Let the villagers live a modern and civilized life on the spot (promoting the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside and continuously achieving new results)
core reading
This year's "Government Work Report" proposes to "deeply implement rural construction actions, vigorously improve rural water, electricity, gas, telecommunications and other infrastructure and public services" and "continue to improve the rural living environment and build a beautiful countryside that is livable, industrial and beautiful." What new explorations have been made in various places to improve rural infrastructure and enhance public service levels? What new experiences have been accumulated in strengthening rural ecological environment construction? How to further improve the level of rural construction in the future? The reporter conducted interviews on these issues.
Make up for the shortcomings in rural infrastructure based on the actual situation of various places and the needs of farmers.
【Lens】
Recently, the renovation of the water supply pipe network and sewage pipe network in Nankou Village, Jiangshui Town, Xindu District, Xingtai City, Hebei Province was completed.
Guo Shukui, a 63-year-old villager, washes pots and dishes in the renovated kitchen. "Now that the water pipes are built, water is convenient and hygienic. Unlike before, used water had to be collected in buckets and poured outside the door. The village roads are full of sewage, flies fly around in the summer, and it’s not safe when it freezes in the winter.”
In addition to improving the water supply engineering system, the work of making up for shortcomings in rural infrastructure in Nankou Village is also continuing.
In the evening, villager Ma Liguo drove back to the village and parked his car directly in the parking lot. On the way home, the roadbed of the main street in the village has been leveled and preparations are being made for laying asphalt pavement. The alley leading to the door of the house has been paved with cement pavement. Ma Liguo said: "The asphalt streets are smooth to drive on, and the alleys in front of the house are comfortable to walk on. The conditions in the village are almost the same as those in the city."
Li Kuiying, secretary of the Party branch of Nankou Village, said: “In recent years, the village has successively planned and constructed parking lots and villagers’ cultural squares. On the original basis, the main road in the village has been widened by about 1 meter, paved with asphalt and then used the effective space to plant green plants. The villagers have It’s easier to travel and the village is more beautiful.”
The use of safe batteries is also a major concern for villagers. Nankou Village actively strives for financial incentives and subsidies for the construction of village-level public welfare undertakings. The villagers raised part of it themselves, and the financial incentives and subsidies were part of it. Solar street lights were purchased on the main roads and small squares in the village.
"120 solar street lights can illuminate the whole village without consuming electricity. Such a change was unimaginable in the past. When the light gets dark in the evening, the street lights will automatically light up, with an average lighting duration of 8 hours a day." Li Kuiying calculated. The "economic account" of solar street lights: Each 8-meter-high light pole illuminates a surrounding area of more than 30 meters, and is brighter than ordinary light bulbs. Overall, the village can save more than 20,000 yuan in lighting costs every year.
Rural infrastructure construction must be properly used and maintained. Party members and cadres in Nankou Village have designated areas of responsibility and conducted regular monitoring of infrastructure such as water, electricity, roads, and lighting.
Li Yinglei is the "water steward" of Nankou Village and is responsible for repairing water supply and drainage pipe problems in the whole village. Once, Li Yinglei saw in a WeChat group that many villagers had water outages at their homes. She immediately took her tools and went out. After checking several points, she found that the main water supply pipe from the water source to the village was broken in a ditch outside the village. He immediately asked several nearby villagers to help dig out the underground main pipe and replace the broken part. Within two hours, the gurgling water was transported along the pipeline to the villagers' homes.
[Expert Comment] Jin Shuqin, deputy director of the Rural Economic Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs:
In recent years, the level of rural infrastructure construction has been significantly improved, which has profoundly changed the face of the countryside and given rural residents a tangible and tangible sense of gain. However, due to reasons such as a weak development foundation and historical debts, the current shortcomings in infrastructure such as hardened roads, stable supply of tap water, and delivery logistics in the village are still prominent. In the next step, rural construction must be promoted based on the actual conditions of various regions and the needs of farmers. It must match not only regional climate conditions and topography, but also the local economic and social development capabilities and levels. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen planning guidance, advance village planning in an orderly manner, and improve the level of rural construction.
Rural infrastructure construction is built for farmers. Farmers must want to build, be willing to work, and be able to participate. In practice, standardized operating procedures have been gradually formed to effectively protect farmers’ rights to know, make decisions, and supervise, and guide farmers to participate in the entire process.
Further improve the equalization level of rural public service supply
【Lens】
"The nursing home is in the village. We have good food and housing, and medical staff from the city come to check us regularly. We live a comfortable life." 89-year-old Shishan Village, Zhushan Town, Yushui District, Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province Villager Lin Guoying said.
How to solve the problem of elderly care for left-behind and elderly people living alone in rural areas? In order to improve the rural elderly care service system, Yushui District has launched a pilot project of integrating nursing homes with medical care, building nursing homes in each village through new construction, renovation, and leasing of villagers' houses, and developing diversified home-based elderly care services. .
"I used to be alone at home, often with or without a meal. Now I have ready-made hot dishes and meals every day. I can also play cards and chat with my old friends. My body and spirit have improved a lot." Xiacun Town Huang Maosheng, a villager from Luojiabian Village, has lived in the nursing home for a year.
The combination of medical care and nursing care makes elderly care more “medically” reliable. Yushui District is connected with Xinyu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. The Municipal Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital assigns doctors to visit each village regularly, while the township health center assigns doctors to assist with consultations. The village doctors conduct consultations every day, establish health files for each elderly person, and conduct regular physical examinations.
"Every time a doctor from the city's Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital comes, I go to the consultation room early and do cupping to remove the moisture," Lin Guoying said. At the Shishan Village Nursing Home, doctors provide moxibustion and traditional Chinese medicine foot baths for the elderly... During holidays, volunteers also deliver rice, oil, eggs and other items to the elderly.
The operating expenses of nursing homes in Yushui District are based on the standard of no less than 350 yuan per person per month. The elderly pay part of it themselves, and the city, district and township subsidize part respectively. This has gradually changed the past problems of limited scale and insufficient supply of public nursing homes in townships. Solved the shortage of family pension supply.
At present, 304 nursing homes and 33 food and accommodation points have been built and operated in 182 administrative villages in the region, housing 4,528 elderly people, basically covering the elderly in need.
Yushui District has also actively strengthened the service capacity building of township health centers and village clinics. Zhushan Town Health Center organizes 1 to 2 rural doctors to go to urban hospitals for training and study every year. Currently, there are 7 people in the town health center holding general practitioner certificates. Villagers can enjoy high-quality medical services at their doorsteps without leaving the village.
[Expert Comment] Zhang Qi, Director of the China Rural Revitalization and Development Research Center at Beijing Normal University:
Our country's urban and rural public service facilities are gradually improving, and public service facilities such as education, medical care, and elderly care have achieved three-dimensional coverage. But overall, there is still an imbalance in the layout of urban and rural public facilities. In this regard, the equalization and standardization of basic public services in urban and rural areas should be promoted, and basic public services of unified standards should be established in urban and rural areas. At the same time, the ability of rural schools and hospitals to absorb farmers should be improved, and medical and educational resources should be promoted to rural areas. Area extension coverage.
In recent years, various regions have invested a considerable amount of public resources to improve rural education and medical conditions. However, in some places, public facilities have been left idle, resulting in a waste of public resources. In this regard, new urbanization should be used as the starting point to build a co-construction, co-governance, and sharing mechanism for urban and rural education and medical resources based on county areas, so as to realize the two-way flow of public service resources and improve utilization efficiency and supply quality.
Connect production and life to create a good ecological environment
【Lens】
Walking into Lianghekou Town, Zigui County, Hubei Province, the streets are clean and tidy, the rivers are crystal clear, and there is no garbage on the village roads. This is due to the local exploration of the classification and treatment of domestic waste according to local conditions.
"We must first explain the truth to the villagers about garbage classification and let everyone know that this is a good thing." said Deng Banghong, secretary of the Party branch of Taiping Village, Lianghekou Town.
Not only in Taiping Village, but also in Lianghekou Town, garbage classification has been integrated into the lives of villagers through mobilization and publicity. In less than a year, 12 administrative villages and 125 villages in Lianghekou Town disseminated garbage classification knowledge and environmental protection concepts to every household, and garbage classification became a "new trend" in the village.
How to sort the garbage into different categories? Zigui County promotes the concept of source reduction and classification management of domestic waste to all villages, and encourages villagers to harmlessly dispose and reuse waste.
"Leftovers are fed to pigs; rotten fruits and traditional Chinese medicine residues are poured into composting barrels for use as fertilizer; paper shells, rotten wood, branches and sticks can be used to ignite fires when dried..." Deng Banghong is advancing the garbage classification work. At the meeting, it was popularized to the villagers that "twigs and grass can be turned into fuel, perishable garbage can be turned into fertilizer, leftovers can be turned into feed, paper bottles and cans can be turned into banknotes, and harmful garbage should not be thrown away." After a period of study and practice, Taiping Village crushed corn stalks to make livestock feed, and Yunpan Village used glass bottles to make decorative walls in the courtyard... Garbage was turned into treasure, lighting up the beautiful countryside.
Domestic waste is sorted and reduced on-site, and less waste leaves the village and does not leave the town, which greatly reduces the tasks and costs of waste removal in each village. Up to now, the source classification reduction rate of farmers’ waste in Lianghekou Town has reached 70%, and the accuracy of rural residents’ waste classification has reached 98%.
As a national key ecological functional area and an important ecological security barrier in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, Zigui County also attaches great importance to the control of non-point source pollution from agricultural production.
Zigui County is the hometown of navel oranges, with more than 60 farms and more than 30,000 farmers. Zigui County promotes the resource utilization project of livestock and poultry breeding waste, introduces business entities, collects fresh breeding manure, and undergoes pretreatment, mixing, fermentation, re-modulation, crushing and other procedures to form bio-organic fertilizer and deliver it to farmers who grow navel oranges . As orange farmers strengthen their green planting concept, the demand for bio-organic fertilizers increases rapidly, and livestock and poultry manure, which was rejected in the past, has produced huge economic benefits.
Zihui has also implemented in-depth actions to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and increase efficiency, vigorously promote the replacement of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, the integration of water and fertilizer, and the "fruit-biogas-livestock" model in mountainous areas. It has established a green prevention and control core demonstration area of 10,000 acres and recycled pesticide packaging waste without waste. The chemical treatment rate reached 75%, achieving zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. It successfully created the first batch of demonstration counties in the country for organic fertilizer substitution projects for chemical fertilizers, and was selected as a national demonstration county for green prevention and control of crop diseases and pests.
[Expert Comment] Cheng Guoqiang, professor at the School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Renmin University of China:
Strengthening the construction of rural ecological civilization is related to the well-being and health of farmers and is the deep expectation of the farmers. To improve the level of rural residential environment management, measures should be taken according to local conditions and promoted in categories. For example, in the management of rural domestic waste, it is necessary to explore the source classification reduction and resource utilization, on-site and nearby agricultural treatment and utilization paths, and improve the rural domestic waste collection, transportation and disposal system. At the same time, farmers should play the main role and gather the joint efforts of the whole society to participate in rural construction. Farmers are the main body of rural construction, and it is necessary to stimulate the endogenous motivation of villagers to effectively participate. It is also necessary to rely on scientific and technological innovation to solve key technical problems in improving the rural living environment, and encourage scientific research institutions and enterprises to increase the research and development of new technologies and new products.
A good ecological environment is the greatest advantage and valuable wealth of rural areas. As the living environment in rural areas improves, more talents will be attracted to return to their hometowns to innovate and start businesses, promoting farmers to find jobs and start businesses nearby. Explore functions such as rural ecological conservation and leisure experience, and transform from selling products to "selling scenery" and "selling experience" to promote the development of new rural industries and new business formats, and promote the transformation of green waters and green mountains into mountains of gold and silver.
Our reporter Li Xiaoqing
"People's Daily" (Page 18, March 29, 2024)