The reporter learned from Sinopec on the 8th that my country's first deep geothermal scientific exploration well over 5,000 meters, the Fushenre 1 Well, was successfully drilled to 5,200 meters, once again breaking the record for the deepest geothermal scientific exploration well in my country, and obtaining geothermal resources in multiple strata. , marking a new breakthrough in deep geothermal exploration in South China.
Well Fushenre 1 was successfully drilled to 5,200 meters underground
Well Fushenre 1 is located in Haikou City, Hainan Province. This well uses a number of independent innovative technologies such as "dual-drive drilling + high-pressure injection" to drill a geothermal resource reservoir with a temperature of 150°C near 3,900 meters. At a depth of 5,123 meters A geothermal reservoir with a temperature of 188.71°C was drilled.
Zheng Herong, Sinopec Fushenre 1 Well Project Leader:
Well Fushenre 1 mainly achieved the goal of detecting the potential of deep geothermal resources in the Haikou area, and further deepened the theoretical understanding of the formation and distribution of deep high-temperature geothermal heat. Two types and three sets of geothermal reservoirs were discovered, with bottom-hole temperatures exceeding 188°C, marking a breakthrough in the search for deep high-temperature geothermal resources in South China.
Since the drilling of Well Fushenre 1 in August last year, 11 rounds of coring have been completed. Underground casing cementing operations are currently underway. The next step is to use high-pressure hydraulic fracturing technology to transform geothermal reservoirs in order to form artificial reservoirs with efficient water storage capabilities and create favorable conditions for later geothermal development and utilization.
Guo Xusheng, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering:
In the future, relying on Well Fushenre 1, the first deep geothermal production-university-research integrated field test research platform and development and utilization demonstration platform in South China can be built. On this basis, exploring and forming theoretical methods and key technology systems suitable for the exploration and development of deep geothermal resources in the igneous rock areas of South China is of great significance for the exploration and development of geothermal resources in the high heat flow areas along the southeastern coast of my country.
Most of the deep well drilling we have learned about before is used to develop fossil energy such as oil and natural gas. Well Fushenre 1 is a deep geothermal scientific exploration well, which is used for scientific research and development and utilization of deep geothermal resources.
What are deep geothermal resources? How to develop and utilize it?
Geothermal energy is a stable, reliable, green and low-carbon renewable energy. It has the characteristics of large reserves, wide distribution, cleanness and environmental protection. It is gradually becoming an important direction of global energy transformation. Well Fushenre 1 is located in Haikou City, Hainan Province. Let’s start from here to learn about my country’s development in this field.
Hainan is located in the circum-Pacific high-temperature geothermal zone, one of the four major high-temperature geothermal zones in the world. It has strong modern volcanic activity and is less than ten kilometers away from the nearest volcanic crater. It is a rich area of deep geothermal resources.
Feng Jianyun of Sinopec Institute of Petroleum Exploration:
To drill such a deep geothermal well, we need to consider three factors: heat source, heat storage and caprock. This is like using a gas stove to boil a pot of water. The "gas stove" in this place is the underground volcanic rock. , exploration found that the extensive granite underground is a good heat storage, and a set of very thick mudstone has developed on top of the granite, which can play a role in insulation and is the "pot lid". Such conditions are very suitable for the development of geothermal resources.
Shallow, medium and deep geothermal resources have become mankind’s “treasure house of thermal energy”
From drilling wells on the ground to within 200 meters underground, there are generally shallow geothermal resources with temperatures below 25°C. Their characteristic is that the temperature remains stable throughout the year. The temperature difference between the surface and outdoor air can be used to provide indoor heating in winter and cooling in summer. . Continuing down from 200 meters to 3 kilometers, there are medium-deep geothermal resources. Buried underground hot water, also known as hot springs, is one of them.
Deep geothermal energy has broad development and application prospects
Below 3,000 meters underground, there is a high-temperature rock mass with a temperature that can exceed 180°C or even 200°C. However, there is no fluid or only a small amount of water in it. This high-temperature rock mass is called hot dry rock. The drilling target of Well Fushenre 1 is 250 million-year-old granite, which is a deep dry hot rock geothermal well. At present, the development and utilization of geothermal resources in my country is mainly based on shallow and medium-deep hydrothermal geothermal resources. However, the development of deep geothermal resources below 3,000 meters, especially hot dry rock resources, is still in the exploratory stage. With the continuous advancement of technology and the increasing demand for clean energy, the development of deep geothermal energy will become an important research direction in the future energy field.
Why is this breakthrough of 5200 meters still attracting widespread attention?
Deep geothermal energy is so abundant, how can we use it more efficiently? At present, finding it through geophysical prospecting, drilling and other means is only the first step. Next, artificial transformation such as hydraulic fracturing is needed to make the high-temperature rock as porous as a sponge, and then water is injected into this "artificial sponge" through geothermal wells. Use the high temperature of the rock to heat the water. Finally, hot water or steam is extracted through another geothermal well, which can be used to generate electricity and other uses.
Our country has achieved deep well drilling of over 10,000 meters before, so why is this drilling just over 5,200 meters still attracting widespread attention?
Guo Xusheng, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering:
For oil and gas wells, there are many wells with a burial depth greater than 5,000 meters, but for geothermal wells, wells with a burial depth greater than 3,000 meters are considered deep wells. Globally, there are only a handful of geothermal wells over 5,000 meters long. In our country, Well Fushenre 1 is the only one, and it has attracted widespread attention.
Guo Xusheng, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering:
The successful drilling of Well Fushenre 1 discovered hidden high-temperature granite heat reserves in South China for the first time. In this area, the demand for clean energy such as geothermal is still very urgent, but deep geothermal exploration has not been realized for many years. breakthrough. Secondly, the early research on deep geothermal energy in Hainan was relatively weak, and there was relatively little data available for reference, making it difficult to select a site. Our research team has continued to tackle key problems for many years, formed effective key detection and evaluation technologies, selected well locations, and discovered resources. Furthermore, the target reservoir of Well Fushenre 1 is granite, which has high hardness and difficulty in drilling. The superimposed high temperature of more than 180°C brings great challenges to safe and efficient drilling, well formation and reservoir stimulation.
In recent years, our country has made many breakthroughs in the drilling depth of deep wells on land and sea.
Whether it is the deep earth or the deep sea, our country's pace of "drilling down" has never stopped. Record after record continues to be broken. More and more "deep" mysteries are revealed, which also gives us a better understanding of the earth under our feet. gain a deeper understanding.
Not only is my country's first over-5,000-meter deep geothermal scientific exploration well, Well Fushenre 1 will be drilled to 5,200 meters underground, setting a new record for the deepest geothermal scientific exploration well in my country; previously, the deep underground tower of PetroChina's Tarim Oilfield located in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert in Xinjiang The drilling depth of Well Ke 1 has exceeded 10,000 meters and is currently continuing to advance towards the target depth of 11,100 meters. This is also the first well in my country with a vertical depth of more than 10,000 meters so far. Not only did it once again set a new record for the deepest well in Asia, it also set a record in the world today for the shortest time it took to drill a 10,000-meter-deep well.
In 2023, the Yuejin 3-3XC well deployed by Sinopec's "Shendi No. 1" was ignited and tested, and the drilling depth was 9,432 meters, setting a new record for Asia's deepest well deviation depth and ultra-deep drilling horizontal displacement. In recent years, my country has drilled more than 200 ultra-deep wells with a depth of more than 8,000 meters in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert and its surrounding areas, and has made successive breakthroughs in ultra-deep oil and gas exploration. This has promoted my country to find important oil and gas strategic succession areas one after another in the ultra-deep field.
In terms of deep sea, the "Shenhai No. 1" ultra-deepwater gas field, which was put into production in June 2021, has proven geological reserves of natural gas of more than 100 billion cubic meters. It is the offshore ultra-deepwater gas field with the deepest water depth and the most difficult exploration and development independently developed by my country. At present, the total drilling footage of the second phase of the "Deep Sea No. 1" project has exceeded 50,000 meters, which is equivalent to the height of six Mount Everests. The overall progress of the drilling operation is 90% complete. After the second phase of the "Shenhai No. 1" project is fully put into operation, the reserves of the "Shenhai No. 1" ultra-deepwater gas field will be increased from 100 billion cubic meters to 150 billion cubic meters, and the annual output will be increased from 3 billion cubic meters to 4.5 billion cubic meters.
How can we continue to march into the deep earth and deep sea in the future?
Let’s take a look at the new records of deep well drilling that our country’s scientific research team has continuously set at sea and on land in the past two years:
"Deep Sea No. 1" was completed on April 15, 2021, with a maximum water depth of more than 1,500 meters and a maximum well depth of more than 4,000 meters;
The "Shen Di No. 1" Yuejin 3-3XC well was drilled to 9,432 meters on October 26, 2023;
The Wanmike exploration well was drilled to 10,000 meters on March 4, 2024, but the drilling has not been completed yet and is still ongoing;
Well Fushenre 1 broke through 5,200 meters on April 8, 2024.
How will our country continue to march into the deep sea in the future?
Guo Xusheng, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering:
The deep earth is the solid depth of the earth beneath the shallow surface that is difficult for humans to reach. As the degree of resource development in the middle and shallow layers continues to increase, resource discovery becomes increasingly difficult, and the deep layers are receiving more and more widespread attention. It is of great significance to move into the deep parts of the earth.
There are three main problems. Hard: Hard rock layers are difficult to enter. Uneven: The detection signal is weak and the resolution is low. High temperature and high pressure: Instruments and equipment have poor stability.
Marching into the deep earth and deep sea is, firstly, of great scientific exploration significance; secondly, it is necessary to ensure national resources and economic security; thirdly, it is to promote the development of theoretical, technical and equipment in related domestic industries.
The next step in research is to reconstruct the theoretical system of deep earth science and occupy new scientific heights. With the help of artificial intelligence big data and other means, we should integrate theoretical understanding of deep oil and gas, geothermal, solid minerals, earthquakes, volcanoes, etc.; second, we must break through bottlenecks with new technologies and build a deep and transparent earth; third, we must tackle the green development of biological resources and deep underground Comprehensive utilization of space. (CCTV News Client)