"The decisions taken by Russian President Vladimir Putin and the President of the People's Republic of China have identified strategic guidelines for increasing cooperation in eight priority areas," RIA Novosti quoted Mishustin as saying at a meeting with Chinese Premier Li Qiang.
He noted that relations between the countries are at an "unprecedentedly high level."
The Prime Minister added that the parties are striving to jointly respond to new challenges.
Earlier it was reported that Mishustin arrived in Beijing, where he will meet with Chinese President Xi Jinping.
This is Mishustin's first official visit to China as Prime Minister of Russia.
The head of VTB, Andrei Kostin, said that Russian banks need to be connected to the Chinese analogue of SWIFT - the CIPS international bank transfer system.
He pointed to a sharp increase of more than 200% in cross-border payments between Russia and China in the last quarter of this year.