China News Service, October 5 (Dong Hanyang Sweet) On the afternoon of October 5, Beijing time, the list of winners of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was first announced: Harvey J. Alter, Michelle ·Houghton (Michael Houghton) and Charles M. Rice (Charles M. Rice) jointly received this award in recognition of their contribution to "discovering the hepatitis C virus."

Image source: Nobel Prize social media account.

　　According to reports, the three winners made groundbreaking discoveries and identified a new type of virus, hepatitis C virus, which made blood testing and new drug development possible and saved millions of lives.

　　As a result, the 2020 "Nobel Prize Week" officially started.

As one of the most authoritative medical awards, the research results of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine have profoundly affected the development of society. It has also witnessed the unremitting struggle of human beings against various diseases and the endless exploration of the mysteries of life.

Keep walking, Nobel Prize winners devote themselves to COVID-19 research

　　Over the years, the Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine have devoted themselves to research and continuous exploration to fight disease and death.

As the new crown epidemic is raging, they have not stopped "fighting."

　　As early as the beginning of the new crown epidemic, the 2019 Nobel Prize winner and American scientist Ross Bas established a research team with a number of scientists and issued a recommendation report on the safe restoration of the economy.

In 1996, the Nobel Prize winner and the laboratory under the Australian immunologist Doherty Institute became the first laboratory in the world to cultivate the new crown virus besides China. This achievement will help researchers to test whether the new crown vaccine is effective. Important".

　　And when the National Institutes of Health stopped funding the "Ecological Health Alliance", a non-governmental organization engaged in research on the spread of coronavirus and had cooperated with Chinese scientific research institutions, 77 American Nobel Prize winners including Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine The winner even stood up and jointly protested, asking him to take appropriate measures to correct this unfair behavior.

　　"We live on the same earth. No one is an island in the face of the epidemic." Dougherty has repeatedly called for global unity to fight the epidemic.

Data map: On December 10, 2015, local time, Stockholm, Sweden, Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine Tu Youyou received the award.

　　Chinese scientist Tu Youyou, winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, also said that in the era of globalization, the destiny of mankind is common, calling on global scientific research and medical workers to invest in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases with an open attitude and a spirit of cooperation. Go in.

Centennial awards, record the "battle history" against infectious diseases

　　Since the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was first awarded in 1901, it seems that a "fighting history" of humans and infectious diseases can be found in the list of awards.

What is the treatment for malaria?

How to reduce the death rate of tuberculosis?

Who discovered the hepatitis B vaccine?

The contribution of the Nobel Prize winners should not be underestimated.

　　Research in the field of anti-malarial is like a race against the speed of malaria parasites.

In 2018, 405,000 people died of malaria, and it is still the leading cause of death for children in Africa.

　　However, the pace of research by scientists has never stopped, and many Nobel Prizes have been produced in this field.

The British doctor Ross won the 1902 Nobel Prize for proving that Anopheles are the vectors of malaria; the French doctor Ravellan won the 1907 Nobel Prize for discovering malaria parasites...

Data map: On September 11, Burkina Faso, community volunteers are testing whether children are malnourished and are being treated for malaria.

　　The best known to the Chinese is that Chinese scientist Tu Youyou isolated the antimalarial drug artemisinin from traditional Chinese medicine and won the Nobel Prize in 2015. The malaria therapy based on this has saved millions of lives.

　　Tuberculosis is an ancient and fascinating "white plague".

The 1952 award went to Waxman, an American microbiologist. His streptomycin successfully "conquered" tuberculosis. Before 1904, the death rate of 188 people per 100,000 tuberculosis patients in the United States dropped to 10 per 100,000 in 1953. 4 million patients died.

　　The winner in 1976 was Bloomberg, the discoverer of the hepatitis B virus and the first hepatitis B vaccine developer.

He promoted human research and control of hepatitis B, the "silent killer".

Today, more than 180 countries around the world have implemented hepatitis B vaccination, and Bloomberg is therefore known as "the expert who saves the most patients with liver cancer."

Constant persistence, a scientific dream that spans the test of time

　　For many Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine, their research results are finally recognized after years of evaluation.

During this period, I had regrets and moved.

What remains unchanged is their persistence in the dream of science.

On July 23, 2018, local time, Brown, the world's first IVF, attended the Science Museum exhibition in London, UK, and took a photo with the glass dryer used for her embryos to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the birth of the world's first IVF.

-Long overdue admission

　　In 1978, the world's first test-tube baby was born in the UK.

It was not until 2010 that Edwards, the British scientist who created the technology, was recognized by the Nobel Prize. The review committee said that this technology provides a new way to treat infertility.

　　Regrettably, Edwards was 85 years old at the time, and due to physical reasons, he could not express his acceptance speech.

Steptoe, another British doctor who had participated in the study, died in 1988.

The Nobel Foundation stipulates that the Nobel Prize cannot be awarded to people who have passed away.

The 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was announced, and three scientists including the American medical scientist Kailin won the prize.

Kailin is committed to studying the role of p53 and other tumor suppressor genes in cancer development.

Image source: Visual China

——"Bitter Sweetness"

　　American scientist Kailin spent countless efforts to study cancer, but failed to save the life of his wife suffering from breast cancer.

"In the years after I just lost her, I would think'please, don't win the prize' because it would be too bitter and sweet."

　　Four years after his wife's death, Kailin won the 2019 Nobel Prize for his research on the mechanism of cell perception and adaptation to oxygen changes.

The photo he sent to the Nobel Prize official was a photo of himself and his deceased wife.

He said that he just wanted to tell the world, "I won the prize together with my wife."

On October 8, 2012 local time, the Swedish Nobel Prize Jury announced that Shinya Nakayama (right) from the iPS Cell Research Center, the base of the Material-Cell Integration System, Kyoto University, Japan, and the British developmental biologist John Gordon (left) Awarded for outstanding contributions in the field of nuclear reprogramming research.

——The counterattack of "poor students"

　　When British biologist Gordon was in school, he was ridiculed as a "idiot" and received a "poor student report" from his teacher.

Later, while studying at the University of Cambridge, he hung up the report in his office. "When I encounter trouble, such as unsuccessful experiments, I will look at this report and remind myself that I may not be good at this job. But I have to work hard, otherwise it is true. Was hit by the teacher."

　　In 1962, Gordon successfully used the mature cells of a frog to cultivate alive tadpoles, and his important breakthrough in genes also led to the subsequent research on cloned sheep Dolly.

After 50 years of controversy and testing, this former "poor student" finally won the approval of the Nobel Prize Jury in 2012.

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