Farming time waits for no one, and spring plowing is the right time.
At present, spring plowing and spring management have gradually begun from south to north.
This year’s Central Government Document No. 1 focuses on ensuring grain production and supply, clarifies the main direction of stabilizing area and increasing yield, and sets out the task goal of ensuring that grain output remains above 1.3 trillion kilograms.
However, it is not so easy to plant the land well, manage spring plowing well, and lay the foundation for a good harvest.
Recently, reporters have visited several major grain-producing provinces to learn about the spring plowing conditions there.
At present, wheat in Hebei Province is turning green and entering a critical period for spring management.
In the wheat fields in the Xianzhuang area of Huanghua City, Bohai New District, Cangzhou, Hebei, villager Liu Yusuo is fertilizing and suppressing the green wheat under the guidance of agricultural technicians.
Liu Yusuo's family has 25 acres of land, and this year they are planting Jiemai 19, a salt-alkali tolerant and disease-resistant wheat variety that was specially developed for saline-alkali soils.
This type of wheat has been promoted locally for five years, and last year the yield per mu was more than 240 kilograms.
Huanghua City, Bohai New District, Cangzhou, Hebei Province is located on the coast of the Bohai Sea and has a high degree of soil salinization. The city has 1.43 million acres of cultivated land, of which 1.302 million acres are saline-alkali land.
"Spring is white, summer is watery, and no crops are harvested in nine out of ten years." This local folk song is a true portrayal of the salt-alkali land in the past.
In the early years, Liu Yusuo scattered seeds randomly in the ground and relied on heaven to harvest them.
The area of saline-alkali land in my country is about 1.5 billion acres, of which about 500 million acres are available.
What is the strategic significance of the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land?
More people but less land is the basic national condition of our country.
How well cultivated land is used has always been a major issue related to the feeding of more than one billion people.
Therefore, awakening this "sleeping" resource can effectively increase the increase in land and achieve the expansion, quality and efficiency of cultivated land resources.
In 2013, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly launched the "Bohai Granary Science and Technology Demonstration Project" with four provinces (cities) around the Bohai Sea: Hebei, Shandong, Liaoning, and Tianjin. Through multiple water source technologies such as salt water freezing irrigation and brackish water irrigation, Improve soil.
In the summer harvest of 2023, 609,800 acres of wheat will be planted in Huanghua City, with a unit yield of 240.1 kilograms, an increase of 7.9% over 2022. The city's total output is 146,400 tons, an increase of nearly 20% over 2022.
In the autumn of 2023, Huanghua City completed the wheat sowing task of 830,000 acres, 220,000 acres more than the previous year.
It’s still the same 25 acres of land. Liu Yusuo’s family’s income from farming has changed a lot over the years.
This year’s Central Government Document No. 1 focused on ensuring grain production and supply, and clarified the main direction of stabilizing area and increasing yield.
The comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land is an important aspect of farmland protection and improvement. In addition, the implementation of modern standard farmland construction has far-reaching significance for alleviating the shortage of farmland resources and improving comprehensive agricultural production capabilities.
Ensuring grain output and stabilizing sown area are one aspect, and more importantly, increasing grain yield per unit area.
In 2023, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will launch an action to increase the large-area yields of major crops.
At present, wheat in Henan has entered the jointing stage, which is a critical period for preventing wheat sheath blight and spider mites.
Some of villager Liu Gebin's wheat is infected with sheath blight, and the science and technology commissioner is guiding him on prevention and treatment.
Liu Gebin is an expert at growing crops, but this year’s winter wheat is a lot different for him than in previous years.
The first difference is that last year, his family's 100 acres of land was included in the county's wheat yield improvement demonstration area.
The entire yield improvement demonstration area has 100,000 acres of fertile farmland.
The goal is to achieve a yield of more than 700 kilograms per mu, an average increase of more than 100 kilograms per mu, and a cost saving and efficiency increase of more than 200 yuan.
To increase grain yields, soil fertility is the key.
Before sowing wheat last year, Xinxiang thoroughly plowed the farmland and applied more organic fertilizer.
These organic fertilizers come from several newly built local "land power filling stations", which centrally process local agricultural waste and livestock and poultry manure before returning the manure to the fields, which not only reduces the use of chemical fertilizers, but also improves the soil structure.
Before fertilizing, large grain growers can also go to the smart terminal fertilizer distribution station for free soil testing and analysis, and accurately distribute fertilizer based on the test results.
To increase yields and tap the potential of grain production capacity, high-standard farmland construction is the focus.
Starting in 2022, Henan Province will begin planning to build 15 million acres of high-standard farmland demonstration areas in three years. Yuanyang County's high-standard farmland construction standards have been improved, and the drainage system has been further hardened, widened from 1 meter to 4 meters, with enhanced drainage capacity and improved waterlogging prevention. Disaster reduction capabilities have been significantly improved.
For Liu Gebin, the biggest difference is that more and more scientific and technological methods have been used in farming in recent years.
In order to improve disaster prevention and reduction capabilities, a new smart farmland comprehensive service platform will be built in the demonstration fields in 2023.
The Datian monitoring station is equipped with modern agricultural equipment such as insect alarm lamps, meteorological monitoring stations, and soil moisture stations. They transmit information on farmland moisture, seedling conditions, insect conditions and other information in real time to the smart farmland comprehensive service platform, directly connected to agricultural technicians. and farmers’ mobile phones, using technological means to prevent and reduce disasters and protect wheat production.
To increase yield, seeds are the core.
Liu Gebin's family has been growing new varieties of high-yielding wheat in the past two years.
The new variety was cultivated by Zhongyuan Nonggu.
In Zhongyuan Agricultural Valley, 53 national and provincial scientific research institutions and 74 seed industry companies have settled in, forming a seed industry enterprise headquarters base with national and provincial key laboratories as the main body, key platforms and inspection and testing platforms as the support. based innovation system.
Last year, 126 varieties developed here passed the national review of wheat and corn varieties. The continuous flow of new and improved varieties has become an important support for the improvement of local wheat yields.
In addition to winter wheat, another major crop for spring field management in my country is winter rapeseed.
In 2022, my country will begin to implement the soybean and oilseed production capacity improvement project, and the expansion of rapeseed has also become a key content of the No. 1 Document in recent years.
Two freezing rains and snows at the beginning of 2024 caused some frostbite to Fu Xiaojun's rapeseed. Now that the temperature has risen, Fu Xiaojun and the villagers are busy clearing ditches and draining stains to reduce the humidity in the field and promote the recovery of the rapeseed root system.
In 2011, Fu Xiaojun transferred 400 acres of land to grow rapeseed and rice.
At the beginning, Fu Xiaojun's planting technology was not up to par, and the yield of rapeseed was low. In addition, the rapeseed varieties were ordinary and the price was not high. After two years, Fu Xiaojun made no money, so he simply gave up rapeseed and concentrated on growing rice.
Providing free mechanical operations and promoting high-oleic acid rapeseed varieties are actually measures taken by the local government to encourage farmers to grow rapeseed. The high-oleic acid rapeseed variety is a new variety developed by the local government, oil processing companies and Huazhong Agricultural University.
Fu Xiaojun started trying to grow new varieties of rapeseed.
In addition to providing subsidies on the planting side and promoting new varieties with higher added value, the local government also cooperates with oil processing companies to carry out "order planting", that is, the oil processing companies provide seeds of new rape varieties. After farmers plant them, the oil processing companies guarantee Purchasing standard high-oleic acid rapeseed at 1 yuan per catty higher than the market price of ordinary rapeseed, using this method to stabilize the income expectations of farmers.
"Order planting" has allowed the area of high-oleic acid rapeseed varieties in Shayang County to increase from 2,000 acres in 2018 to 220,000 acres now; while the county's rapeseed planting area has expanded from 560,000 acres to 800,000 acres now.
In addition to taking measures to ensure the expansion of rapeseed production and quality improvement, Shayang County is also making a fuss about improving the rapeseed industry chain.
Liu Xiaomei, 51, is a professional beekeeper. For more than 20 years, she and her husband followed the bees as they traveled north and south, chasing flowers and honey.
When she returned to her hometown to visit relatives in 2020, the rapeseed flowers in her hometown were in full bloom. Liu Xiaomei had the idea of returning to her hometown to keep bees, and her relatives and friends also advised the couple to settle down.
Liu Xiaomei took out 120 acres of land and planted new varieties. Unexpectedly, the results of trying it exceeded expectations.
A small rapeseed plant gives Liu Xiaomei three incomes: fresh rapeseeds, honey collected by bees, and finally selling rapeseeds.
The real income made Liu Xiaomei more confident. In the following two years, another 80 acres of land were transferred. Now, her family's rapeseed planting area has reached 460 acres.
At present, spring sowing in my country has begun from south to north.
More than 30% of early rice seedlings have been raised in the south, spring wheat has begun to be sown in the north, and rice seedling raising greenhouses in the northeast are being cleared of snow and are expected to start raising seedlings in early April.
People are diligent and spring is early, and everything is "ploughed" new.
This kind of scene gives us more confidence for this year's harvest.
Recently, the State Council executive meeting discussed and approved the "New Round Action Plan for Increasing Grain Production Capacity (2024-2030)".
The meeting pointed out that in accordance with the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee, we must comprehensively implement a new round of actions to increase the production capacity of 100 billion kilograms of grain, solidly promote the storage of grain in the land and the storage of grain in technology, implement the task of increasing production by variety and the layout of increasing production by region, and plan and implement high standards. We will firmly grasp the initiative in food security through supporting major projects such as farmland construction and seed industry revitalization.
Grain production can only be advanced one crop at a time, one step after another, and we must not relax.
(CCTV News Client)