On March 10, 2023, the first session of the 14th National People's Congress held its third plenary session in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.
Xi Jinping was unanimously elected President of the People's Republic of China and Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China.
This is Xi Jinping taking the constitutional oath.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Xie Huanchi
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 14.
Title : Xi Jinping: Leading China's New Journey
Xinhua News Agency reporter
After being elected General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman of the Central Military Commission at the First Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee in October last year, Xi Jinping continued to be elected President of the country and Chairman of the Central Military Commission at the First Session of the 14th National People's Congress in March this year. The giant ship of China embarks on a new voyage.
He delivered a speech at the closing meeting of the National People's Congress, saying, "This is the third time I have assumed the lofty position of President of the country." , is the central task of the entire party and the people of the country. The baton of building a strong country and national rejuvenation has historically fallen on our generation."
Ten years ago, Xi Jinping said on the same occasion: "To realize the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, to build a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized and harmonious modern socialist country, and to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is to achieve national prosperity, national rejuvenation, The people are happy."
Today, on the basis of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way as scheduled and realizing the first century-old goal, the new direction and goals of the CCP’s ruling team led by Xi Jinping are already clear.
On October 23, 2022, Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, who was elected at the first plenary meeting of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, met with Chinese and foreign journalists covering the 20th CPC National Congress at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, and addressed the audience Chinese and foreign journalists waved their hands.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Pang Xinglei
Xi Jinping described this trend at the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China as "promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way through Chinese-style modernization."
According to his explanation at the seminar on studying and implementing the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in February this year, the realization of modernization is the dream pursued by the Chinese nation since modern times.
Xi Jinping was born in 1953. Since he joined the Party in 1974 and served as the party branch secretary of the brigade, he has held positions at almost all levels in the CCP cadre sequence, with rich experience and outstanding achievements.
He is also the first General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission born after the founding of New China.
Overseas public opinion says that Xi Jinping has led China on an ambitious path since becoming General Secretary of the Communist Party of China in 2012.
When Agence France-Presse reported the news of Xi Jinping's election as the Chinese president, he quoted the former German correspondent in China as saying that Xi Jinping has a vision, and he wants to make China a powerful country in the world.
1. The strong core leading the great cause of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation
In the late 1960s, when Xi Jinping was less than 16 years old, he came to a small village in northern Shaanxi from Beijing to work as a farmer. His life was very difficult, and he often could not eat a meal of meat for several months.
He later recalled that it was in northern Shaanxi that he "truly understood the people and the society." Since then, he has made up his mind: "To do practical things for the people!"
He has been fighting for this goal since then.
After graduating from university in the late 1970s, Xi Jinping entered the General Office of the Central Military Commission as Secretary of the Minister of Defense. Three years later, he took the initiative to apply for a grassroots job and came to work in the impoverished Zhengding County of Hebei.
At that time, many of his classmates went abroad to make money, and he was not unconditional to go out, but he chose a more difficult road, choosing the road of being a public servant of the people.
On December 30, 2012, Xi Jinping visited Tang Rongbin's family in Luotuowan Village, Longquanguan Town, Fuping County, Hebei Province.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Lan Hongguang
When Xi Jinping became general secretary in 2012, there were about 100 million rural poor in China.
Shortly after he took office, he went to Beijing for inspection. He came to Fuping, a poor county in Hebei Province. Do something.
He stretched out his hand and pinched the cuff of Gu Chenghu's overcoat, and followed the staff and said, "Look, his clothes are still torn."
"If General Secretary Xi Jinping hadn't personally promoted it, it would have been more difficult and time-consuming to get rid of poverty." Zeng Shoufu, who was sent by the Organization Department of the Fujian Provincial Party Committee to serve as the first secretary in the village of Ningde Xiadang Village, said, "I just started in 2014. When I came here, I was always thinking about how to learn his working methods and find a way to help the villagers get rich."
In the 1980s and 1990s, when Xi Jinping was working in Fujian, he went to the Communist Party three times. When the road was impassable, he cut down the thorns. When he saw poor farmers, he gave them his own money and built hydropower stations and roads for the village.
In 2013, Xi Jinping proposed a targeted poverty alleviation strategy, and then sent 255,000 village-based assistance teams to rural areas across the country. A total of more than 3 million resident first secretaries and village cadres like Zeng Shoufu helped poor farmers point-to-point.
Xi Jinping has also conducted more than 50 inspections and investigations on poverty alleviation work, including visiting 14 concentrated contiguous areas with extreme poverty.
On February 25, 2021, the National Poverty Alleviation Summary and Commendation Conference was held in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.
Xi Jinping announced to the world that China has completed the task of eradicating absolute poverty.
Before the meeting, Xi Jinping and others met with the winners of the honorary title of National Model for Poverty Alleviation, representatives of advanced individuals and collectives for national poverty alleviation, individual winners of the honorary title of National Model for Poverty Alleviation, and representatives of relatives of advanced individuals who sacrificed their lives for public service.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Xie Huanchi
On February 25, 2021, Xi Jinping announced to the world that China had completed the task of eradicating absolute poverty.
China's poverty reduction rate is significantly faster than that of the world, and it is also the country with the largest number of poor people in the world.
Another daunting task facing Xi Jinping is fighting corruption.
At the beginning of his tenure as general secretary in 2012, Xi Jinping warned that "corruption is getting worse and worse, and eventually the party and the country will inevitably perish."
Some media summarized some of the "ruthless words" he often said in his 10-year anti-corruption campaign: "Everything depends on connections and ways of doing things?" "Some are keen to seek political backing and set up 'antennas'." official.
"Life-saving money has become 'buying official money', and the evil deeds are heinous!" This refers to some officials embezzling social security funds to "buy officials" for themselves.
"Don't pretend to be a fool and be a good person." This is to ask the heads of the party committee and discipline inspection committee not to turn a blind eye to local corruption.
"Don't you just become a property custodian?" Xi Jinping described those corrupt officials. After being investigated and dealt with, they had to hand over the money they had obtained from corruption or bribery, and were afraid to use it.
"Some leading cadres don't know where they come from." He called for strict punishment for officials who hold multiple ID cards or foreign green cards.
These words are not just words.
Less than a month after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Xi Jinping fired the first shot against corruption.
In the past 10 years, Zhou Yongkang, Bo Xilai, Guo Boxiong, Xu Caihou, Sun Zhengcai, Ling Jihua and other high-ranking "tigers" have been sacked. 553 cadres were investigated and investigated, and more than 25,000 bureau-level cadres and county-level cadres were punished. More than 182,000 people.
Hundreds of corrupt officials who fled abroad were brought back by the "Fox Hunting" operation initiated by him.
In December 2018 he declared "a landslide victory in the fight against corruption".
Xi Jinping said that "anti-corruption is always on the road" and summarized "self-revolution" as the second answer to the party's jumping out of the historical cycle of chaos, prosperity and decline.
After the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the anti-corruption efforts have not stopped, and nearly 20 central management cadres have been investigated or punished.
On January 9, 2023, Xi Jinping delivered an important speech at the second plenary meeting of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Ling
At the plenum of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection earlier this year, Xi Jinping urged to resolutely investigate and deal with corruption that intertwines political and economic issues, and resolutely prevent leading cadres from becoming spokespersons and agents of interest groups and power groups.
Some senior cadres interviewed remembered that Xi Jinping once told them that during the Long March of the Red Army, a quartermaster who was in charge of the Red Army would rather freeze to death in thin old clothes than warm himself first, so as to encourage everyone to resolutely fight against the idea of privilege .
The success of poverty alleviation and anti-corruption has won Xi Jinping a high degree of support within the party and the public, but this is not the whole reason why he was unanimously elected as the general secretary of the CPC Central Committee and the country's president.
In the past 10 years, many long-term unresolved problems have been solved, and many long-term important events have been accomplished.
From eliminating serious hidden dangers within the party, the state, and the military, to bringing a country with a population of more than 1.4 billion out of the pandemic, there is Xi Jinping as the core of decision and leadership.
During this period, the country has developed steadily and made great strides towards "high quality" and gradually "from rich to strong".
The average annual growth rate of China's economy is 6.2%, more than twice the world average growth rate in the same period, and the per capita GDP has risen from 39,800 yuan to 81,000 yuan.
The proportion of China's economy in the world economy has increased from 11.3% in 2012 to 18.5%.
Grain production has enjoyed bumper harvests year after year.
In the past, when people described China's manufacturing industry as "big but not strong", they said, "One billion pairs of socks are exchanged for one Boeing aircraft."
Now China has its own large aircraft, and the contribution rate of technological progress to economic growth exceeds 60%.
The scale of China's digital economy has ranked second in the world, and the production and sales of new energy vehicles have ranked first in the world for eight consecutive years.
Shan Zenghai, a technician of XCMG Group, still remembers the situation when Xi Jinping came to inspect the assembly workshop in 2017. At that time, he stood in the crowd and saw Xi Jinping board the cab of an all-terrain wheeled crane, touch and observe, and asked for details.
"At that time point, our real economy's equipment manufacturing industry was still under great pressure to develop. But the general secretary's words gave us great encouragement. He said that China must not turn from the real to the virtual, and the economy must shift from high-speed growth to High-quality development is a hurdle that must be overcome. I remember it very deeply after hearing it." Shan Zenghai said.
On March 5, 2023, Xi Jinping participated in the deliberations of the Jiangsu delegation at the First Session of the Fourteenth National People's Congress.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Jingwen
At the two sessions, Xi Jinping participated in the deliberations of the Jiangsu delegation.
As soon as Representative Shan Zenghai spoke, Xi Jinping recognized him, "You were interviewed by reporters in the representative channel today", "I saw it".
Shan Zenghai told Xi Jinping: "The 220-ton all-terrain crane you took when you inspected XCMG in 2017, the key indicators have reached the first in the world, and the localization rate has increased from 71% to 100%." Xi Jinping asked: "Inside your crane Are the chips made in China?" Shan Zenghai replied: "All of them are made in China."
In the past 10 years, while eradicating absolute poverty, China has built the world's largest education system, social security system, and medical and health system.
The average life expectancy in China has increased from 74.8 to 78.2 years.
Recently, China issued an opinion on promoting the healthy development of the rural medical and health system, deploying "to enable the broad masses of farmers to obtain more equitable, accessible, systematic and continuous medical and health services."
Hu Xiaozhong, director of the Shiye Town Health Center in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, said that Xi Jinping visited his primary health center on Jiangxinzhou in the Yangtze River in 2014 for research.
There are 5 villages in Shiye Town, with a permanent population of more than 10,000, and the elderly account for more than half of them. The only health center on the island is the main source of medical treatment.
"I remember that the general secretary asked very carefully and specifically: 'What operations can the hospital perform?' 'How to manage patients with chronic diseases?' He said, 'Without the health of the whole people, there will be no comprehensive well-off', and he also asked to provide safe, effective and convenient services for the masses. Inexpensive public health and basic medical services can really solve the problem of difficult and expensive medical treatment for grassroots people.” Hu Xiaozhong said.
In recent years, the Shiye Town Health Center has expanded the outpatient building, increased beds and medical equipment, standardized management of more than 2,000 chronic disease patients in the town, and distributed blood pressure and blood glucose measuring instruments to villagers.
During the interview, the reporter found that many township health centers across the country have also been improved like the Shiye Town Health Center.
Without Xi Jinping's decision, China's ecological and environmental protection would not have achieved the historic changes it is today.
The average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in key cities in China has decreased for nine consecutive years, with a cumulative reduction of 57%.
Xi Jinping announced that China will strive to achieve carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060, and decided that China will join the global Paris Agreement on climate change.
Under the promotion of Xi Jinping, China took the lead in ratifying the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, the largest free trade agreement in the world. The number of free trade pilot zones has increased from 1 to 21, and the entire Hainan Island has become a free trade port.
Xi Jinping advocates to carry forward the spiritual power of self-improvement, leading the party and the people to overcome difficulties and obstacles on the journey of modernization.
He emphasized to enhance the self-confidence and pride of being a Chinese.
He put forward "four self-confidences", namely road self-confidence, theoretical self-confidence, institutional self-confidence, and cultural self-confidence, to inspire Chinese people and build up the foundation and strength of the Chinese nation.
From Yudu to Zunyi to Yan'an, he visited the holy places of revolution to absorb the spiritual power to break through the encirclement.
He summed up the great anti-epidemic spirit, the spirit of poverty alleviation, the spirit of the Beijing Winter Olympics, and the core values of socialism, condensing the positive energy of the unity and struggle of Chinese society.
He pointed out that "Chinese excellent traditional culture is the spiritual lifeblood of the Chinese nation".
Once he said: "Following others and imitating others...is absolutely hopeless! In fact, foreigners also come to us to find material and inspiration, such as "Kung Fu Panda" and "Mulan" filmed by Hollywood. Isn’t it based on our cultural resources?”
At the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Xi Jinping clearly stated for the first time that the overall goal of China’s comprehensive deepening of reforms is to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities.
This means that Xi Jinping has placed system building in a more prominent position.
He said that "the system is a fundamental, overall, stable, and long-term issue related to the development of the cause of the party and the country."
He made arrangements for the economic system, political system, cultural system, social system, ecological civilization system, national defense and military reform, party building system reform, etc., and achieved historic changes, systematic reshaping, and overall reconstruction in many fields .
He made a decision to include "making the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources and better play the role of the government" into the party's documents, and led the establishment of the National Supervisory Commission to bring everyone who holds public office under supervision.
He made a bold move to establish a joint operations command center of the Military Commission to fundamentally solve the problem of "unconnectedness" for decades.
The Eight Central Regulations are a system formulated by Xi Jinping at the end of 2012 and must be adhered to for a long time.
It stopped some unhealthy tendencies that were considered impossible to stop in the past.
Singapore's "Lianhe Zaobao" reported that at that time, few people expected that such "persistent" problems in China's official circles, such as eating and drinking with public funds, would have such a significant change.
He also presided over the reform of the talent system, enabling front-line scientific researchers to receive rewards for intellectual property benefits, and establishing better mechanisms for training, evaluation, and mobility.
The Sixth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing from November 8 to 11, 2021, and Xi Jinping delivered an important speech.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Ju Peng
In November 2021, the "Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party's Centennial Struggle" adopted by the Sixth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out that the party established Comrade Xi Jinping as the core of the Party Central Committee and the core position of the whole party, and established Xi Jinping's new The guiding position of the thought of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the era reflects the common aspiration of the whole party, the army and the people of all ethnic groups in the country, and has decisive significance for the development of the cause of the party and the country in the new era and for advancing the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Xi Jinping said: "The core of the Party Central Committee, the core of the entire party, is my responsibility. I will devote all my energy and my life to repay the trust of the party and the people. I will do my best and die. I will go through fire and water and die."
Party insiders interviewed by Xinhua News Agency reporters said that the "two establishments" are the greatest political achievement, the most important historical experience, and the most objective practical conclusion in the new era, and they are the greatest certainty, the greatest confidence, and the greatest guarantee to deal with all uncertainties.
Xi Jinping continues to serve as the leader of the party and the country, making China's future development more directional, stable and continuous.
They believe that "the appointment of the general secretary of the party, the president of the state, and the chairman of the Central Military Commission are consistent. It is a system design that conforms to my country's national conditions and ensures the long-term stability of the party and the country. The “three-in-one” institutional arrangement is conducive to upholding and strengthening the overall leadership of the party, is conducive to improving the leadership system of the party and the state, is conducive to maintaining the authority of the party central committee and centralized and unified leadership, and is an important manifestation of the political and institutional advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics.” .
"Xi Jinping's unanimous election as the president of the country is a major achievement of this year's two sessions, which embodies that the 'two establishments' are what people want and what is needed for a great cause." Lu Lu, a deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of the Tianhe Ecological Agriculture Cooperative in Jianhu County, Jiangsu Province, participated in the election Mann said.
Liu Jingbei, vice president of the China Pudong Cadre Academy, believes that the election results reflect the common will and aspirations of the whole party, the army and the people of all ethnic groups in the country, and provide legal and organizational guarantees for defending the "two establishments" and achieving the "two maintenances". .
The most eye-catching thing in the past 10 years is the establishment of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.
Studying the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, especially Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, has become the primary political task of the entire Party, the nation and the army.
People in the theoretical circles of the Communist Party of China believe that Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era has opened up a new realm of the modernization of Marxism in China.
This scientific theoretical system has constructed a systematic top-level plan and operational path for all aspects of modernization, and is "an indisputable guide to action for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation."
On October 27, 2022, Xi Jinping and others visited the "Great History-The 13-year History Exhibition of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Yan'an" at the Yan'an Revolutionary Memorial Hall.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Ye
After the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a group of "new faces" took important leadership positions.
Xi Jinping encouraged them to work hard and live up to the high expectations of the people.
Among these cadres are newly appointed members and alternate members of the Central Committee, as well as newly appointed principals of various ministries and commissions, as well as the "top leaders" of the leading groups of various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities.
Xi Jinping asked leading cadres to keep in mind the "big country" and to be politically sensible; to overcome the panic of skills and break the stereotype of thinking;
According to people in the party familiar with the situation, the new senior leading cadres after the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China have strong political judgment, political comprehension and political execution ability, resolutely implement the decision-making and deployment of the Party Central Committee, and share ideological and political actions. The Party Central Committee with Xi Jinping at the core maintains a high degree of unity, and also has the spirit, ability and practical experience to fight on the new journey.
The army has also completed the transition from old to new, and produced a new leadership team of the Central Military Commission and a new Minister of Defense.
More than half a month after the conclusion of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Xi Jinping visited the Joint Operations Command Center of the Military Commission and demanded to "comprehensively strengthen military training and preparations."
He has repeatedly emphasized "upholding the party's absolute leadership over the people's army."
At this year's National People's Congress, Xi Jinping visited the PLA delegation for the 11th consecutive year, calling for the promotion of an integrated national strategic system and capacity building to contribute to the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country.
On November 8, 2022, Xi Jinping inspected the Joint Operations Command Center of the Military Commission and delivered an important speech.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Gang
Xi Jinping believes that the party's leadership determines the fundamental nature of Chinese-style modernization, and only by unswervingly adhering to the party's leadership can Chinese-style modernization have a bright future and prosperity.
During the first collective study of the Political Bureau of the 20th CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping said: "It is particularly important to emphasize that, in governing a big party and a country like ours, if there is no authority and centralized leadership of the Party Central Committee, if there is no ideological unity of the whole party and the whole country, If you walk in unison, you can’t get anything done.”
"General Secretary Xi Jinping has the leadership courage to bring the whole party together, and he is the backbone for us to overcome all difficulties and sprint to the second half of modernization." Cai Hongxing, deputy to the National People's Congress and president of Yanbian University, said.
Some Western scholars believe that the modernization process of many countries is prone to turmoil, and it is difficult to achieve both rapid economic development and political and social stability.
Some developing countries have fallen into the middle-income trap, which is related to the lack of political authority. The ruling team does not think enough about the people, and cannot guarantee law and order, property rights, the rule of law, and political stability, and cannot promote investment, growth, business, and international trade.
This is not the case in China.
The legitimacy of those in power comes not only from voting, but also from the fact that the country's major policies are not subject to temporary environmental fluctuations, and the economy and society maintain long-term stable development, so that the people get actual benefits.
In recent years, surveys conducted by Western opinion polling agencies and Chinese statistics departments have relatively consistent results. The Chinese people's support rate for the CCP and the government has reached 95%.
This ranks first among the major countries.
China's steady development is also related to the CCP's ruling team's emphasis on problem orientation and bottom-line thinking.
Xi Jinping believes that "my country's development has entered a period where strategic opportunities, risks and challenges coexist, and uncertain and unpredictable factors are increasing. Various 'black swan' and 'grey rhinoceros' events may occur at any time."
The material foundation, institutional guarantees, and spiritual strength accumulated over the past 10 years of development have doubled the confidence of the CCP leadership, but Xi Jinping warned, "Be prepared to withstand the major test of high winds and even turbulent waves."
This includes the extreme pressure from the United States and the West, the challenge of whether the economy can recover quickly after the new crown epidemic, and the game of interests in the reform of the deep-water area.
Xi Jinping called for tenacious struggle to "open up new horizons for career development."
When he taught more than 300 senior cadres at the Central Party School, he said: "History has repeatedly proved that if you seek security through struggle, you will survive safely; if you seek security through weakness and concessions, you will perish; if you seek development through struggle, you will prosper; Declining development."
After 2018, Xi Jinping launched a new round of party and state institutional reforms to promote the party's leadership over socialist modernization to be more scientific in institutional setting, more optimized in function allocation, more perfect in system and mechanism, and more efficient in operation and management. more efficient.
"From political line, ideological line to organizational line, Xi Jinping led the Party Central Committee to make full preparations to realize Chinese-style modernization and meet the challenges of the new journey." Liu Jingbei said.
2. The person at the helm who ensures the steady and long-term sailing of Chinese-style modern ships
The National People's Congress is the platform for making the CCP's ideas the will of the nation.
This also means that the Chinese-style modernization plan determined by the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is being carried out unswervingly and comprehensively under the leadership of Xi Jinping.
According to media reports, the first time Xi Jinping mentioned "Chinese-style modernization" in a public speech was at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 2015.
He said that at the beginning of reform and opening up, Comrade Deng Xiaoping first used Xiaokang to interpret Chinese-style modernization.
This goal has been achieved.
At that plenary session, Xi Jinping led the formulation of the "13th Five-Year Plan" for the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.
Six years later, Xi Jinping stood on the top of Tiananmen Square to announce that this goal had been achieved.
On July 1, 2021, the meeting to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China was held in Tiananmen Square in Beijing.
Xi Jinping delivered an important speech.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Ju Peng
From building a well-off society in an all-round way to a new journey of modernization, Xi Jinping has continuously improved the strategic deployment of Chinese-style modernization.
He set a "timetable" at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and made a "two-step" arrangement for building a modern and powerful country; he gave a "road map" at the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, summarizing the five major characteristics of Chinese-style modernization—— Huge population, common prosperity for all people, coordination of material civilization and spiritual civilization, harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and peaceful development—make this concept clearer, more scientific, and more feasible.
Xi Jinping further systematically explained the strategy of Chinese-style modernization at the seminar on studying and implementing the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in early February, saying that it is "the only correct way to build a strong country and rejuvenate the nation."
"He has a strong modern thinking and ability to act. Judging from his rich experience in performing duties, from the inland to the coast, from the local to the central, he opened up new prospects for modernization wherever he went, which is a positive example of reform and opening up. A pioneer." said David Ferguson, an expert on the English edition of "Xi Jinping: The Governance of China" (Volumes 1-4).
On the new journey, the task of 2023 is to lay a good foundation for the realization of the second centenary goal, and the next five years will be called the critical period for the start of comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country.
The first meeting of the 14th National People's Congress approved an expected economic growth target of about 5% in 2023, which is two percentage points higher than the actual growth rate of 3% last year due to the impact of the epidemic. GDP of moderately developed countries.
Xi Jinping pointed out that in order to achieve the goal of China's per capita GDP reaching the level of moderately developed countries proposed by the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it is necessary to maintain reasonable economic growth on the basis of improving quality and efficiency, and China also has the realistic ability to do so.
"High-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a modern socialist country," he said.
31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have also announced new growth plans.
Shanghai set the target at 5.5%, while Xinjiang and Tibet reached around 7% and over 8% respectively.
"The outstanding change after the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is that the consensus on promoting development has become stronger." Wang Xiangming, a researcher at the Xi Jinping Institute of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era at Renmin University of China, said, "Without a solid material foundation, it is impossible to realize socialism. modernization."
On March 10, 2020, Xi Jinping went to Wuhan, Hubei Province to inspect the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic.
This is Xi Jinping waving and expressing his condolences to the residents living in isolation at home during his inspection of the Donghu New Town community (composition photo).
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Xie Huanchi
A major change is the adjustment of the anti-epidemic strategy.
For more than three years, China has effectively coordinated epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, effectively protecting the lives and health of the people.
Xi Jinping presided over a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee in early November last year, and made a decision to further optimize and adjust epidemic prevention and control measures.
Three months later, he presided over a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee again, announcing that China had achieved a major and decisive victory in the prevention and control of the epidemic, creating a miracle in the history of human civilization that a country with a large population successfully emerged from the pandemic.
Georgieva, managing director of the International Monetary Fund, said that China's adjustment and optimization of epidemic prevention policies is likely to be the most important global growth driver in 2023.
An article in the German "Der Spiegel" magazine stated that the adjustment of China's epidemic prevention policy will make China's economic growth prospects more optimistic.
On the afternoon of October 26, 2022, Xi Jinping had a cordial exchange with fellow villagers in the apple orchard in Nangou Village, Gaoqiao Town, Ansai District, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Yan Yan
During his first field trip after the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Xi Jinping walked into an orchard in Nangou Village, northern Shaanxi, and asked the orchard growers how much they earned a day, what their income was, how their families were, and what their children were doing.
"What are the skills for picking apples?" He pointed to the apples on the tree and asked, and followed the demonstration of fruit farmer Zhao Yongdong to pick a big red apple.
Outside the apple washing and sorting workshop in the village, ordinary people stood around Xi Jinping.
"Seeing the general secretary is like meeting relatives. What he cares most about is whether the masses are getting rich and how their lives are going." Zhang Guanghong, a village cadre in Nangou Village, said.
春节前夕，习近平同东西南北中六地干部群众视频连线。他问四川一个搞旅游的羌族村的村干部，游客多不多、村里收入怎么样，听说去年全村人均收入超过4万元，说：“不错咧！”游客魏卓与习近平聊她的旅游感受，说当地腊肉好吃。“总书记让我多吃一点。”魏卓说，“我感到他非常牵挂乡村的发展、老百姓收入的提高。”
2023年1月18日，习近平在北京通过视频连线看望慰问基层干部群众，向全国各族人民致以新春的美好祝福(拼版照片)。新华社记者 谢环驰 李涛 摄
在考察调研时，习近平告诉随行干部：“全面建设社会主义现代化国家，最艰巨最繁重的任务仍然在农村。”他在中央农村工作会议上提出，强国必先强农，农强方能国强，并强调保障粮食和重要农产品稳定安全供给始终是建设农业强国的头等大事。
乡村振兴关键要看产业。习近平说，曾看过一个关于“培养一批‘一县一业’重点基地”的文件，“我看了以后皱了眉头，这个事情不好下指标。一个县是不是光靠一个产业去发展，要去深入调研，不能大笔一挥，拨一笔钱，这个地方就专门发展养鸡、发展蘑菇，那个地方专门搞纺织，那样的话肯定要砸锅”。
中国式现代化把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合。习近平本人是深入了解国情、坚持实事求是的表率。过去10年他百余次到基层考察，走村进巷访贫问苦、了解实情。有次他一早从北京出发，到重庆山区已是傍晚。习近平和老乡在院子里坐下，他说：“我坐飞机、坐火车、坐汽车，换了三种交通工具到你们这里。我们见见面，听你们还有什么要跟我们说的。”还有一次，习近平在全国两会上说：“你们各级领导也唬不了我，我就是从贫困地区出来的，那什么样子我都知道。”
习近平今年1月主持二十届中央政治局第二次集体学习的主题是“加快构建新发展格局”。这是指构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的发展格局，关键在于经济循环的畅通无阻，最本质的特征是实现高水平的自立自强。习近平指出，只有加快构建新发展格局，才能夯实我国经济发展的根基、增强发展的安全性稳定性，确保中华民族伟大复兴进程不被迟滞甚至中断。
构建新发展格局要遵循创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的理念。这是习近平2015年10月在中共十八届五中全会上提出来的，被称作“新发展理念”。习近平说，新发展理念是“指挥棒”“红绿灯”，与之相悖的做法要彻底摒弃。
首要的就是创新。习近平督促加快科技自立自强步伐，解决外国“卡脖子”问题；要全面提升产业体系现代化水平，既巩固世界第一制造大国的传统优势产业领先地位，又创造新的竞争优势；加快新能源、人工智能、生物制造、绿色低碳、量子计算等前沿技术研发和应用推广。他2月主持二十届中央政治局第三次集体学习聚焦基础研究，要求夯实科技自立自强根基。
全国人大代表、机器人企业新松公司总裁张进记得习近平几个月前来公司考察时的情形，“在装配调试车间，他几乎走一步停一步，一路发问，尤其对用在汽车总装生产线上的移动机器人和半导体行业用到的真空机械手等企业自主研发产品显示出浓厚兴趣”。习近平告诉年轻工程师，从制造大国转向制造强国，靠的就是自主创新。他问员工：“‘卡脖子’的技术难题还多吗？”他要求“时不我待推进科技自立自强，只争朝夕突破‘卡脖子’问题”。
习近平反复强调改革必须坚持社会主义市场经济方向，并于1月派出一名副总理出席达沃斯世界经济论坛年会，告知世界中国搞计划经济是根本不可能的。2月，一项涉及资本市场全局的重大改革出台，将注册制推广到全市场和各类公开发行股票行为，这有利于更好按照市场机制原则配置资源。同时，习近平对防止金融、房地产和地方债务的系统性风险进行了部署。
中共二十大后，习近平在不同场合进一步要求切实落实“两个毫不动摇”，包括深化国资国企改革、提高国企核心竞争力，以及优化民营企业发展环境。他指示从制度和法律上把对国企民企平等对待的要求落下来，依法保护民营企业产权和企业家权益。
今年两会期间，习近平看望了参加政协会议的民建、工商联界委员，并参加联组会。他告诉民营企业家，中共中央“始终把民营企业和民营企业家当作自己人”，鼓励他们消除顾虑，放下包袱，大胆发展。
“我是一贯支持民营企业的。”曾在民营经济比较发达的福建和浙江工作20多年的习近平说。
中国民营企业在过去10年不断发展壮大。根据美国智库彼得森国际经济研究所统计，2012年，非公企业仅占中国百强上市公司总市值的约10%。到2022年底，该比例上升到40%以上。
继完成10年前启动的全面深化改革目标任务后，习近平说今年要谋划新一轮全面深化改革，同时推进高水平对外开放，包括积极推动加入《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》《数字经济伙伴关系协定》等高标准经贸协议，并主动对照相关规则、规制、管理、标准，深化国内相关领域改革。
2021年，中国关税总水平已降至7.4%，低于9.8%的入世承诺。中国还将对62项信息技术产品的最惠国税率实施第八步降税，调整后关税总水平将再降0.1个百分点。被称为“中国第一展”的广交会计划将今年线下展位增加到近7万个。习近平倡导举办的进博会、服贸会和消博会的规模预计还将扩大。“促进国内国际双循环”的车轮在加速转动。
2022年11月4日晚，习近平以视频方式出席在上海举行的第五届中国国际进口博览会开幕式并发表题为《共创开放繁荣的美好未来》的致辞。新华社记者 高洁 摄
诸多迹象显示市场信心在不断恢复和增强。2月份，中国制造业采购经理指数为52.6%，为近11年来新高；非制造业商务活动指数升至56.3%，连续2个月位于景气区间。各地工程项目集中开复工，建筑业施工进度加快。
从社会主义新农村到美丽中国建设，从文艺创作到精神文明，习近平都作了新部署。他在去年11月宣布中国将陆续设立一批国家公园，并把约1100万公顷湿地纳入国家公园体系。他在两会上询问太湖水质如何，还有没有蓝藻。他号召人们继续向雷锋学习。他勉励艺术家唱响新时代的主旋律，舞出中国人的精气神。
习近平十分关心青少年成长。在两会上，他强调要真正把青少年培养成为拥有“四个自信”的孩子。他还回忆起自己的青少年时代：“我也是戴着红领巾过来的。因为上学早，第一批入少先队没有发展我，还哭了鼻子。后来当上少先队旗手，热血沸腾。”
2019年1月2日，《告台湾同胞书》发表40周年纪念会在北京人民大会堂隆重举行。习近平出席纪念会并发表重要讲话。新华社记者 李涛 摄
作为实现中华民族伟大复兴的一个必然要求，习近平提出“祖国完全统一一定要实现，也一定能够实现”，要求贯彻新时代党解决台湾问题的总体方略。他说，要坚决反对外部势力干涉和“台独”分裂活动，坚定不移推进祖国统一进程。
“习近平是理想主义者，也是实干家。他清醒、务实、果断，有大局观和系统观，擅于化危为机，能够一张蓝图绘到底。”浙江一位曾与他共事过的干部说。
三、一切为了人民并依靠人民的无我担当者
曾与农民一起挨饿、跟他们一道挑粪种地的习近平，在地方工作时就把“下访”定为一项制度，走入民众中听取他们的意见建议，为他们排忧解难。
担任总书记后他最常做的事情之一就是去到田间地头车间店铺，跟大家一起交流。他也花很多时间给基层民众回信，包括少数民族村民和中小学生。
有次习近平到北京胡同里一户人家做客，一起包饺子。临走时习近平说，其实他特别愿意跟老百姓“聊聊天儿唠唠嗑儿”。作为党和国家领导人，他异常忙碌，“我忙就是忙这些事，‘国之大者’就是人民的幸福生活。”习近平说。
2019年2月1日，习近平在北京看望慰问基层干部群众，考察北京冬奥会、冬残奥会筹办工作时，在前门东区草厂四条胡同，同朱茂锦一家人包饺子、聊家常。新华社记者 鞠鹏 摄
“现代化的本质是人的现代化”，“中国式现代化是全体人民共同富裕的现代化”，“让发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民，不断促进人的全面发展”，他经常这样说。
3月5日下午，习近平参加十四届全国人大一次会议江苏代表团审议。他的西装外衣口袋上佩戴着和江苏团其他140多名代表同样款式的红色出席证，上面印着国徽、姓名和出席证号。习近平与其他代表一起审议政府工作报告，讨论国家事务。
在今年不到10天的两会会程中习近平3次到团组。2013年到2022年的10年间，他53次到团组审议讨论，与约400位代表委员面对面交谈。
习近平曾问来自湖南湘西的代表，贫困村“去年有多少人娶媳妇儿”；问吉林代表团地区产业发展“白雪换白银换来了吗”。他惦记曾经考察过的青海省海东市互助土族自治县班彦村，听闻村里土炕换成了电热炕，还细问“村民们的电热炕是什么样的”。
熟悉中国政治的人把领导人在两会上与代表委员交流互动、共商国是视作中国式民主的一种程序和体现。习近平强调得最多的事情之一便是：加强人民当家作主制度保障，扩大人民有序政治参与。他在2023年新年贺词中说：“中国这么大，不同人会有不同诉求，对同一件事也会有不同看法，这很正常，要通过沟通协商凝聚共识。”
年初，习近平全票当选本届全国人大代表。与他一同当选代表的还有2900多人。一线工人、农民和专业技术人员代表的比例比上届要高，农民工代表人数也增加了。
2021年11月，习近平参加北京市区人大代表换届选举投票，用自己的选民证拿到选票，写票后，投入票箱。中国最近一次县乡两级人大换届选举在去年6月底全面完成。这次县乡人大换届选举涉及10.64亿选民，是世界上规模最大的基层民主选举之一。
人民代表大会制度是中国的根本政治制度，全国人大代表履行着从制定法律、监督政府及司法机构到选举国家领导人等职责。
55个少数民族都有本民族的全国人大代表。董彩云是人口只有两万多的保安族的代表。4年前，她在人代会上提出新修一条高速公路、让该族一个聚居县能更快发展的建议。她的建议得到了其他代表的认同，到现场参加讨论的习近平也作出回应，请有关部门研究。后经交通部门论证，这条高速公路投入建设，预计今年完工。“这条路寄托着家乡人民对现代化生活的向往。”董彩云说。
连云港市新浦汽车总站职工权太琦是十二届和十三届全国人大代表，她提出的关于交通运输的多个建议被采纳。她在5年前选举国家主席时，投了习近平一票。“选他当主席是因为我觉得他靠得住，是一位真正为人民着想的领导人。”
她回忆，有次在习近平参加江苏代表团审议时，她在发言中提及，汽车客运中因为没有预留座位，免票上车的儿童一多，往往造成超员问题。习近平很关心这件事，说：“汽车是‘一个萝卜一个坑’啊！”他当即现场进一步了解情况。会后，针对权太琦反映的问题，政府部门经过论证，出台了更加符合实际的运营方案。
“习近平跟我们基层代表讲话时，语气在句末总是上扬，带着商量的口吻，‘是不是这样？’‘这样好不好？’”权太琦说。2021年两会期间一个晚上，人代会召开预备会议，权太琦又一次见到习近平。她上前向他提起当年互动情景，但当时现场挤满人，习近平说“有什么事咱们回头再说”。当天夜里11时许，她接到习近平嘱托工作人员打来的电话，问她有什么建议要提，有什么问题要说。
习近平认为，民主是现代化国家的必然要求，但必须符合国情，中国的民主不应该与西方民主一样。他把中国式民主概括为“全过程人民民主”，称其为社会主义民主政治的本质属性，“实现了过程民主和成果民主、程序民主和实质民主、直接民主和间接民主、人民民主和国家意志相统一”，是“最广泛、最真实、最管用”的民主。习近平说，民主是要用来解决人民需要解决的问题的。
2021年11月5日，习近平在北京市西城区中南海选区怀仁堂投票站参加区人大代表选举投票。新华社记者 鞠鹏 摄
习近平不容忍对社会主义民主制度的挑战。一位亲历者回忆，在2014年1月的十八届中央纪委三次全会上，习近平面对全体中纪委委员和各省纪委官员，用很多时间讲衡阳贿选案，连声追问六个“到哪儿去了”：“这里面的共产党员到哪儿去了？”“市委和市政府到哪儿去了？”“当地人大领导班子和领导干部到哪儿去了？”“当地的纪委到哪儿去了？”“这些人的党纪国法观念到哪儿去了？”“这些人的良知到哪儿去了？”此后，习近平又至少两次提到这一案件。衡阳贿选案中，467人受到责任追究。
在华美籍媒体人伊谷然评价习近平提出的全过程人民民主时说，中国的民主是基于“人民至上”原则的民主。通过改善老百姓的生活、满足人民的需要，民主落到了实处。
中国式现代化实践常常令外国人惊叹的是，它在一个国家覆盖的人口规模自欧洲工业革命以来前所未有。习近平说，光是解决14亿多人的吃饭问题，就是一个不小的挑战。还有就业、分配、教育、医疗、住房、养老、托幼等问题，哪一项解决起来都不容易，哪一项涉及的人群都是天文数字。
习近平在2019年曾以“我将无我，不负人民”来表达他的履职信念、追求和决心。
推进中国式现代化也意味着依法治国踏上新征程。习近平说：“法治和人治问题是人类政治文明史上的一个基本问题，也是各国在实现现代化过程中必须面对和解决的一个重大问题。”他说，推进全面依法治国，根本目的是依法保障人民权益。
中共二十大报告首次将法治建设等内容专章单列，并作出重点部署。去年底，习近平发表署名文章纪念现行宪法公布施行40周年。他要求，更好发挥宪法在治国理政中的重要作用，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家、全面推进中华民族伟大复兴提供坚实保障，并强调“依宪立法”。
人代会上，习近平和其他代表一同投票，通过了关于修改立法法的决定，明确了合宪性审查相关要求。“全过程人民民主”首次被写入这部被称为“管法之法”的法律。
2018年，习近平成为第一位在宪法前宣誓的中国国家主席。今年他再度宣誓：“忠于中华人民共和国宪法，维护宪法权威，履行法定职责，忠于祖国、忠于人民，恪尽职守、廉洁奉公，接受人民监督，为建设富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国努力奋斗！”
四、为世界和平发展贡献智慧和动力的大国领导人
疫情以来习近平更多“云外交”，从去年下半年起，他恢复了频繁的线下外事活动。中共二十大后，他出访东南亚，参加G20峰会、APEC领导人非正式会议；赴中东，出席首届中阿峰会、中海峰会。
参加多边会议期间，习近平会见法国、荷兰、澳大利亚、韩国、日本、印尼、沙特、埃及、伊拉克等数十个国家的领导人，日程安排常常白天连着夜晚，一天很少休息。现场外国工作人员也感慨：“中国的习主席真是太忙了！”
除了两次出访，中共二十大后习近平还在北京接待了多国政要，分别来自越南、巴基斯坦、坦桑尼亚、德国、古巴、蒙古国、老挝、俄罗斯、菲律宾、伊朗、白俄罗斯……有的是首次访华的“新面孔”，有的是多次见面的“老朋友”。
10年来，习近平反复告诉外国友人，中国新发展将为世界带来新机遇，为动荡的世界提供更多稳定性和确定性。他表示，中国“在实现自身发展的同时，为世界各国共同繁荣作出更大贡献”，“‘穷则独善其身，达则兼善天下。’这是中华民族始终崇尚的品德和胸怀”。
当地时间2022年12月9日下午，首届中国－阿拉伯国家峰会在沙特首都利雅得阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王国际会议中心举行。习近平在会上发表题为《弘扬中阿友好精神 携手构建面向新时代的中阿命运共同体》的主旨讲话。新华社记者 谢环驰 摄
“世界杯赛程已经过半，现在是八强，今天晚上就有一场比赛。”在中东之行期间会见卡塔尔埃米尔塔米姆时，习近平用了一段轻松的开场白。
塔米姆埃米尔感谢世界杯的“中国贡献”。他说：“中国企业承建了卡塔尔世界杯主场馆，两只大熊猫抵达卡塔尔为世界杯增添了喜庆气氛。”
塔米姆埃米尔提到的是首都多哈附近的卢塞尔体育场。它是2022年世界杯决赛举办地，被印在卡塔尔发行的纸币上，是“一带一路”的标志性成果。
当地时间2022年11月15日，习近平出席在印度尼西亚巴厘岛举行的二十国集团领导人第十七次峰会并发表题为《共迎时代挑战 共建美好未来》的重要讲话。这是习近平步入会场。新华社记者 鞠鹏 摄
“一带一路”倡议是习近平10年前提出的。它的另一最新成果是印尼首条高铁建成。出席G20峰会后，习近平与印尼总统佐科共同视频观摩雅万高铁试验运行。这条中印尼共建铁路将进一步便利人员和货物的往来，提高人民收入。
10年来，全球已有151个国家、32个国际组织加入“一带一路”大家庭。合作项目使中外双方受益。希腊的比雷埃夫斯港在中方参与经营后从濒临破产发展成为全球增长最快的集装箱港口之一。
“一带一路”倡议和实践是习近平2013年提出的“人类命运共同体”理念的体现。这一理念已载入党章和宪法，也写入联合国等国际组织和多边机制的重要文件。它代表了中国共产党对世界的基本看法和追求。
“各国要树立人类命运共同体意识，倡导和平、发展、合作、共赢，让团结代替分裂、合作代替对抗、包容代替排他，共同破解‘世界怎么了、我们怎么办’这一时代课题，共渡难关，共创未来。”在习近平G20峰会的这篇2500多字演讲中，“发展”一词出现40次，“合作”出现24次。
“无论发展到什么程度，中国永远不称霸、永远不搞扩张。”习近平反复这样宣示。他还说，只要坚持沟通、真诚相处，“修昔底德陷阱”就可以避免，“强国只能追求霸权的主张不适用于中国，中国没有实施这种行动的基因”。
2月，伊朗总统莱希访华。“中国已向世人展示，一个国家完全能够在不搞扩张的情况下发展进步，并帮助其他国家发展。”他在出访前发表的文章中写道。
响应习近平的倡议，沙特和伊朗代表团3月上旬在北京举行会谈并取得成功。三国宣布，沙特和伊朗达成协议，同意恢复双方外交关系。这为当前动荡不安的世界提供了利好消息，传递了明确信号。
“我们是今年2月份见过以后，到现在时间实际上不长，但是不长的时间内，这个世界可又发生了不少事情啊。而且有些事情是重大事件，是一些重大变化。”习近平去年11月在巴厘岛会见联合国秘书长古特雷斯时说。
习近平对古特雷斯说，要看到世界上的和平赤字、发展赤字、安全赤字、治理赤字都在加重，更要看到和平发展合作共赢的历史潮流，总是不可阻挡。
颇受关注的是G20峰会前习近平主席与美国总统拜登的会晤。去年11月14日，过去几年因疫情只能通过视频和电话方式沟通的两国元首面对面坐在一起。会谈采取了更节省时间的同声传译，但仍持续了3个多小时，超过事先商定时长。
习近平说，“中美关系不应该是你输我赢、你兴我衰的零和博弈，中美各自取得成功对彼此是机遇而非挑战”，“中国从来不寻求改变现有国际秩序，不干涉美国内政，无意挑战和取代美国”。拜登说，“一个稳定和发展的中国符合美国和世界的利益。美国尊重中国的体制，不寻求改变中国体制，不寻求‘新冷战’，不寻求通过强化盟友关系反对中国，不支持‘台湾独立’，也不支持‘两个中国’‘一中一台’，无意同中国发生冲突”。
习近平在与欧洲国家领导人的会见中谈到乌克兰危机，强调中国主张停火、止战、和谈的立场。2月底，中国发表涉俄乌立场文件，提出切实保障各国主权、独立和领土完整，严格遵守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，反对使用核武器等主张。
泰国副总理兼外交部长敦·巴穆威奈表示，中国在维护多边主义领域发挥了领导作用。习近平主席提出全球发展倡议与全球安全倡议，反映了中国正为促进世界可持续发展与和平而努力。
“习近平主席是一位为推动解决人类面临的重大问题提供愿景和规划的大国领导人。”英国48家集团俱乐部副主席基思·贝内特说。联合国前秘书长潘基文认为，习近平是一位具有远见卓识的领导人，能够洞察未来。
五、人类文明新形态的开拓建设者
习近平发表新年贺词时，电视观众和网友们从他身后书架上看到，中外文化历史典籍交相辉映：有《中国通史》《全唐诗》《左传》等，也有《全球通史》《世界文明史》《西方通史》《西方哲学史》《莎士比亚全集》等。2023年的书架上多了中国重大文化工程《复兴文库》的部分文献，以及西方学者所著《趋势2030：重塑未来世界的八大趋势》《九大思考：重新审视我们的世界》等。
以读书为“最大爱好”的习近平喜欢思考历史与文明问题，并从中汲取治国理政的智慧。
2022年10月28日下午，习近平在河南省安阳市殷墟博物馆考察。新华社记者 鞠鹏 摄
中共二十大后，习近平首次离京考察调研中，特意来到河南安阳殷墟遗址。他说对殷墟向往已久，这次来是想更深地学习理解中华文明，古为今用，为更好建设中华民族现代文明提供借鉴。
习近平观摩有3000年历史的青铜器、玉器、甲骨文等。他说，“中华文明源远流长，从未中断，塑造了我们伟大的民族，这个民族还会伟大下去的”，“中华优秀传统文化是我们党创新理论的‘根’”。
习近平提出把马克思主义基本原理同中华优秀传统文化相结合。这是继毛泽东提出马克思主义中国化后的又一重大创造，把共产主义信仰、社会主义信念与中华民族千年理想相融通，让中国式现代化具有了价值引领、文化底气和历史支撑。
自青少年时期就热爱古典文化的习近平从中华历史中探寻中国人独有的宇宙观、天下观、社会观和道德观，他认为一个国家的现代化只有植根本国、本民族历史文化沃土，才能枝繁叶茂、历久弥新。
他有次在北京师范大学看望教师时提出，“很不赞成把古代经典诗词和散文从课本中去掉”。2013年11月，他到孔子的出生地曲阜考察，次年又出席孔子诞辰纪念活动。2020年，他到湖南大学岳麓书院考察，望着檐上的“实事求是”匾额，久久凝思。2021年，他走进福建武夷山朱熹园，看到墙上印有朱子名言“国以民为本，社稷亦为民而立”，驻足良久。此前，他曾在一次中共中央政治局集体学习时，借用这句话，诠释民心是最大的政治。
2021年3月22日，习近平在福建省南平武夷山朱熹园，了解朱熹生平及理学研究等情况。新华社记者 鞠鹏 摄
中共二十大召开前一天，习近平批示勉励“中国历代绘画大系”项目组“继续深入挖掘中华文明赓续传承的基因密码”。这个历时17年、涵盖绝大部分传世国宝级绘画珍品的国家级重大文化工程，由习近平亲自批准，在他的持续关注中不断推进。项目负责人张曦回忆，2015年5月，习近平到浙江考察调研，虽只在杭州停留一晚，还是抽出时间接见了他，详细听取了有关工作的汇报。
他在作中共二十大报告时论及中华文明智慧结晶，便有天下为公、民为邦本、为政以德、革故鼎新、任人唯贤、天人合一、自强不息、厚德载物、讲信修睦、亲仁善邻等。
习近平倡导构建人与自然生命共同体，传承了中华民族人与自然和谐共生的生态智慧。他说：“这是对我们自己负责，也是对世界负责。”
“我曾在中国黄土高原的一个小村庄生活多年，当时那里的生态环境受到破坏，百姓生活也陷于贫困。我那时就认识到，对自然的伤害最终会伤及人类自己。”习近平曾在一个国际会议上分享自己对于生态文明的理解。
习近平多次感叹具有5000多年文明、曾长期走在世界前列的中华民族，自近代以来遭受的屈辱和失败。他尤其深刻感受到中国式现代化是“历经千辛万苦、付出巨大代价”才取得的重大成果。
新中国成立后不久出生的习近平亲身经历了当时国家一穷二白的状况——正如他在一次研讨班上所描述的“连日用的煤油、火柴、铁钉都称为洋油、洋火、洋钉”——他也亲眼目睹毛泽东领导的人民共和国逐渐建立起独立的比较完整的工业体系，造出“两弹一星”。他亲身参与到邓小平开创的改革开放事业中，那不是亦步亦趋简单模仿西方国家，而是“走自己的现代化道路”，这一点习近平尤为强调。
习近平说，“我们的现代化既是最难的，也是最伟大的”，“我国14亿多人口要整体迈入现代化社会，其规模超过现有发达国家的总和，将彻底改写现代化的世界版图，在人类历史上是一件有深远影响的大事”。他在谈到中国式现代化的本质要求时，提出这是“人类文明新形态”。
学者们认为，中国式现代化不仅仅意味着中国将用自己的方式，用与美国相当的疆域，使4倍于美国人口的中国人安居乐业、富裕幸福，它对人类文明发展的另一意义在于打破“现代化等于西方化”的迷思，拓展了发展中国家走向现代化的路径选择。
习近平提出，中国式现代化“既要创造比资本主义更高的效率，又要更有效地维护社会公平，更好实现效率与公平相兼顾、相促进、相统一”。
在中共二十大后首次出访之行中，习近平引用“治国之道，富民为始”表明中国要继续推进全体人民共同富裕。这表明，中国不能接受两极分化的格局，而是要让全体人民都过上好日子，不能把哪个群体甩出去不管。
在解决两极分化这个千古难题的努力中，习近平提出了方案，既不搞“养懒人”的“福利主义”那一套，也不搞平均主义“大锅饭”，而是坚持市场和政府相结合、效率和公平相统一，在做大蛋糕的同时分好蛋糕。
他在阐述“中国梦”时，一再重申“五位一体”的中国特色社会主义事业总体布局，物质文明、政治文明、精神文明、社会文明和生态文明这“五大文明”齐头并进。
学者们认为，中国式现代化正努力避免西方现代化过程中出现的以资本为中心、周期性经济危机、金钱政治、党派纷争等弊病，也防止让人只追求物质享受、却没有健康的精神追求和丰富的精神生活，成为社会学家描述的那种“单向度的人”，使丰富多彩的人性蜕变为单一的物质欲望。
英国历史学家汤因比曾预言：“如果中国能够在社会和经济的战略选择方面开辟出一条新路，那么就会证明自己有能力给全世界提供中国与世界都需要的礼物。”
习近平倡导的中国式现代化就是这样的礼物。他说，中国式现代化蕴含的独特世界观、价值观、历史观、文明观、民主观、生态观等及其伟大实践，是对世界现代化理论和实践的重大创新，“化解人类面临的突出矛盾和问题，需要依靠物质的手段攻坚克难，也需要依靠精神的力量诚意正心”。
不少人相信，中国式现代化会深刻影响和改变世界。香港中文大学(深圳)教授郑永年认为，中国式现代化实际上是以中国的方式来应对世界所有国家面临的问题，它的活力源泉，首先主要是经济可持续发展。英国学者马丁·雅克说，中国提出了一条以平等为核心的现代化新道路，将对世界产生巨大影响。法国国际问题专家布鲁诺·吉格说，“中国的实践正推动西方研究者反思其既有观点，比如‘什么是发展’‘什么是民主’‘什么是好的国家治理’。中国给出了不同的答案。”
习近平为中国式现代化建设的成就和前景感到自豪自信，他说：“中国已经可以平视这个世界了。”
2021年7月6日，习近平在北京出席中国共产党与世界政党领导人峰会并发表主旨讲话。新华社记者 李响 摄
但这并不意味着唯我独尊，更无意导致文明的冲突。去年12月，习近平同欧洲客人会谈时指出，中欧是推动人类进步的两大文明；同月，他在沙特报纸发表署名文章说，阿拉伯文明倡导中道平和，鼓励包容互鉴，反对文明冲突，是底蕴深厚的文明；今年2月，他复信希腊学者，祝贺中希文明互鉴中心成立，指出各种文明是各民族历史探索和开拓的丰厚积累，也是今天各民族生存和发展的深层指引。
毛泽东在20世纪50年代说：“中国会变成一个大强国而又使人可亲。”习近平引用关于中国“睡狮”的说法，并指出“中国这头狮子已经醒了，但这是一只和平的、可亲的、文明的狮子”。
他提出，中国不走一些国家通过战争、殖民、掠夺等方式实现现代化的老路，中国的旗帜是和平、发展、合作、共赢，这是中国的制度决定的，也是中国的文化决定的。在他看来，汲取中国传统文化中的讲信修睦、亲仁善邻等价值，能把人类命运共同体理念与协和万邦的邦交之道相融通。
“弘扬和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值”在中共二十大上被写入党章。中共理论界认为，这彰显了中国式现代化的“进步与高尚”。
Xi Jinping also modestly proposed that socialism in the primary stage must earnestly study and draw lessons from the beneficial civilizational achievements created by capitalism, and even face the criticism that people use the strengths of Western developed countries to compare the shortcomings of my country's socialist development and criticize them. Reality.
"Advancing Chinese-style modernization is an exploratory undertaking, and there are still many unknown areas that require us to boldly explore in practice." Xi Jinping said.
"Those who do will always succeed, those who do will always come, and history will not disappoint those who do it." (Reporters Wang Jinye, Meng Na, Li Zhihui, Xu Lingui, Gui Tao, Zhang Bowen, Yao Yulin)