Ensuring food security from a high starting point: spring plowing has a good start and a bumper harvest is sufficient

Spring plowing has a good start and a bumper harvest (spring plowing exploration and high starting point to ensure food security)

Core reading

Food security is the "great of the nation". When participating in the deliberations of the Jiangsu delegation to the first session of the 14th National People's Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that it is necessary to strictly abide by the red line of cultivated land, stabilize the sown area of grain, strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland, and effectively ensure the stable and safe supply of grain and important agricultural products.

China's grain output has stood at 8.1 trillion jin for eight consecutive years. In the face of complicated domestic and international situations, it is of great significance to consolidate the foundation of food security in an all-round way from a high starting point. How to implement the measures to stabilize the area, how to continue to exert scientific and technological support, and how to further improve the agricultural support and protection system? During the spring plowing season, our reporter went deep into the front line of grain production to explore the answer in the fields.

Measures to stabilize and increase production have been implemented, and the grain planting policy has been further supported

Baijing Family Farm in Shuanghe Town, Queshan County, Henan Province, 1100,<> mu of high-quality wheat is full of vitality, and wheat seedlings sway in the wind. In the wheat field, agricultural technology experts are busy looking at seedlings, measuring moisture, and guiding villagers to manage the field scientifically.

"This year's spring plowing, county agricultural technology experts came here to carry out technical guidance, and the heart of growing grain is more confident." Bai Jing, the head of the farm, said, "The expert team is stationed in the village to guide what seeds to choose, what fertilizer to use, and what medicine to use for diseases and pests, and this year's steamed buns will definitely eat more fragrant." ”

During the spring equinox, wheat in Queshan County begins to pluck joints and enter the peak growing season. As a major grain-producing area, the sown area of wheat in Queshan County this year reached 91,<> mu. In order to consolidate the foundation for stable production and income increase, the county carried out the action of scientific and technological personnel to package the village science and technology service, and the agricultural technology team went deep into the field to deliver services.

In the past few days, Ma Yinhua, senior agronomist of the Qiaoshan County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, led a small team to stay in Shuanghe Town to explain the knowledge of wheat field management to the villagers. Ma Yinhua said that this year, the county has invested more than 900 million yuan in special funds to carry out the work of "one spray and three prevention" of wheat, and the unified prevention and control of the whole country.

The reporter learned from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs that this year's summer grain production base is relatively good, and the sown area of winter wheat is 3 million mu, and the current growth is better than usual. Experts expect that the temperature in the north will be high this spring, and there may be a local spring drought. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with relevant departments, has issued a plan for drought and cold prevention and spring management, timely implemented measures such as watering and seedlings, and continued to do a good job in unified prevention and control and emergency prevention and control, so as to minimize disaster losses.

For wheat to be productive, management is key. "From cultivation to harvest, there is no sloppiness in any link of wheat." Ma Yinhua said that the county has carried out more than 800 field technical services, carried out 50,45 mu of field topdressing, 60,98 mu of chemical weeding, and <>,<> mu of disease and pest control. Ma Yinhua squatted in the wheat field, stroking the wheat seedlings, his eyes full of joy, "Look at the current seedling situation, the first and second types of seedlings can account for more than <>%. ”

The area of spring sown grain accounts for more than half of the year, and rice transplanting is an important link. "Open the seedling door, plant the seedlings!" A few days ago, Zhuanlongwan Village, Baimi Town, Hejiang County, Sichuan Province, was busy, and the villagers unveiled the rice film, pulled up the seedlings, transplanters and drones appeared in turn to transplant rice seedlings.

Baimi Town has a low altitude, high temperature and early spring opening, which is an area where Sichuan rice seedling and spring plowing production are early. Wan Youcheng, agronomist of Hejiang County Agriculture and Rural Bureau, said that this year, the county has vigorously promoted dry rice seedlings, and plans to promote dry-fed seedlings and set up demonstration sites in 2/3 of townships and towns. ”

Looking at the fertile fields, early rice seedling cultivation in the south has entered a peak, winter wheat and spring field management are pressing stubble, and spring plowing production in various places has started well. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs demanded that we should pay close attention to spring management and spring plowing, do everything possible to implement the spring sowing area, give full play to the role of expert groups, scientific and technological detachments, and agricultural technicians in accordance with the arrangements of the working mechanism of wrapping flakes in the province, and guide the implementation of key measures such as "one spray and three preventions" for wheat and "one promotion and four prevention" for rapeseed to ensure that summer grain and oil production is off to a good start.

Farmland raises standards, and services can keep up, so that good land can produce more "bumper harvest grain"

After the spring rains, busy ploughing the fields. At the construction site of the high-standard farmland project in Longtai Town, Zhongjiang County, Deyang City, Sichuan Province, more than 40 excavators waved their arms, more than 100 workers rushed to grasp the construction progress, and land consolidation, ditch construction and other projects were carried out in an orderly manner...

"With hard work, the project will be successfully completed by the end of April." Ji Guozhong, director of the Longtai Town Rural Revitalization Service Center, said that after the completion of the project, it will form high-standard farmland with connected roads, canals, drought energy irrigation, and waterlogging energy drainage, driving food production to improve quality and efficiency.

At present, all parts of Deyang are seizing the golden period of high-standard farmland construction, inverted construction period, wall chart operations, accelerating the progress of project construction and greatly shortening the construction period. Up to now, the city has built 14,2 mu of high-standard farmland this year, with 81% of the construction progress, and strive to complete it fully by the end of May.

This year's Central Document No. 4500 proposed to strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs proposed that this year ensure the completion of the annual tasks of building 3500 million mu and upgrading <> million mu, making up for shortcomings such as soil improvement and field irrigation and drainage facilities, and making overall plans to promote the construction of high-efficiency water-saving and water-fertilizer integrated facilities.

High-standard farmland is built into a piece. In the fields of Deyang City, golden rape flowers and heavy ears of wheat are reflected together. The 10,000 mu continuous rape flower sea in the grain and oil modern agricultural park in Jingyang District attracts tourists to come to enjoy the flowers. Walking through the fields, the road is wide and straight, and meteorological monitoring equipment and drainage and irrigation systems can be seen everywhere on the edge of the field.

"In the past, it was difficult for agricultural machinery to make a bend everywhere. Now it has been transformed into high-standard farmland, watering the land is easy, mechanized operations, and the cost has dropped a lot. Zhou Fengmu, head of Jinsen Family Farm, said that through the rotation of rapeseed and rice, the benefits have been greatly improved.

Jingyang Grain and Oil Modern Agricultural Park has comprehensively improved the infrastructure conditions of cultivated land, providing a stage for new business entities to take root in grain and oil production. In the past three years, the financial authorities at all levels have invested a total of 3 million yuan, of which more than 3.4% is invested in farmland infrastructure construction, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of cultivation and harvesting of major crops has reached more than 97%. In the rape field, Zhou Fengmu is checking the growth of rape, this year he planted 8 mu of rape, using a new variety "Oil Research 96", it is expected that the highest mu yield can reach 600 kg, mu output value of about 2020,150 yuan.

In Jinhua Village, Lianshan Town, Guanghan City, a square wheat field could not be seen at a glance, a row of drones soared into the air, and a stream of medicinal mist sprayed from under the machine and sprinkled on the green wheat seedlings. "Build good fields, and farm services must keep up." Yang Ping, a major grain farmer, led the establishment of a cooperative to provide villagers with services throughout the process of planting, management and harvesting. "Last year, 20,90 mu of arable land were served. Planting alone can save <> yuan per mu of land. Yang Ping said.

From a nationwide perspective, the scale of high-standard farmland construction has continued to expand and the layout has been continuously optimized, and by the end of 2022, a total of 10 billion mu of high-standard farmland has been built, and more than 1 trillion jin of grain production capacity has been stably guaranteed. Since this year, China has comprehensively carried out the transformation and upgrading of high-standard farmland that has been built. By 2030, the country will transform and upgrade 2 million mu of high-standard farmland to promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas with infrastructure modernization.

Rice bowls are served together, responsibilities are shouldered together, and multiple measures are taken to increase food production capacity

In the spring light, the heavy farmers in Xin'an Town, Huazhou City, Guangdong Province, took resolute action to grasp grain. In the demonstration field of re-cultivation and replanting, one by one transplanters carry the seedlings slowly forward, and a new green is broadcast behind them... Kong Lingchen, head of the Guangdong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in Xin'an Town, said that the task force regards the restoration of wasteland as a key task to consolidate the foundation of food security in an all-round way.

"Most of the local wasteland is concentrated in mountainous areas with poor infrastructure, which is mostly caused by the lack of labor and poor facilities." Kong Lingchen's on-site visit found that it was inconvenient to cultivate the plots piecemeal, young and middle-aged laborers went out to work, and some farmland in the town was "sleeping". The Task Force registers the wasteland one by one and establishes a working ledger.

In view of the decline in land fertility and the shortage of water for irrigation, the task force has introduced funds to dig canals, improve production conditions, introduce agricultural production trusteeship organizations, carry out unified planning and rectification of land voluntarily transferred by farmers, implement mechanized operations, large-scale planting, and professional management, and improve the efficiency of grain cultivation.

A set of governance "combination punches" was played, and the harvest scene was reproduced in the field, and the villagers were happy. By the end of last year, the task force had taken the lead in completing the treatment of more than 1200,240 mu of wasteland and restored <>.<> million jin of grain production. Kong Lingchen said that this year, the task force will organize all parties to jointly build rice seedling cultivation centers and rice drying bases to improve the technical level and output of grain production.

"Food security is the 'great of nations'. The main production area, the main sales area, and the production and sales balance area all have the responsibility to ensure the area and output, and the rice bowl should be served together and the responsibility should be shouldered together. Cheng Guoqiang, a professor at Chinese Minmin University, said that to maintain the stability of grain sowing area and output, the main producing areas should strive to give play to their advantages, and the production and marketing balance areas and the main sales areas should maintain their due self-sufficiency rate, and jointly shoulder the responsibility of safeguarding national food security.

Siyang County in Jiangsu Province is a large grain-producing county, but the reserve resources of cultivated land are only more than 8000,<> mu, and the situation of cultivated land protection is still grim.

"To grasp grain for heavy farmers and strengthen the protection of cultivated land, we must clarify the main body of responsibility." Ma Wei, secretary of the Siyang County CPC Committee, said that the county will carry out a new round of signing of cultivated land protection responsibility letters in accordance with the principle of "who protects and who benefits", strictly assess the completion of cultivated land and permanent basic farmland protection goals and tasks, and further improve the performance evaluation index system and reward mechanism for cultivated land protection incentives.

After a spring rain, Jiji Village, Sanzhuang Town, Siyang County, braved a light rain and carried a shovel to check whether there was standing water in the wheat field. After inspecting the wheat field, Ji Zhao squatted at the head of the field, counted the wheat seedlings one by one, and the average tillers were eight or nine, "This year's year is good, do a good job, and the mu yield is 1100,<> jin is assured." ”

Improve policy supply and strengthen input guarantee. This year, the central government has supported agricultural production by more than 6500 billion yuan, of which about 3500 billion yuan is directly related to grain and oil production. The minimum purchase price of wheat and early indica rice in 2023 will be increased by 2022 cents per catty compared with 2, and the minimum purchase price of middle and late indica rice and japonica rice will remain stable.

"Agricultural subsidies are strong and the income from growing grain is guaranteed, which is the greatest strength for farmers to grow grain." Ji Zhaozhong, a 63-year-old "old-fashioned" this year, frankly said that thanks to good policies such as subsidies for agricultural machinery and subsidies for returning straw to the field, he has purchased eight sets of various agricultural machinery, and the whole process of rice and wheat production from sowing and breeding to harvesting and drying has been mechanized, and the yield of rice and wheat has steadily increased, with wheat mu yields above 8,1300 catties and rice mu yields above <>,<> catties.

At present, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has clearly defined this year's grain and oilseed production targets to all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government). All localities adhere to the implementation of responsibilities and policy guidance, break down the goals and tasks to cities and counties, mobilize the enthusiasm of all kinds of entities to grow grain, strive to increase the area only over the previous year, and ensure that the rice bowl is firmly in their hands.

(People's Daily reporter Chang Qin)