Beijing, May 5 (Reporter Sun Zifa) May 22 is the "International Day of Biological Diversity", the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Academy of Sciences) officially released the "5 edition of the Chinese Biological Species Directory" online in Beijing on the same day, this latest version of the list includes a total of 22 species and subspecific units, including 2023 species and 148674,135061 subspecies units.
Compared with the 2023 edition, the 2022 edition of the Catalogue of Biological Species of China adds 10027,354 species and 1476 subspecific units, including 10,351 species and 24 subspecific units in the animal kingdom, 8202 species and 320 subspecific units in the plant kingdom, and 2023,<> species and <> subspecific units in the fungal kingdom. The fungal kingdom also became the taxa with the largest number of new species in the <> edition.
Chart of changes in data volume of "Catalogue of Biological Species of China" over the years. Photo courtesy of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Users around the world are free to download and use
The Biodiversity Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly hosted the press conference to introduce the main contents of the 2023 edition of the Catalogue of Biological Species of China in detail:
In the animal section, the 2023 edition of the list includes a total of 69658 species and subspecific units, including 65362 species and 4296 subspecific units, belonging to 18 phyla, 52 orders, 242 orders, 1847 families and 13861 genera. Among them, there are 694 species of mammals, 1445 species of birds, 626 species of reptiles, 629 species of amphibians, 5082 species of fish, and 56886 species of insects and other invertebrates.
For the plant part, the 2023 edition of the list includes a total of 47100 species and subspecific units, including 39539 species and 7561 subspecific units, belonging to 6 phyla, 17 orders, 149 genera, 542 families and 4509 genera. Among them, there are 35714 species of vascular plants, and 3130 species of hornwort, true moss and diqian phylum.
For fungi, the 2023 edition of the list includes a total of 25695 species and subspecific units, including 24571 species and 1124 subspecific units, belonging to 10 phyla, 51 orders, 184 orders, 570 families and 2997 genera. Among them, there are 10322 species of basidiomycetes, 13384 species of ascomycetes, and 865 species of other fungi.
In addition, the 2023 edition of the list also includes: 2566 species and subspecific units in the protozoa, 2381 species and subspecific units in the pigment kingdom, 469 species and subspecific units in the bacterial kingdom, and 805 species and subspecific units in the virus kingdom.
The Biodiversity Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences said that the newly released "2023 version of the Chinese Biological Species Directory" can be freely downloaded and used by global users who can log in to "http://www.sp2000.org.cn". At the same time, in order to promote the application of big data and artificial intelligence in the field of biodiversity, the CAS team also completed the standardized semantic association of the "Chinese Biological Species Catalogue 2023 Edition", and shared and released it simultaneously with OpenCSDB (http://semweb.csdb.cn/) and the international open data cloud platform LOD-Cloud (https://lod-cloud.net/). It has become an authoritative data resource for China's biological field to officially settle in the international associated open data platform. The semantic list released this time not only provides standardized basic data support for the semantic association of biological science data in China, but also provides important basic application service support for global biological resource utilization, biodiversity scientific research innovation and knowledge discovery.
China is the only country that releases it every year
Biodiversity is an important foundation for sustainable human development, and the list of biological species is the basic data reflecting the richness of biodiversity resources in a country or region.
In order to find out the background of China's biodiversity, scientifically answer China's question "How many species are there and what species?" Since 2008, the Biodiversity Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has organized more than 300 experts to comprehensively and systematically collect and sort out the published data of Chinese biological species, and taxonomic experts have verified and confirmed each piece of data, and finally compiled into the "Catalogue of Biological Species of China", which is released in the form of an annual list every year.
The 2023 edition of the directory is led by the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and jointly completed by experts from the Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chengdu Institute of Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Institute of Oceanography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
According to reports, China is the only country that publishes a list of biological species every year. The Chinese Catalogue of Biological Species has been widely adopted since its publication. Since the launch of the new website in 2018, the total number of downloads of the directory has exceeded 8.8TB, the online species page has been visited more than 1200 million times, and it has been cited more than 800 times by Chinese and foreign journal articles and monographs.
Newly published species in China and abroad in 2022
At the press conference of the 2023 edition of the Catalogue of Biological Species of China, representatives of several research institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences also introduced the relevant situation of newly published species in China and the world in 2022.
——In 2022, 117 new vertebrate species will be added to China, belonging to 17 orders, 43 families and 70 genera. These new species include 97 new species, 17 new records, and 3 subspecies upgraded to the species level. The new species involved 27 provinces, including 37 species in Yunnan, 19 species in Tibet, 14 species in Guangxi and Guangdong, and 10 species in Sichuan, accounting for about 73% of the total number of new species.
——New taxa for 2022 orders (except Hymenoptera) including Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, and Orthoptera published in 32. In 2022, a total of 1106 new insect taxonomic units were published in China, including 1 new family, 28 new genera, 8 new subgenra, 1069 new species and subspecies elements. Yunnan Province is a hotspot for new species discovery in China, accounting for 28% of the country's new species.
——In 2022, 341 scholars from all over the world published 83 new genera and 1097 new species of spiders, of which Chinese scholars published 13 new genera and 28 new species in 411 countries including China and Myanmar. The contribution rate of the new taxa published by Chinese scholars in 2022 reached 37% to the world, higher than the 2021% in 33 and the average contribution rate of 2016% from 2020 to 28.
——In 2022, a total of 9 new plant genera, 278 new species, 19 new taxa, 5 new record genera and 51 new record species were published in China, and 4 species that had not been seen for many years were rediscovered. Among the new species, there were 235 angiosperms, 1 gymnosperm, 33 ferns and lycopods, and 9 bryophytes. Families with a high concentration of new species include Boragaceae (27 species), Orchidaceae (22 species), and Asteraceae (17 species). Of the 51 newly recorded species, 48 were angiosperms and 3 were bryophytes.
——In 2022, 2017 scholars from all over the world published a total of 166 new taxa of vascular plants in 15 journals and 2589 monographs, including 81 new genera, 7 new subgenera, 2263 new species, and 45 new subspecies. The total number of new taxa published this year increased by approximately 2021% compared to 2219 (17,2300). Among the newly published new species and planting units, there were 86 phylums of angiosperms, 10 phylums of ferns, and 271 phylums of gymnosperms, of which orchidaceae had the most, a total of 2022. The new species and subspecies units published in 110 come from 980 countries and regions around the world. Asia and South America are hotspots for new species and subspecies unit discoveries, with 577 and 2022 discoveries, respectively. China, Brazil and Australia were the top three countries that contributed the most new species and units of vascular plants in 443, with 256, 130 and <> units, respectively.
——In 2022, a total of 4679,4 new fungus names were published worldwide, including 25 new orders, 271 new families, 2664 new genera and subordinate units, 3,100 new species, 14 new subspecies, 1 new varieties, 1433 new variants and 164 new specialized type. In addition, there are 519 new combinations and 1814 other names. Eastern and southern Asia, represented by China and Thailand, are the hottest spots for the discovery of new species. 38 Chinese scholars participated in the publication of 77 new fungus names, accounting for <>.<>% of the global total, which is the largest number of new fungus names published by Chinese scholars in history and the highest contribution rate in the world.
At the end of the press conference, Ma Ping, deputy director and secretary general of the Biodiversity Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and researcher of the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, introduced the "Report on the State of China's Biodiversity 2021-2022", saying that the report reflects China's efforts and achievements in protecting biodiversity, and its main contents cover species, genetic and ecosystem diversity, in situ conservation and ex situ conservation of biodiversity, ecosystem restoration, biodiversity threat factors, and institutional mechanisms, laws and regulations, Social participation and platform construction provide guarantees for biodiversity conservation. The report will actively promote social attention and participate in and support the cause of biodiversity conservation. (End)