and use their fingers to fist to better release policy effectiveness.
(Reporter Han Xin)
Promote basic livelihood
Pay close attention to the basic life of people in difficulty, early warning and early intervention
The epidemic situation directly affects the income of residents, and the price increase factor is superimposed, and it is very important for low-income groups, especially those in difficulty, to increase their security. From March to June this year, the monthly price subsidy standard was doubled. On the basis of the existing guarantee objects of the price subsidy linkage mechanism, orphans, unattended children, and people receiving unemployment benefits are also included in the scope of protection, which will benefit more than 8 million people.
Liaoning Dalian closely monitors the urban and rural residents who are unable to go out to work or find employment due to the epidemic situation and whose income has fallen, resulting in basic difficulties in living. "Simplify the process of reviewing and approving the Dibao, flexibly carry out household surveys, and approve and release that month." The relevant person in charge of the Dalian Civil Affairs Bureau said that in the first quarter, a total of 85.44 million Dibao was issued, and nearly 60,000 Dibao objects were basically Life is effectively guaranteed.
Introduced the “single-person insurance” policy of minimum living security, the policy of diminishing minimum living security, subsidies for the living of disabled people with severe disabilities and nursing subsidies for severely disabled people ... In recent years, the reform of basic livelihood security has been continuously strengthened. Lin Mingang, director of the Social Security Research Center of Nanjing University, believes that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the social assistance system with the main content of minimum living security, aid and support for destitute people, disaster relief and medical assistance has been further improved, and the bottom line and emergency response have been effectively played. Difficult and protect the people's livelihood.
"In the short term, it is necessary to establish an active discovery mechanism for minimum living security and social assistance to achieve early warning and early intervention." Lin Mingang said that if he pays close attention to the basic living conditions of low-income people, collects relevant information to establish a database, and conducts targeted investigation and verification. At the same time, it is necessary to innovate rescue methods, actively develop social rescue services, and explore "one household, one policy" rescue programs and empowerment programs.
In the long run, it is necessary to explore the establishment of a long-term mechanism for solving relative poverty, so as to help the weak. For example, adopt the “income + multi-dimensional” identification criteria for aid recipients, expand the scope of aid; explore measures to solve relative poverty, establish a system for reducing the living burden of low-income families, etc .; at the same time, connect the rural revitalization strategy to promote relative poverty governance and rural revitalization. Organic integration and mutual promotion of planning, layout and industrial development.
(Reporter Li Changyu)
Promote poverty alleviation
Fighting the epidemic and fighting poverty, promoting the development of poor areas and increasing income of poor farmers
"Efforts to overcome the adverse impact of the new coronary pneumonia epidemic and ensure the completion of the decisive battle to overcome poverty are the key tasks at this stage." Zhang Qi, member of the Expert Advisory Committee of the Leading Group for Poverty Alleviation and Development of the State Council and President of the China Institute for Poverty Alleviation, Beijing Normal University, said .
According to incomplete statistics, the Poverty Alleviation Office of the State Council and other departments have jointly issued more than 10 documents, starting from the fields of health poverty alleviation, fixed-point poverty alleviation, village-based poverty alleviation, employment poverty alleviation, photovoltaic poverty alleviation, consumer poverty alleviation, micro-credit, etc., to promote poverty-stricken areas. Development and income growth of poor farmers.
"Migrant labor is an important channel for the poor to increase income and an effective way out of poverty." Zhang Qi said that it is necessary to fully guarantee the return of employment of migrant labor in poor areas. Local governments should give full play to their organization and coordination, dynamically grasp the health status and employment status of poor households, actively contact enterprises, provide information on the rehabilitation of poor households as soon as possible, and provide targeted employment assistance in a timely manner.
Tang Lixia, a professor at China Agricultural University, said that e-commerce sales will become an important channel for agricultural products sales. It is recommended to strengthen the training of new agricultural business entities, train new farmers who can engage in online sales, and train cooperatives for the production, operation and brand building of poverty alleviation products.
To get rid of poverty and enter the countdown to the decisive battle, there are already some hard bones to eat, and also to answer "add test questions" for epidemic prevention and control. All localities concentrated on improving the efficiency of poverty alleviation work.
Luoyang, Henan launched a smart poverty alleviation information system to implement policy implementation, problem rectification, and cloud dispatch for monitoring poverty. The system can flexibly configure questionnaires, freely select the survey scope, and automatically generate village-level policy implementation schedules, rosters of various personnel, and monitoring of important indicators.
Suichuan, Jiangxi has recently established a "support in case of difficulties" mechanism. Start emergency rescue and special assistance, and wait for the people in distress to cause poverty and return to poverty before remedying. The object identification must be strictly controlled and the procedures should be simplified. If the basic life is in trouble due to the unexpected situation, it can be determined according to the emergency procedures.
(Reporter Chang Qin)