Storing Grain in Technology China's achievements in agricultural science and technology have continuously made breakthroughs

Agricultural scientific and technological innovation achievements continue to make breakthroughs, and the overall technical level has entered the world's first square

Hide food in technology

In early summer and May, it is a good season for "light breeze to shake fine wheat, shallow water to produce new seedlings", inside and outside the Great Wall, north and south of the river, agricultural production presents a busy scene. A strong country must first strengthen the peasants, and only by strengthening the peasants can the country be strong. An agricultural power is the foundation of a modern socialist power, and building an agricultural power cannot be separated from the important support of science and technology. The first meeting of the 5th Central Financial and Economic Commission held on May 5 emphasized: "We must pay more attention to storing grain in technology, and break through the restrictions on agricultural production imposed by natural conditions such as cultivated land." "The latest data shows that in recent years, China's agricultural science and technology innovation achievements have continued to make breakthroughs. The overall level of agricultural science and technology has crossed from the world's second square to the first square, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of cultivation and harvest of all major food crops has exceeded 80%.

Digital agriculture has changed traditional farming models and is more efficient and low-carbon

In the south of the Jiangnan after the beginning of summer, the wind is warm and the days are long. Located in Xitang Town, Jiashan County, Zhejiang Province, the first low-carbon smart demonstration field in the Yangtze River Delta region jointly built by Zhejiang Agricultural Group and Alibaba Cloud, 400 mu of wheat is in the filling period.

As soon as he went to work on May 5, Yin Zheng, project manager of Alibaba Cloud Computing Co., Ltd., opened the "Xiangfudang Rice Field Digital Twin Platform" and clicked to check the wheat pest situation 9 kilometers away. Specific information such as weather facts, agricultural statistics, alarms and warnings, and growth records are displayed on the screen.

Based on the three-dimensional scene of the rice field geographic information system, Xiangfudang rice field digital twin platform comprehensively perceptually interconnects and digital twins farm, crop, environment, planting and other information through software and hardware integration and artificial intelligence services, precipitates production and operation data, and realizes remote monitoring and operation of rice fields through intelligent hardware equipment such as digital model accurate control and monitoring, irrigation and drainage system.

After entering the platform interface, in the identification of each device, select the intelligent detection light of agricultural pests set on the field ridge around the field, and click to view the pest situation captured according to the analysis of cutting-edge image recognition processing technology. Through the knowledge graph technology, the platform confirms and extracts the characteristics of pests, and performs monitoring and intelligent diagnosis of pests. Based on the diagnosis results, we then reduced the total amount of pesticides applied to the field from the source while ensuring the yield of wheat. Yin Zheng introduced.

The wisdom doesn't stop there. In order to reduce energy consumption and the amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the cultivation of wheat, rice and other food crops, this farmland is "equipped" with about 150 sets of equipment, including gas emission online monitoring station, soil moisture station, multi-parameter professional weather station, drainage gate, inlet valve, water level meter, etc., each set of equipment is connected to the platform, as long as you move your fingers on a mobile phone or computer, you can realize intelligent control of multiple scenarios.

The farm's UAV collects low-carbon operation data through spectral recognition, and there will be detailed various types of analysis data on each field, which can realize differentiated data collection of grain growth through spectral analysis, and guide precise fertilization in a minimum of 6 square meters by relying on the digital model of variable fertilization. At the same time, according to the big data operation instructions, the drone can carry out automatic cruise and precise fertilization through Beidou navigation and digital model.

"Our equipment can observe the microclimate of farmland in real time, providing observations of temperature and humidity, precipitation, water quality, greenhouse gas emissions and other data, which will be collected into the platform." Alibaba Cloud engineer Shi Tongxin introduced that the platform also integrates three online automatic detection systems of water, gas and soil, and the "cloud digital" system guides the cultivation of wheat, rice and other grains.

According to the agricultural time node, in more than a month, this farmland will be planted with rice, how to use the platform to irrigate rice? "We developed a two-way sensor based on rice growth and soil level by building a model that synchronizes rice fertility and irrigation, and a rice growth model based on neural networks." Wang Danying, deputy director of the Rice Research and Development Center of the China Rice Research Institute, said that the rice field digital twin platform can accurately "mobilize" each rice field, check its water level and accurately irrigate and drain.

In the past, irrigation of 400 mu of rice fields required at least four male workers to patrol the field and manually operate the waterproofing, but now only need to set the corresponding water level standard according to the rice growth stage, and the platform can issue instructions to automatically adjust the water entry and exit of each field. At present, the average mu water consumption of the smart demonstration field has been reduced from about 400 square meters to 230~240 square meters.

"We take models such as grain growth and precise irrigation and drainage as the brain, water and gas exploration and soil exploration equipment as clairvoyance, centimeter-level high-precision positioning as the tailwind ear relying on Beidou navigation technology, and electric valves, automatic gates, unmanned agricultural machinery and other operating systems as manipulators, truly achieving 'digital farming'." Yin Zheng said proudly.

Digital technology has not only changed traditional cultivation patterns, but also brought tangible benefits. After the implementation of the demonstration field project, 400 mu of core farmland and more than 4000,130 mu of radiation farmland have been built, with an average income of about 40 yuan per mu and an annual income of more than <>,<> yuan.

With "golden seeds", farmers not only spend less money, but also produce more grain

On May 5, the Golden Seed Distribution Store in Jun County, Henan Province was full of growers who came to consult with the seeds. Sun Guoquan, a villager in Chen Village, Shandang Town, carefully understood and purchased a high-oleic peanut called "Yuhua No. 9". "Last year, I contracted my family's land to others to grow high oleic acid peanuts, saying that not only the seedlings emerge quickly, the disease resistance is strong, the yield is high, and the purchase price is also higher than the market. This year I simply took back the land and planned to grow this variety myself. ”

Henan is the largest province in peanut cultivation, and Shandang Town, Jun County, is located in the old road of the Yellow River in northern Yubei, and has a long history of peanut cultivation. In 2023, the Central Document No. 37 proposed to further promote the soybean and oil production capacity improvement project. In order to improve the quality and yield of peanuts, Shantang Town combined with local ecological characteristics and used molecular marker technology to cultivate a new variety of high oleic acid peanuts called "Yuhua No. 79", which has a peanut oleic acid content of 2.79%~5.37%, which meets the export requirements. In just a few years, the high oleic acid peanuts represented by "Yuhua No. <>" have been widely promoted in Jun County, and green high-quality and efficient demonstration bases of high oleic acid peanuts have been built, and supporting technologies such as whole seedling cultivation, reasonable dense planting, and balanced fertilization to promote peanut production towards high quality and efficiency.

It is said that seeds are the chips of agriculture, good seeds produce good food, and excellent seeds are the key to high crop yields. Not only peanuts, Hebi City, as a major grain producing city in Henan Province, has cultivated a number of major grain crops and oil crops in recent years, focusing on the selection and breeding of improved seeds. On May 5, the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Henan Province publicly promoted 4 leading corn varieties in the province, including 11 corn varieties "Yongyou 2" and "Jundan 1573" selected and bred by the Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Wang Xiaoxing, vice president and associate researcher of Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, told reporters that "Jundan 1618" is an excellent variety cultivated by the green and efficient corn research group of the Municipal Academy of Agricultural Sciences for seven years.

Crop breeding is a delicate work, don't look at the Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences in the past ten years to cultivate dozens of successful seeds, but in fact, behind each success, there are hundreds of failures, thousands of failures. "Seed selection is the most testing test of human patience, because 99% of the time in the cultivation of a good variety fails." Wang Xiaoxing said, "But failure is also valuable, we use the information feedback in the failure process to identify which breed of parents and traits are better, and then aggregate these good traits together, select the best of the best, and carry out the next round of improvement and adjustment." ”

According to reports, in order to increase the probability of success, Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences strives to improve the whole process through technical means, and improve the accuracy of various links through informatization and digital technical means. "For example, although the seeds are not much different in appearance, the genetic information of different types and combinations is different, so we need to label each breeding material and combination in the breeding process. In the past, these labels were manually updated by staff, which was prone to errors. Now we all change to the computer system to issue a QR code, which is equivalent to stamping each bag of seeds with an ID card, as long as the QR code is scanned, the seed from the field harvest to the laboratory through the links are clear. Wang Xiaoxing said that in recent years, the state has attached great importance to the selection and breeding work, and more and more "golden seeds" have appeared, allowing farmers to spend less money and get more grain. "Now the development of improved seed technology has made the contribution of seeds to production more and more. Take corn, the main grain crop in Henan Province, ten years ago, the yield of 800 kilograms per acre was a high yield, and records of more than 1000,1000 kilograms were extremely rare. But now it is very common to have seven or eight hundred kilograms of corn per mu of land, and the yield of <>,<> kilograms has also increased significantly, and the yield has a trend of increasing year by year. ”

Intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment to create an unmanned "rice field factory"

During the busy agricultural season, farmers cannot be seen in the rice fields of the unmanned farm in Xinyang Village, Gaotangyu Street, Wangcheng District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, replaced by modern agricultural machinery busy in the fields. Xiao Ding, the head of the farm, proudly introduced: "This is the first fully unmanned mechanized double-cropping rice unmanned farm demonstration park in China that we created in 2021. Relying on modern agricultural machinery equipment and Beidou positioning and computer management system behind it, the farm's farming, planting, management and harvesting links have been mechanized, and the crop production process has realized real-time full monitoring and intelligent decision-making and precise operation. ”

Unmanned rotary cultivators, unmanned tractors, unmanned harvesters, unmanned sprayers... In the unmanned farm demonstration park, all kinds of high-tech equipment have a clear division of labor, showing the scientific and technological style: the Beidou rotary cultivator is responsible for ploughing, and can move forward by itself according to the design route and walk accurately and straightly; The transplanter, rice thrower, and spreading aircraft are responsible for the planting link, and the operation is both accurate and efficient; Unmanned sprayers and helicopters are responsible for applying pesticides and fertilizers, and video monitoring equipment has a "golden eye of fire", and the seedlings, insects, and geographical conditions are all under control; When the harvest season comes, unmanned harvesters and unmanned grain trucks work hand in hand to automatically load and unload, and can harvest more than 60 acres of rice fields in a day.

As a new generation of farmers, Xiao Ding after 80 has the dream of a "rice field factory", in which farmers can farm and manage land as long as they sit at home, and the field not only has various mechanized equipment, but also intelligent systems. Nowadays, with the step-by-step construction of the unmanned farm demonstration park, Xiao Ding's dream of "rice field factory" is gradually becoming a reality. According to Xiao Ding, the unmanned farm includes four major construction contents, such as high-standard farmland, intelligent agricultural machinery, intelligent irrigation, and accurate monitoring system for agricultural conditions, and the rice field adopts the rice seeds of Academician Yuan Longping's team, and selects advanced agricultural machinery equipment from well-known agricultural machinery manufacturers. Through the comprehensive use of various technologies, the farm has saved more than 20% of irrigation water, saved 30% of fertilizer input, reduced pesticide input by 30%, reduced field labor by more than 70%, increased yield by more than 10% in the core demonstration area, and increased overall efficiency by more than 20%.

"In the past, a person with a cow could plow up to two acres a day and cultivate 200 acres of rice fields, which required at least 20 people, but now only two or three people are enough." Xiao Ding said that unmanned farms are not only pursuing more quantity, but more importantly, greener planting methods. In the past, most of the southern rice planting in the fertilization process was manually scattered and fertilized, and chemical fertilizer could only stay on the surface, which not only had low utilization rate but also was easy to lose, and then polluted the environment. This pollution is one of the main causes of agricultural non-point source pollution. Today, in unmanned farms, drones and other equipment can carry out precise fertilization, reducing the waste and pollution of many fertilizers. In addition, unmanned farms have also built intelligent irrigation systems, implementing drainage and irrigation separation and intelligent control. The system can carry out refined irrigation based on meteorological and other conditions, combined with the growth period of crops, reduce water transmission loss, and further improve the utilization rate of water resources.

In 2020, Xiao Ding, as a representative of large grain farmers, participated in the grassroots representative forum chaired by General Secretary Xi Jinping in Changsha. Several years have passed, and with General Secretary Xi Jinping's instructions, Xiao Ding continues to fight for his dream in the green rice fields.

Today, the rice seedlings of unmanned farms are growing well, and the plant height has increased significantly compared with the same period last year, and the green seedlings herald a new round of harvest. (Reporter Wang Yajing Source: China Discipline Inspection and Supervision Daily)