How to not return to poverty after falling out of poverty——A survey of Hebei's innovative anti-poverty mechanism Economic Daily · China Economic Network reporter Chen Invention Song Meiqian
Eradicating poverty without returning to poverty is the real poverty alleviation. At present, all the impoverished counties in Hebei Province have achieved “cap removal”, but due to the new crown pneumonia epidemic and various reasons, some people who are out of poverty are still at risk of returning to poverty. Hebei Province comprehensively uses monitoring and early warning, anti-poverty insurance, industrial poverty alleviation and other means to consolidate the results of poverty alleviation, to ensure that key groups that are prone to return to poverty and prone to poverty will not return to poverty due to the epidemic, return to poverty due to illness, or return to poverty due to inability to find employment, and ensure that all poverty alleviation efforts are completed. To the real place.
In September 2019, Hebei Province took the lead in issuing the "Opinions on Establishing and Perfecting a Long-term Mechanism for Poverty Alleviation and Prevention." While ensuring the high-quality poverty alleviation of the poor, at the same time, it insisted on government-led, mass-oriented key groups that faced the risk of returning to poverty and causing poverty. The combination of the main body, social participation, and market-oriented operations, through the integration of social security policies and poverty reduction policies, targeted implementation of multi-layered and composite protective poverty prevention measures to achieve "pre-prevention, rescue during the event, and post-protection" To prevent key groups from becoming the new poor.
At present, all the poor counties in Hebei Province have been “removed from their hats”. However, due to various reasons and the impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, some people living out of poverty are still at risk of returning to poverty, and some people at the margin of poverty are at risk of becoming poor. Therefore, the anti-poverty mechanism plays an especially important role in the year of ending the fight against poverty.
Urgent matters
Protecting Employment with Work
"I didn't expect it to be so fast. It only took 20 days from the time the poverty alleviation project was selected to the time the fund was credited, which was two-thirds shorter than last year." He Xiaojiang, chairman of Hebei North Multi-Food Group Co., Ltd., told reporters that the company had slaughtered chickens. The processing project was included in the 2020 poverty alleviation project library in Zunhua City, Hebei Province. The 18.183 million yuan financial special poverty alleviation fund obtained by the company was quickly allocated at one time, which provided financial guarantee for the development of the enterprise. Just like Hu Xiaojiang, there are 1,750 impoverished households in Zunhua City. Because the funds were received in advance, the impoverished households assisted by Meikeduo Food Company could receive poverty alleviation subsidies that month.
In order to prevent poor households from becoming unemployed due to the epidemic, Hebei has introduced 13 policies and measures to support the priority employment of poor laborers, optimize funding allocation, and grant production subsidies to support the start-up and resumed production of enterprises that benefit the poor and help the poor. At the same time, Hebei Province relies on the establishment of a file-based poverty labor management information system to establish a full service card for employment and poverty alleviation for each poor labor, timely grasp employment needs, and organize multiple channels of employment for the poor labor.
Zanhuang County, Shijiazhuang City invested 51 million yuan in poverty alleviation funds to help the poor to find jobs at their doorsteps through poverty alleviation “micro-factories”, and 1,236 people have been arranged for poverty. Lingshou County helps enterprises coordinate and solve difficulties such as epidemic prevention materials, raw materials, and 7 poverty alleviation leaders All enterprises resumed production, helping more than 800 villagers to find employment in the local area.
Under the premise of ensuring the safety of epidemic prevention, Langfang City implemented the implementation of “replacement by work” in the construction of small and medium-sized rural infrastructures and the reconstruction of rural dilapidated houses, organized the establishment of archived poor people to participate in the construction of the project, and coordinated the promotion of enterprises, poverty alleviation workshops and other business entities and farmland. Water conservancy infrastructure and other projects resumed early and resumed production, and qualified poor laborers were recommended to take up employment. During the epidemic prevention and control, many places in Hebei also set up temporary posts such as town and village sanitation cleaning, epidemic prevention and killing, check-in on duty, temperature measurement and other temporary posts, selecting poor people for employment, and ensuring temporary employment of poor people who cannot return to work in time.
In the workshop of Lintai County Yongtai Garment Co., Ltd., Xingtai City, the poor household sitting in front of the sewing machine was full of joy on the face of Pang Liyan, who had received free skills training organized by the local government before taking up her job. Yu Yuan's income. During the epidemic, in order to solve the employment of poor households, Lincheng County collected more than 10,000 job postings for employees, and pushed them to poor households through a variety of methods such as websites, text messages, and WeChat to ensure that they have jobs and sources of income.
Ex ante prevention
Monitoring mechanism for early warning
The liquefied gas in the home suddenly exploded, and the house of Zheng Chun's villager in Tantan Village, Qinglong County, Qinhuangdao City, which had just emerged from poverty, was destroyed and I was burned. At the time of the crisis, the county's poverty prevention monitoring mechanism helped a lot. After verification, the People's Property Insurance Company of China issued 10,000 yuan in emergency temporary assistance to Zheng Chun.
In order to eliminate the stock of poverty and control the increase in poverty, Qinglong County annually provided 2.5 million yuan in cooperation with PICC P & C to create an "anti-poverty assistance" and the average annual net income of poor marginal families was lower than the national poverty line of the previous year. 1.2 Monitoring and assistance for non-sustainable low-income households and non-poverty low-income households with a per capita annual net income lower than 1.3 times the national poverty line of the year.
As of the end of 2019, 27,724 households of 6,724 non-stabilized poverty alleviation households in Qinglong County were all included in the scope of early warning and monitoring, and Zheng Chun was rescued because he was included in the scope of early warning and monitoring. In 2019, Qinglong County provided assistance to 107 non-poor low-income households and non-sustainable stable poverty alleviation households, and issued 2.294 million yuan of precision poverty relief assistance.
In order to strengthen poverty monitoring, Hebei Province has included poverty-stricken counties with a poverty incidence rate of more than 7% and more than 20% of poverty-stricken villages into the scope of monitoring, and promptly rectified problems when problems were found. At the same time, all parts of Hebei have also integrated relevant department data to monitor the dynamics of key groups prone to return to poverty and prone to poverty.
The anti-poverty monitoring and early warning system launched by Hengshui City conducts real-time monitoring and early warning of anti-poverty objects. The relevant person in charge of the Poverty Alleviation Office of Hengshui City introduced that the system aims to achieve "data sharing, monitoring and early warning, hierarchical management, collaborative assistance, proactive detection, and precise poverty prevention." The monitoring objects are mainly non-sustainable stable poverty alleviation households, non-exempt poverty households, There are 5 categories of non-documented decentralized support for destitute poor households, low-income households and non-poor low-income households. The first four categories of monitoring objects trigger early warnings due to rigid expenditures of more than 5,000 yuan due to disease, study, and disaster. Non-poor low-income households trigger early warnings due to rigid expenditures of more than 15,000 yuan due to disease, study, and disaster. Adjusted according to the socio-economic situation and policy changes.
According to the warning information, the relevant departments promptly started the rescue process for the monitoring households that meet the corresponding rescue conditions, and accurately implemented measures such as temporary assistance, pocket protection, and industrial support to eliminate the hidden dangers of poverty and return to poverty. As of now, Hengshui has monitored 5 categories of people: 300,84 households, 49,167 people, including non-sustainable and stable poverty alleviation households, non-filed low-income households, non-filed low-income marginal households, decentralized support for poor families, and remaining poor households. A total of 173 cases were completed, and 63 households with 63 persons with a total of 581,700 yuan were rescued.
Rescue in case
Anti-poverty insurance
In 2019, Lian Lanfeng, Liancaiqu Village, Weixian County, Handan City, suffered an accidental injury while working outside, resulting in amputation of his right leg, leaving this family of five who are not wealthy at risk of poverty. However, as a non-poor low-income household, Lian Lanfeng was included in the scope of the poverty prevention insurance assistance.
"Although I haven't been insured, I can get more than 50,000 yuan of anti-poverty insurance." Li Lanbei's wife, Li Beibei, said the money helped them solve the problem.
In October 2017, Wei County and Pacific Insurance Company reached an agreement to launch the "precision anti-poverty insurance" for the first time in the country. Over the past two years, the county has monitored a total of 12,828 people, including 978 people in poverty prevention assistance, and distributed RMB 11.942 million yuan in relief funds. No new households have returned to poverty. On October 17, 2019, Weixian won the National Innovation Award for Tackling Poverty, and became a model for tackling poverty.
"At the beginning of exploring poverty prevention work, we wanted to try to buy an insurance. However, the original types of insurance were mostly" guarantees to the head ". Given the difficulty of fixing returnees, how to buy insurance is a difficult problem." Said Chen Ruixue, director of the Wei County Poverty Alleviation Office. After investigation, Weixian creatively set up "precision poverty prevention insurance": the county finance took out 4 million yuan as an anti-poverty insurance fund and purchased insurance for about 10% of the county ’s rural population at a premium of 50 yuan per person per year. Mainly prevent poverty, return to poverty due to illness, study, or disaster.
This move has not only achieved "less money, more work", but also promoted insurance innovation and realized the transformation of insurance types from "fixing people and quantifying" to "group sharing". According to the reporter's understanding, Weixian has now formed a complete set of precise anti-poverty mechanisms: in terms of safeguards, it has created a “precision anti-poverty insurance” for county construction funds and insurance companies to participate in the purchase of services; in the determination of objects, a monitoring line is drawn 2. The "two boundaries" of the guarantee line; in the guarantee content, it points to the "three major points" of disease, learning, and disaster; on the operation mechanism, the county, township, village, and insurance company are used to "quartet linkage"; In terms of hematopoiesis, it uses the "three ways" of industrial support, employment guidance, and social assistance.
Chen Ruixue said that in March of this year, in the face of the impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic on employment, Wei County again introduced a precise poverty prevention supplementary program. The county finance allocated 2.9 million yuan of financial funds as a premium for specific industry projects in the county and Wei County workers. Two key categories of personnel are insured to ensure that there is no case in the county where poverty and return to poverty have resulted from a reduction in income and property losses caused by employment and industry.
At present, anti-poverty insurance has been launched in many places in Hebei. At the same time, Hebei has also implemented a number of security mechanisms, including life support for major illnesses, special education assistance, civil assistance, industrial employment support, and social power to prevent poverty. A “one-to-one” contact service system is set up for the rescue target by the township (town) or village, and they regularly visit the rescue target's home to understand the situation, do a good job of the service, and monitor the rescue process.
Post hoc
Industry Poverty Alleviation and Stable Income Increase
"You can either work in the workshop or take the needlework home to complete it. Wages are settled on a piece-by-piece basis, working to make money and take care of children." Talking about the poverty alleviation workshop at the doorstep of this home, 64-year-old Renbei County, Xingtai City, this year Song Juntian, a poor household in the village, could not help but praise.
In 2019, Ren County adopted the "enterprise + poverty alleviation workshop + poor households" model. By developing a "gimmick economy" and "finger-tip economy", it absorbed poor households to obtain income through manual labor, and broadened the channels for poor households to increase their employment and income.
Ren County County Party Secretary Li Hailin said that on the basis of the implementation of life support for major diseases, special education assistance, civil assistance, and poverty prevention insurance, Ren County has set up an employment and entrepreneurship platform for the poor, turning the land into a "factory" and making the poor The masses and rural left-behind women have become "industrial workers" at their doorsteps, helping the poor get rid of poverty.
Walking into the home of Wang Guiqin, a villager in Xiwugou Village, East Huanghuachuan Township, Kuancheng County, Chengde City, she is weaving rattan chairs skillfully. "A rattan chair can earn 2 yuan, and I can make 30 or 40 a day." Wang Guiqin said with a smile, holding the newly edited rattan chair, and said, "No need to worry about raw materials and sales, and usually there is no delay in family affairs. Can earn more than 2,000 yuan. "In Xiwugou Village, 60 people like Wang Guiqin weaving rattan chairs.
In 2018, Fengning County, Chengde City innovated the "non-legacy + poverty alleviation" model, and established 8 "non-legacy poverty alleviation employment workshops" in 5 villages and 8 towns throughout the county, and hired Fengning Manchu paper-cutting representatives to carry it out once a week. Coaching and training. Up to now, more than 200 non-heritage trainings have been organized, and more than 60,000 trainees have been trained, of which 30% of the poor have set up files.
In addition to the poverty alleviation “micro-factories”, “poverty alleviation workshops” and “poverty alleviation courtyards” that have blossomed all over the country, various industrial poverty alleviation models such as industrial poverty alleviation bases, dividends for shareholding companies, and agricultural innovation stations have been explored in various parts of Hebei to increase the operating income, Wage income and property income.
In the poverty-stricken greenhouse of the New Hope Plantation Cooperative in Ciyuyu Town, Quzhou City, Zhang Xiaohong, a poor household in Pengtayu Village, is busy picking. Since 2018, she has been working in the New Hope Plantation Cooperative. In addition to the monthly salary of more than 2,000 yuan, she can also receive more than 200 yuan of poverty alleviation funds from the industry. In October 2019, the Zhang Xiaohong family successfully lifted out of poverty.
Throughout Hebei, many poor households, like Zhang Xiaohong, participated in the operation of the cooperative through various forms such as land transfer, capital investment, and base employment. "Land transfers have land rents, share cooperation earns shares, migrant employment earns salaries, Industrial poverty alleviation dividends "long-term income model to prevent them from returning to poverty after being lifted out of poverty.
This year, Hebei Province will strive to cultivate each poverty-stricken county from 1 to 3 leading industries in poverty alleviation with distinctive characteristics, concentration of advantages, industrial integration, and strong poverty capacity, forming one county, one special, one township, one industry, one village (multi-village) ) Industrial layout of a product.