01
How to divide the mountain?
my country has issued more than 100 million forest rights certificates
The reporter learned from the National Forestry and Grassland Administration that my country has made positive progress in deepening the reform of the collective forest rights system. So far, more than 100 million forest rights certificates have been issued.
Our country has 2.568 billion acres of collective forest land, accounting for about 60% of the country's total forest area. It is an important natural resource for the country and an important means of production for farmers.
Focusing on "how to divide mountains", the country has carried out the confirmation and issuance of collective forest land rights and certificates to complete "clear property rights and contract to households". Currently, more than 100 million forest rights certificates have been issued, involving nearly 100 million farmers, and the initial realization of "determination of mountain rights, A tree fixes its roots and a person fixes his mind."
Huang Dong, deputy director of the Development and Reform Department of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration: As the reform of the collective forest rights system continues to deepen, the mechanism becomes more and more flexible, and the public's enthusiasm for investing in forestry is getting higher and higher.
At the same time, a large number of migrant workers move to cities to work, so the forestland needs to be managed by social entities. Under such circumstances, various places are constantly exploring a new pattern in which forestland is collectively owned, contracted by families, and managed by the society for many years. We call it the three Separation of powers.
Under the new situation, establishing and improving the "separation of three rights" operating mechanism for collective forest land is an important task to improve the collective forest property rights system and fully protect the rights and interests of forestry operators.
The "Plan for Deepening the Reform of the Collective Forest Rights System" issued by the central government in 2023 focuses on promoting the "separation of three rights" and the extended contract policy, proposing to further consolidate the results of distributing mountainous rights to households, and requires resolute implementation of ownership, long-term stabilization of contract rights, and acceleration of decentralization. Actively activate management rights, effectively revitalize collective forest resources, increase the economic benefits of forestry management, and allow farmers to share more reform dividends.
Huang Dong, Deputy Director of the Development and Reform Department of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration: Through active exploration by various localities and vigorous promotion at the national level, we hope to achieve a collective forest rights management system with clear ownership, strict protection, orderly transfer, and effective supervision by 2025.
02
How to cut down the tree?
Give forestry operators greater autonomy
The reform of forest harvesting management is a key area of reform of the forest rights system.
Scientific and rational harvesting of trees is the main measure and necessary means to strengthen sustainable forest management and effectively improve forest quality.
On the premise of protecting forest resources and ecology, optimizing and revitalizing the logging management of artificial commercial forests is the direction of the reform of the collective forest rights system.
Focusing on "how to cut down trees", various localities have promoted classified and sustainable forest management and introduced many new measures and practices in accordance with the requirements of the "Plan for Deepening the Reform of the Collective Forest Rights System".
Huang Changchun, Director of the Forestry Bureau of Shaxian District, Sanming City: We have disclosed the total tree harvesting quota, implemented allocation according to the order of application, and implemented the reform of approving artificial commercial forest harvesting based on area, making harvesting management more scientific, more transparent, and more flexible, giving forestry operators More convenience, more autonomy.
The State Forestry and Grassland Administration continues to deepen the reform of "delegating power, delegating power, delegating regulation and optimizing services" for forest harvesting, and has introduced a series of convenient measures such as "sunshine approval" for forest harvesting and entrusting township governments to handle harvesting approval to open up the "last mile" of serving forest farmers.
Huang Dong, deputy director of the Development and Reform Department of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration: The focus is to liberalize management rights, implement disposal rights, and ensure the connection between income rights. The purpose is to make forest harvesting more efficient, convenient, and accurate.
On this basis, the State Forestry and Grassland Administration is vigorously promoting the tree harvesting notification and commitment system and exploring pilot areas for harvesting.
Through these important measures, on the premise of protecting forest resources and ecology, we can meet the reasonable forest harvesting needs of forestry operators, and strive to achieve more harvesting, better harvesting, green hills and sustainable utilization.
03
Where does the money come from?
Open up a convenient channel for social capital to "enter the mountains and forests"
Forestry production and operation cycle is long and capital investment is large, so financial support is crucial.
Improving the forestry financial service mechanism and increasing financial support are important tasks for the reform of the collective forest rights system.
Focusing on "where does the money come from?", various localities have innovated forest rights financing mechanisms to promote the transformation of collective forest resources into assets and assets into funds.
In 2004, Sanming City, Fujian Province took the lead in carrying out forest rights mortgage loans in the country. In November 2023, the country's first forestry biological asset note, the forest ticket, was launched in Sanming City. The forest ticket quantifies all forest resources of forest management entities. Electronic asset certificates are formed, which can be traded, transferred, pledged, or subscribed by financial institutions or asset management institutions, thereby opening up a convenient channel for social capital to "enter the mountains and forests".
Not only Sanming, Fujian, but also various financial products across the country have explored and launched many financial products in line with the characteristics of forestry, such as underforest economic income rights and public welfare forest compensation income rights pledge loans, which have strongly supported forestry ecological construction and industrial development.
The economic value of my country's collective forestry reaches tens of trillions of yuan, and forest rights are the largest assets of forestry operators.
At present, the country has established a forest rights mortgage loan system, continuously broadening the scope of collateral, innovating loan models, and improving supporting policies. As of now, the balance of forest rights mortgage loans nationwide has reached more than 160 billion yuan.
Lin Yifu, chief expert on the reform of the national collective forest rights system: The reform of collective forest rights must be improved so that it can develop bankable projects, so these are complementary to each other.
With the encouragement of government policies, it is still necessary to develop projects that can be loaned and financed. For example, underforest economy, carbon sinks, or forest tickets can all be developed into projects that can be financed. This will help finance the development of our forestry industry. support.
04
What about a single family?
"Little mountains" connected into "big mountains", large-scale operations yield benefits
The problem of unclear collective forest property rights has been solved by distributing it from the mountains to the households. At the same time, it has also brought about problems such as the dispersion and fragmentation of collective forest land, high household operating costs, and low returns.
What about a single family?
Developing moderate-scale operations is the general direction.
The National Forestry and Grassland Administration pointed out that it is necessary to actively and steadily promote the transfer of collective forest land management rights on the premise of farmers' voluntary and legal compliance, support and guide state-owned forest farms to play a leading role in demonstration, integrate scattered forest lands, and introduce professional and efficient large-scale operations. main body, carry out centralized operations and release economies of scale.
In deepening the reform of the collective forest rights system, nearly 300,000 new forestry management entities such as family forest farms, large professional households, and forestry cooperatives have been cultivated in various places. The output of collective forest land is about 300 yuan per mu, more than three times that before the forest reform.
(CCTV reporter Shi Shaoyu, Han Zhitao, Zeng Jinfeng, Zhang Tongxiang, Sanming Channel)