From a country with large population resources to a strong country in human capital (high-quality population development supports Chinese-style modernization (7))
At present, China is in a critical period of transformation from a country with large population resources to a country with strong human capital. How to correctly understand the urgency and importance of high-quality population development? How to support China's modernization with high-quality population development? A few days ago, the reporter interviewed Lu Jiehua, professor of the Department of Sociology of Peking University and vice president of the Chinese Mouth Society.
Q: Why actively promote high-quality population development?
A: We need to aim at high-quality population development, respond to potential risks and challenges brought about by demographic changes ahead of time, and provide strong talent support for modernization.
Promote the release of population scale advantages with the overall quality of the population. The size of China's economy largely benefits from the size of the population, and the current potential energy of China's total population has not been fully released. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the full play of population numerical advantages with high-quality population development and help further upgrade economic development from large to high per capita.
Promote coordinated regional development with human capital optimization. A virtuous circle between regional human capital advantages and economic development is an important guarantee for realizing Chinese-style modernization. At present, the situation of uneven distribution of regional economic development and human resources still exists. Promoting the balanced distribution of human capital in spatial areas can optimize economic layout and promote coordinated development.
Take industrial upgrading as an opportunity to help release production efficiency. Promoting the high-quality development of the population can reduce the lag of labor flow between industries and promote the further release of production efficiency.
Q: What is the main connotation of high-quality population development?
A: The connotation of high-quality population development is very rich, and the key elements are to improve the overall quality of the population, accelerate the shift from the dividend of population size to the dividend of population quality and population quality, and promote China's transformation from a country with large population resources to a country with strong human capital.
Stabilize the total. Stabilizing the total population refers to maintaining an appropriate and controllable population growth rate through reasonable population policies and measures within a certain period of time, so that the total population remains relatively stable. The total population needs to be stabilized through reasonable fertility levels.
Balanced structure. Balanced population structure means that in a certain area, the proportion of population of different ages, genders and other population remains relatively reasonable. A balanced population structure is of great significance for sustainable socio-economic development and long-term national stability. On the one hand, promote a reasonable balance in the age structure of the population, maintain the fertility rate and mortality rate at a reasonable level, and realize a smooth transition to the age structure. On the other hand, it coordinates the reasonable balance of the sex ratio of the population, and the balanced population structure also includes a reasonable sex ratio, that is, the proportion of male and female population has reached a relatively balanced state.
Improve quality. The connotation of improving the quality of the population refers to promoting the improvement of the scientific and cultural quality, health level, ideological and moral quality of the population in all aspects through education, training and other means.
Optimize the layout. Optimizing population distribution refers to adjusting and improving the distribution pattern of population in geographical space and industrial structure, and adjusting population density according to the resource endowment and environmental carrying capacity of different regions, so as to make it more reasonable, balanced and sustainable.
Q: What is the focus of promoting high-quality population development?
A: High-quality population development in the new era is a comprehensive, long-term and complex process, and it is necessary to explore supporting Chinese-style modernization with high-quality population development based on the ideas of comprehensive policies, coordinated promotion, focusing on key factors, balanced development, updating concepts and forming consensus.
Improve the level of medical services and improve the overall health of the population. Establish and improve the medical insurance system to balance the differences in medical resources between regions. The improvement of the level of medical services will help provide timely and effective health management and treatment, improve the health literacy of the population, and enhance the quality of the labor force.
Vigorously develop education and promote the improvement of the quality of the population. Vigorously develop vocational education, accelerate the cultivation of technical personnel, update the direction of vocational training, and build a skill-based society. In addition, we should also promote the docking of higher education with the needs of the labor market, promote scientific and technological innovation with education, strengthen the construction of a strong country through education, and implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education. Pay attention to ideological and moral education, improve the moral quality of the population, and maintain social order.
Build a childbirth-friendly society and promote long-term balanced population development. Continue to pay attention to the implementation effect of the birth policy, and actively promote the transformation and continuation of the birth policy. Improve the birth security system, explore a flexible birth allowance system, formulate diversified and differentiated preferential programs, and increase fertility enthusiasm. Effectively reduce the pressure on childbirth and childcare, promote the socialization of family care responsibilities, develop and improve the inclusive childcare service system, support the establishment of social childcare institutions, and promote the construction of maternal and infant facilities.
Improve the social old-age service system to meet the needs of the elderly. To comprehensively reduce the burden of social old-age care and respond to the risks and challenges of demographic transformation, a social old-age service system shall be established and improved. Attach importance to giving play to the role of the market in the field of elderly care, alleviate the pressure of public services for the elderly, broaden the channels of elderly care services, and develop diversified elderly care service supply.
To achieve high-quality population development, it is also necessary to pay attention to the comprehensive consideration of various factors and balance the distribution of various resources and factors in the process of promoting regional development, so as to achieve balanced development in economic, social and environmental aspects and promote overall sustainable development.
(People's Daily reporter Bai Jianfeng)