2024 National Two Sessions Decoding China’s Power Sources
Strengthen the promotion of youth employment and implement policies in detail
Employment is the most basic livelihood.
Employment was mentioned 25 times in this year’s government work report.
Among them, the employment issue of college graduates has always been the focus of attention of the whole society.
The government work report pointed out that it is expected that there will be more than 11.7 million college graduates this year, and policies and measures to promote youth employment should be strengthened and employment and entrepreneurship guidance services should be optimized.
How to broaden employment channels and support young people to start businesses and find employment?
How to implement employment policies?
How to promote a new model of talent training?
During the National Two Sessions, reporters from Beijing Youth Daily interviewed many representatives and offered suggestions on employment issues.
Fang Fuquan, deputy to the National People's Congress
Establish a more tolerant and long-term education evaluation system
Under the severe employment situation, as a university, how can we create conditions for fresh graduates to successfully find employment?
How to deepen the education evaluation system and make universities a fertile ground for cultivating talents for modernization construction?
Fang Fuquan, deputy to the National People's Congress, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and president of Capital Normal University, has established a more tolerant and long-term education evaluation system.
Subject settings
Recruit less and stop recruiting in majors with low employment rates
Employment of college graduates is a major concern for Fang Fuquan, the president of the university.
It is expected that there will be more than 11.7 million college graduates this year.
Fang Fuquan told a reporter from Beiqing Daily that the Ministry of Education has launched a special campaign for university secretaries and principals across the country to visit companies to promote employment. At Capital Normal University, every school leader has visited at least 10 companies to recommend students from their school to the companies, providing Fresh graduates broaden their employment channels.
Whenever it is time to fill in the majors for the college entrance examination, which majors are good for employment and which majors are "sinkhole majors" often triggers heated discussions.
How to solve the employment problem from the perspective of professional admissions?
Fang Fuquan introduced that Beijing has established a "grey list" system for disciplines and majors, and disciplines and majors with an implementation rate of less than 60% will enter the "grey list."
"I think this is a good exploration. For some majors with low employment rates, it may be necessary to reduce recruitment and stop recruitment, and adjust the direction of student training from the source." Fang Fuquan said.
Evaluation system
Less ranking and less evaluation of universities
Fang Fuquan has repeatedly proposed that university education requires "patience" and "calmness", and that making university education more "patient" is inseparable from the reform of the educational evaluation system.
Fang Fuquan told the Beiqing Daily reporter that in recent years, the evaluation of college teachers has shifted from "quantity" to "quality" to evaluate their representative achievements. It can be said that my country's education evaluation system is gradually reforming.
On the other hand, Fang Fuquan believes that education is a broad concept, and the evaluation of education should not just focus on education itself, but a social evaluation, that is, how to evaluate a person, what kind of school he goes to, and what he does. What kind of work and development can be defined as success, "This evaluation mechanism is a chain." Nowadays, in recruitment, it is often required that students graduate from colleges and universities, and non-Qingbei or non-985 colleges and universities will not admit them. Fang Fuquan believes that this should be abolished In this way, the whole society should be more tolerant and diverse in its evaluation of students, universities, and various professions.
For education policy makers, they should give universities as much autonomy as possible, "less rankings, less evaluations, and look at the development of universities from a longer time span and a broader perspective." Fang Fuquan believes that when evaluating a university, The best way to measure the effectiveness of a university is to look at its alumni, how many scientists, entrepreneurs, and politicians who have made significant contributions to society a university has trained over its history, rather than short-term rankings.
speed up cultivation
Beijing’s “bee-like talent” gap reaches 80%
The government work report proposed that we should vigorously promote the construction of a modern industrial system and accelerate the development of new productive forces.
Fang Fuquan, who has been deeply engaged in scientific and technological innovation for a long time, believes that the key to new productivity lies in innovation, and the driving force of innovation lies in talents, who are the main body in realizing productivity.
At the current stage, from technological innovation to the development of new productive forces, our country still has a lot of room for improvement in the implementation and transformation of scientific and technological achievements. A key part of this is the lack of talents.
"We need a large number of 'bee-like talents' who understand both technology and the market and can transform the research and development results of university research institutes into products and bring them to the market." Fang Fuquan said, however, such talents are still relatively scarce at present. According to Silicon Valley's Comparing the data, for Beijing alone, the gap among this group of people is as high as 80%.
How to cultivate and tap "bee-like talents" and accelerate the implementation and transformation of scientific research results?
Fang Fuquan believes that such talents need to have technical background as well as business and market experience.
From the government level, he believes that investment funds should be established to provide more opportunities for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and also to allow "bee-like talents" room to develop.
Text/reporter Zhang Yuemeng
Yang Jinlong, deputy to the National People’s Congress
It is recommended that vocational education promote the order-based training model
Yang Jinlong, a representative of the National People's Congress, a member of the Youth Working Committee of the Central Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party, and deputy dean of the Plastic Painting and Design College of Hangzhou Technician College, has always been concerned about the cultivation of high-skilled talents in vocational colleges.
This year's National Two Sessions, he brought "Recommendations on the Deep Integration of Vocational Education and Industry."
Yang Jinlong said that to cultivate more high-quality technical talents and great craftsmen, we must promote the in-depth integration of industry and education.
Three major problems need to be solved: relieving the bottlenecks in localized training of skilled talents, solving the difficulties of enterprises’ deep participation in talent training, and eliminating the pain points of social treatment of skilled talents.
overall increase
Financial investment in vocational education
In the new era, the job market has put forward new requirements for skilled workers. Yang Jinlong is deeply touched. “Today’s skilled workers and skilled talents are no longer just operators. They must be able to complete their jobs and also have certain innovation capabilities.” , can continuously improve processes and product quality. Nowadays, many equipments are all in English, which requires students to have higher cultural quality."
"Comprehensive and scientific vocational education is the key to cultivating high-quality technical talents." He said.
Yang Jinlong said that under the background of the country’s advocacy of the coordinated development of general higher education and vocational higher education, the ratio of general education to higher education in some areas of our country has reached 7:3 or even 8:2.
"On the road to my country's transformation from a large manufacturing country to a powerful manufacturing country, technical education assumes the important task of providing high-quality skilled talents for economic and social development." He believes that if the proportion of general high school education in a region is too large, not only It will result in the superposition of costs in terms of policy, finance, manpower, time and other aspects required for general high school education to achieve diversified running of schools. It will also cause a "squeeze" in the development space of vocational education (technical education) and further aggravate the structural problems of employment. contradiction.
Yang Jinlong suggested increasing support for vocational colleges (technical schools) and consolidating and expanding the enrollment scale of vocational colleges (technical schools).
In addition, funds and personnel are also important aspects to ensure the healthy development of vocational education.
In recent years, although the government has increased financial funding guarantees for vocational education, it is still far behind standards such as per-student funding for general education. Many policies vocational colleges are unable to enjoy or receive differentiated treatment.
Yang Jinlong suggested that financial investment in vocational education should be increased as a whole, and based on multiple factors such as regional economic growth and residents' income needs, scientifically determine standards such as the proportion of vocational education funding and per-student funding in different regions, and provide support in terms of staffing and other aspects. Provide more supportive policies to actively improve the conditions for running vocational schools.
Promote
Training models such as entrustment type and order type
How do vocational college graduates overcome employment difficulties?
Yang Jinlong believes that this problem should be solved from the "head" - establishing a more scientific talent training model and talent transfer path.
He suggested that we vigorously promote new talent training models such as "entrustment, order and apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics", and deepen the integration of industry and education and school-enterprise cooperation in order to serve the needs of enterprises and improve professional capabilities.
For example, we should enhance cooperation between vocational schools and local governments, focus on key industries and characteristic industries, proactively meet the needs of local enterprises, and improve the matching rate of skilled talent delivery and talent retention ratio.
Effectively improve
Economic treatment of skilled talents
Through research, Yang Jinlong found that the current income gap between my country's industrial technical workers and general managers is still large. "Currently, 40.8% of my country's manufacturing industry workers have an average monthly salary of less than 5,000 yuan."
He suggested that starting from state-owned enterprises, we should take the lead in implementing corresponding salary packages for skilled talents who have passed the corresponding skill level certification, guide enterprises to reflect the skill value orientation in salary distribution, and open up the "employees increase skills, enterprises increase efficiency, and employees increase income" A chain of shared wealth.
In addition, actively carry out benchmarking work for skilled and technical talents, so that skilled talents can enjoy the treatment of corresponding technical talents, truly realize that technicians and senior engineering graduates enjoy the same treatment as undergraduates and college students, and effectively improve the economic treatment, development environment and social status of skilled talents. , attracting more parents and students to choose vocational education.
Text/our reporter Xiong Yingqi
Liu Lin, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
It is recommended to optimize social security for new occupations such as live streaming and delivery of goods
Survey results from the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security show that 67% of college graduates report that it is difficult to find a job, and 23.3% of employers say that recruitment plans are tight. "Difficulty in employment" and "difficulty in recruiting" coexist.
Liu Lin, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and president of Beijing City College, suggested that the accuracy of employment services should be improved and multiple channels for the development of college graduates should be opened.
The contradiction between supply and demand
Making it difficult for college graduates to find jobs
According to official statistics, there will be 11.79 million general and vocational undergraduate and junior college graduates from colleges and universities across the country in 2024, an increase of 210,000 from last year.
Why is it difficult for college graduates to find jobs?
Liu Lin pointed out two reasons: on the one hand, the contradiction between supply and demand is highlighted between the weakening market recruitment demand and the increasing employment demand of graduates.
"We can see that the number of students in high schools and colleges is still growing, and it is predicted that this situation will continue until about 2035. This will lead to an increasing contradiction between the demand for social jobs and the supply and demand of graduates. Prominence." On the other hand, there are contradictions between the subject and major settings of colleges and universities, student ability training and market demand.
"The training model of colleges and universities cannot fully meet the needs of the market. This is also an old problem. However, higher education has its own development rules, including lag. The establishment of majors needs to wait until an industry is relatively mature, plus four years of training. Time, when students become graduates, it is difficult to fully meet market demand." Liu Lin said.
employment security
Incorporate new occupations into the social insurance system
Liu Lin believes that nowadays, with the rise of freelancing jobs such as live streaming and online creation, "more flexible employment methods are sought after by young people and should also be included in career and employment statistics."
Liu Lin also added that in order to make the new profession look more "stable", we should establish a corresponding identity and social insurance system.
"I suggest that corresponding professional identities should be established in the national professional qualification catalog, and these new occupations should be included in the social insurance system in a timely manner, so that individuals can pay for insurance and have a more stable guarantee for career development."
Optimize policy
Reach out to college graduates through multiple channels
The end point of solving the employment problem of college graduates is to find a suitable outlet for them.
Liu Lin’s suggestions include several ways: First, broaden the channels for further study, including domestic and international study.
For example, expand the scale of graduate student enrollment; expand the scope and scale of study abroad funded by the National Study Abroad Fund, recommend more study abroad opportunities, provide public welfare or inclusive study abroad guidance services, and reduce the financial burden on students' families.
Secondly, precise recruitment.
Through research, Liu Lin found that problems such as waste of recruitment information and mismatch of majors due to information asymmetry are still serious.
He suggested establishing a national big data platform to support long-term cooperation between social recruitment service platforms and schools, and encourage high-quality and honest recruitment platforms to settle on campus to provide professional services. At the same time, relevant departments should take the lead in establishing an employment recruitment information exchange platform for college graduates to achieve national Share recruitment information resources, expand sources of effective positions, and improve service quality.
In addition, Liu Lin also suggested using special vocational skills training to provide targeted supplementary training for talents, further cleaning up various hidden employment discriminations, and optimizing safety measures for difficult graduates to solve the problem of graduate employment difficulties.
Text/our reporter Xiong Yingqi
Sun Jie, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
Support young people to start businesses and find employment through e-commerce platforms
Entrepreneurship is an endogenous driving force for sustainable economic and social development and plays an important role in stimulating market vitality and releasing development potential.
Sun Jie, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and deputy dean of the School of Insurance at the University of International Business and Economics, said that e-commerce platform entrepreneurship has the advantages of low capital costs, low investment risks, mature operating conditions, and the gathering of young consumer groups, which can open up new space for young people to start businesses and find employment. .
Entrepreneurial group
Young people are an important category
Sun Jie introduced that data from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security show that in 2023, various types of funds from governments at all levels will directly support employment and entrepreneurship in excess of 300 billion yuan.
Among entrepreneurs, young people, including college graduates, are an important group of entrepreneurs and are the top priority of the national entrepreneurship and employment policy.
Emerging jobs
E-commerce expands space for youth entrepreneurship and employment
E-commerce platforms have greatly expanded the space for youth entrepreneurship and employment, created a large number of emerging jobs, and injected strong impetus into employment growth.
In Sun Jie’s view, the rich product categories on the e-commerce platform represent broad entrepreneurial and employment opportunities.
It provides a "long-tail market" for niche hobby groups, allowing consumer needs with the same interests and hobbies but scattered in different regions to be gathered on the platform, thereby creating a niche market that can generate large-scale returns for entrepreneurs, such as , young people who are passionate about emotional value have spawned new commodity forms "healing economy" unique industries, such as "emotional tree hole", "good luck spray", "scold the love brain", "virtual mosquito", "Einstein's brain", etc. There are more and more emotional products that can be purchased for a few cents or a few yuan, becoming a new direction for young people to start their own businesses and find employment.
School-enterprise cooperation
Multi-party cooperation, industry-education integration
Sun Jie suggested supporting the development of start-up enterprises by promoting consumption and tax incentives.
Introduce policies and measures to encourage and support online consumption and continue to open up space for entrepreneurship.
The government's financial department provides support measures such as low-interest loans and tax incentives to small and micro online stores on the platform.
Encourage school-enterprise cooperation, explore effective cooperation models between e-commerce platforms and youth entrepreneurship, and promote and replicate them according to local conditions.
Promote the "industrial cluster + platform + university" model and improve the success rate of entrepreneurship through "workplace-oriented education".
Encourage universities to cooperate with e-commerce platforms and industrial clusters to integrate industry and education, give full play to the advantages of talents in universities, platform resources, and industry chain advantages of industrial clusters, and guide college students to enter practice from campus and truly apply what they have learned.
Propaganda typical
Guide young people to change their employment concepts
In addition, it is necessary to increase the publicity of typical cases of youth entrepreneurship and employment on e-commerce platforms, and correctly view entrepreneurship and employment on e-commerce platforms.
Further explore typical cases of youth entrepreneurship and employment on e-commerce platforms, and cultivate new forms, new occupations, and new positions for platform entrepreneurship and employment.
Actively guide young people to change their employment concepts and cultivate young people's new outlook on career choice and employment in the digital economy era.
Text/reporter Dong Xin