Solve the problem of lack of funds, multiple measures to reduce costs and reduce burdens to help individual industrial and commercial households resume work and production (Minsheng sight)
Picture ①: On March 21st, the night market in Yizhou District, Hami City, Xinjiang officially opened, and the masters at the stall were making special dishes Xinjiang Xinjiang Chicken. People's vision
Figure ②: On March 19, Changchun City, Jilin Province fully restored normal production and living order. The picture shows that on the 25th, in a farmer's wholesale market in Rongguang Street, Erdao District, vegetable vendors are moving fresh vegetables. Photographed by our reporter Li Jiading
Drawing: Shen Yiling
At present, there are 83.53 million individual industrial and commercial households registered in China, which have driven the employment of more than 200 million people. Affected by the new coronary pneumonia epidemic, the production and operation of individual industrial and commercial households encountered great difficulties. According to a report released by the China Enterprise Reform and Development Research Association on March 28, 67.5% of individual industrial and commercial households were affected by the epidemic. In order to help these individual industrial and commercial households resist the storms and tide over difficulties, the relevant departments have issued a series of policy measures in the areas of finance, taxation, finance, rent reduction and exemption, and social security. How is the policy implemented now? What is the status of resumption of work for individual industrial and commercial households? What are the difficulties? The reporter conducted a survey interview.
North and south, individual industrial and commercial households accelerate their work
The executive meeting of the State Council on February 25 confirmed that from March 1 to the end of May, small-scale taxpayers in Hubei Province will be exempted from VAT, and the collection rate in other regions will be reduced from 3% to 1%; For enterprise employee pension, unemployment and work injury insurance, refer to the small and medium-sized enterprises to enjoy the relief policy; guide financial institutions to increase the issuance of low-interest loans, and support individual industrial and commercial households; practically implement a 5% reduction in industrial and commercial electricity prices in addition to high energy-consuming industries Policies; encourage localities to reduce or exempt property rents for individual industrial and commercial households by reducing or exempting urban land use tax.
In Guangdong, the largest province of individual industrial and commercial households in the country, with the help of these policies, individual industrial and commercial households have been "going overseas" one after another.
"The market management has finalized with our operators, at least exempted the rent in February and March, and is currently signing a contract with one household." Nie Shiyue, a business operator in the Huangsha aquatic market in Guangzhou, said that the epidemic led to business losses, but the "rent reduction" policy helped Each household saved 20,000 yuan, and he was grateful.
A Yan, a salesman at the Panyu Xiangxing Auto Repair Shop, told reporters that the value-added tax for small-scale taxpayers has now dropped to 1%, which is equivalent to an increase in the net profit of the shop. "Although we can only earn 30 yuan for working hours like a tire change, we also take it seriously and actively contact suppliers for delivery. The resumption of work in various industries is accelerating and the policies are good. We have a deep heart and take it slowly." Xiao Li said.
The eels in Leliongzhong Village in Shunde have sold well abroad in recent years. Affected by the epidemic, farmer Chen Wenxiong faced a problem of capital turnover. In a desperate situation, Guangdong Agricultural Bank took the initiative to find door-to-door loans of 10 million yuan from farmers. "Funds can be recycled within 3 years, with borrowing and paying back, interest rate concessions. This life came alive!" He repeatedly sighed.
"According to national policy requirements, the province has introduced 23 specific measures, including the reduction of site rents, tax cuts and fee reductions, and the increase of special credits." Mai Jiaomeng, director of the Guangdong Provincial Market Supervision Administration, said that individual industrial and commercial households in the province are currently resuming work The rate exceeds 90%.
In the cold spring, some small shops in Changchun City, Jilin Province have gradually become warm.
Store disinfection, distribution of protective materials to employees, full registration of "health code", reporting to the community ... After a busy life, on March 20, the restaurant of "Kandong Old Home" in Rongguang Street, Changchun City opened its doors to welcome guests.
"After two months of business, I haven't paid a penny, and the rent, wages, and heating fees are going out. I'm so anxious that I can't eat or sleep." Li Sihang, the owner of the restaurant, said that on March 19, Changchun City requested a full restoration of urban normal In order to produce and live in, it also encourages cadres from government agencies, enterprises and institutions to take the lead in consumption in restaurants.
Xu Linlin, the grid member of Xinglong Community in Rongguang Street, became the first guest of Li Sihang restaurant. She ordered several signature dishes and also brought "red envelopes": a health pass for re-workers in the province. The test fee is fully exempted, and the utility bill can be deferred ... After a meal, Li Sihang heard a slap in the face, "I didn't expect the government to think so thoughtfully!"
However, despite its opening, the daily turnover of "Kanto Old Home" is only more than 2,000 yuan, not even the past fractions. "Others help, you have to break in." Li Sihang has already registered on the takeaway platform, and half of the orders have come online from the past few days.
Xu Linlin told reporters that there are 155 individual industrial and commercial households in the "grid" she is responsible for, and the current resumption rate has reached 90%. In view of the lack of customers during the opening, Rongguang Street organizes the opening information and preferential activities of each store, recommends it to the community resident WeChat group, and conveys the national and local support policies in place as soon as possible, and also tries its best to provide agents for individual businesses Help to implement the policy.
Both policy and government affairs speed up, new recruits actually solve problems
Recently, Zhao Hongxi, who is doing vegetable wholesale business in the Wanli Farmers Market in Changchun, Jilin, has been busy again.
"In February, old customers such as canteens and restaurants did not open the door. I entered 7 cars and lost 6 cars." Lao Zhao said that after hearing about his difficulties, the local community actively sought sales for him. After learning that a 300-person factory in the suburbs had resumed production, he immediately helped him negotiate the order for food. Now, the frequency of his food delivery increased from 5 days a car to 2 days a car. "At the end of the month, the electricity bill was still more than 200 yuan less than usual. It turned out to be a reduction in the province. You see, help us up and down, and stick to your teeth to overcome the difficulties," he said.
Since the outbreak, in addition to the implementation of national assistance policies, various localities have launched many real tricks for individual businesses.
For example, Shanxi Province introduced 15 support measures to strictly investigate and deal with violations of laws and regulations that do not implement preferential pricing policies and increase the burden on individual businesses. Hunan guides banking institutions to increase credit support for individual businesses and based on individual businesses. For household applications, temporary repayment of principal and interest payment arrangements will be granted, and penalty interest will be exempted for an extended period; Anhui Province has introduced 18 measures that clearly stipulate that eligible individual industrial and commercial households can apply for a business guarantee loan of up to 150,000 yuan ... China Leng Peng, a researcher at the Institute of Sociology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the strength of each of these measures may not be obvious, but “pulling in the front and pushing back”, after forming a policy portfolio, the impact on individual industrial and commercial households The help effect comes out.
In order to deliver the policy "red envelope" to individual industrial and commercial households as soon as possible, the speed of government services is increasing.
During the epidemic, Zhang Wen, who is doing an offline catering business in Guangzhou, wanted to open a catering online store. What special procedures, filings, and prevention and control requirements might be required. He was not clear. So he filed a complaint in the "Small and Micro Enterprises and Individual Industrial and Commercial Household Service Column" on the "Guangdong Business Link" APP, and he quickly responded to him with a full set of guidelines in the background. "It's all clear after reading it," Zhang Wen said.
After the outbreak, Guangdong Province took advantage of the integrated platform of "digital government" and launched the "Small and Micro Enterprises and Individual Industrial and Commercial Household Service Columns" on the "Guangdong Business Link" APP and the Guangdong Government Affairs Service Online. The computer and mobile phones were launched simultaneously. The resumption of work can be handled on one network. Since the epidemic, 632 policies of various levels of government to support the development of enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households are clearly listed in the "column", the explanation is clear and clear; individual industrial and commercial households online complaints, the relevant departments to promote the settlement as soon as possible. As of March 25, the platform received 2,535 requests of various types, with a processing rate exceeding 98.70%.
"Small business" is not easy to get through, it needs more support
Despite the support from various parties, it is still difficult for individual industrial and commercial households to restore vitality as a whole. According to Wang Shuying, deputy director of the Market Supervision Department of Jilin Province, the results of a follow-up survey on the resumption of work of individual industrial and commercial households in the province show that the catering industry, residential service industry such as bathing, KTV, fitness center, etc., are greatly affected by the epidemic, but these industries Individual industrial and commercial households have low willingness to resume work. "Everyone is generally worried about the increase in income and costs, and some are concerned about the complicated review and approval procedures." Wang Shuying said that the management department's unannounced visits found that private landlord rent reductions are difficult to implement, and individual industrial and commercial households generally lack collateral that meets the requirements, making loans difficult. It is still widespread.
According to the survey report of the China Enterprise Reform and Development Research Association, affected by the epidemic, 45.7% of individual industrial and commercial households faced the problem of order reduction, 39.7% lacked logistics guarantee, and 34.9% encountered difficulties in contract fulfillment. In addition, they came from rent, liquidity and factor prices. Pressure cannot be ignored.
"89% of the 1.89 million individual industrial and commercial households in Jilin Province are engaged in service industries that are closely related to people's lives. If they do not resume work, not only will they be unsustainable, but they will also affect people's livelihood security." Wang Shuying said.
Chen Jintao, who opened a restaurant in Shenzhen, is also eager to resolve the problems of rent reduction and loans as soon as possible. "The monthly rent of the store is more than 100,000 yuan, and the landlord is unwilling to reduce the rent because they also have to repay the loan for the store; the merchants lack collateral such as fixed assets, there is no cash flow in the short term, and the loan is not working." In order to unlock the “consecutive set” of lack of funds, more financial policies are needed.
Wang Shuying suggested that financial institutions should further refine the specific measures for credit lending to individual industrial and commercial households, and find ways to provide mortgage-free credit loans. Chen Jintao hopes that for those private owners who take the initiative to reduce or exempt rents for individual industrial and commercial households, the bank should allow periodic suspension of loan repayments to reduce the rent burden of individual industrial and commercial households from the “source”.
"The tax reduction policy also needs to get through the 'last mile'." Hu Yulong, who is engaged in water production in a certain place, said that some customers recently needed to issue a special VAT ticket. When he issued a special ticket with a tax rate of 1%, the other party did not agree because He opened the tax rate by 2 points less than before, and the other party's deduction was 2 points less, directly causing the other party to lose. No way, he can only issue a 3% VAT invoice. "If you can do this, the tax officer told me that I would not enjoy a preferential tax rate of less than 1%; but I consulted the tax authority at the next higher level and said that this was a misunderstanding of the new preferential tax rate at the grassroots level." Hu Yulong hoped Relevant departments strengthen supervision and implementation, and do not let human factors affect the implementation of preferential tax policies.
Lu Peng believes that to solve the current cash flow problems faced by individual industrial and commercial households, it is necessary to use the power of Internet finance companies to digitize the records of online production and business activities of small merchants into a identifiable credit rating, and then grant loans.
In addition, individual industrial and commercial households should be guided to online platforms to integrate and participate in new industrial chains. "For example, the use of Internet platforms such as Meituan, Pinduoduo and other Internet platforms can help individual industrial and commercial households to" drain "so that they can report to the regiment to keep warm." Lu Peng said.
Ai Media Consulting recently estimated that in 2020, the number of online live broadcast users in China will reach 524 million, and the market size will exceed 900 billion yuan. Ma Liang, a professor at the School of Public Administration of Renmin University of China, said that the live broadcast platform has established a good bridge between sellers and consumers. In the process, platform companies have empowered the majority of SMEs and individual industrial and commercial households. Offline business shrinks.
Lu Peng believes that in the past, the relevant policies to promote the night economy and the small store economy can continue to work hard. In addition, to find ways to reduce the cost of accommodation and warehousing and logistics for individual industrial and commercial households, the poverty alleviation workshop in the poverty alleviation is a reference experience that the government can use The idle factories and warehouses in various places are leased to individual industrial and commercial households at a preferential price.
"Of course, the majority of individual industrial and commercial households should advocate hard-working entrepreneurial spirit at this time, rekindle the spirit of selling large bowls of tea in the 1980s, everyone together overcome difficulties, tap market opportunities, and spell out hope for development. "Lv Peng said.
"Now, the recovery rate of individual industrial and commercial households in Jilin Province has increased from 37% at the end of February to 83%, but the recovery of individual industrial and commercial households is just like the saplings just planted, which still needs our careful care." Wang Shuying said.
Qiu Chaoyi Li Gang Li Jiading