Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 13th
Legislative Law of the People's Republic of China
(Adopted at the third meeting of the Ninth National People's Congress on March 15, 2000, in accordance with the "Decision on Amending the Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China" at the third meeting of the Twelfth National People's Congress on March 15, 2015 "The first revision was based on the second revision of the "Decision on Amending the Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China" at the first meeting of the Fourteenth National People's Congress on March 13, 2023)
Table of contents
Chapter 1 General Provisions
Chapter II Law
Section 1 Legislative power
Section 2 Legislative Procedures of the National People's Congress
Section 3 Legislative Procedures of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
Section 4 Legal Interpretation
Section 5 Other Provisions
Chapter III Administrative Regulations
Chapter IV Local Regulations, Autonomous Regulations, Separate Regulations and Rules
Section 1 Local Regulations, Autonomous Regulations and Separate Regulations
Section 2 Regulations
Chapter V Application and Filing Review
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Chapter 1 General Provisions
Article 1 In order to standardize legislative activities, improve the national legislative system, improve the quality of legislation, improve the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, give play to the guiding and promoting role of legislation, safeguard and develop socialist democracy, comprehensively promote the rule of law, and build a socialist country ruled by law , in accordance with the Constitution, enact this Law.
Article 2 This Law shall apply to the enactment, revision and abolition of laws, administrative regulations, local regulations, autonomous regulations and separate regulations.
The formulation, modification and abolition of departmental regulations of the State Council and local government regulations shall be governed by the relevant provisions of this Law.
Article 3 Legislation should adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China, adhere to the guidance of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of "Three Represents", the Scientific Outlook on Development, and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and promote a society with Chinese characteristics The construction of the socialist rule of law system guarantees the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country on the track of the rule of law.
Article 4 Legislation should adhere to economic construction as the center, adhere to reform and opening up, implement new development concepts, and ensure that Chinese-style modernization comprehensively promotes the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Article 5 Legislation shall conform to the provisions, principles, and spirit of the Constitution, follow statutory authority and procedures, and proceed from the overall interests of the country to maintain the unity, dignity, and authority of the socialist legal system.
Article 6 Legislation shall uphold and develop people's democracy throughout the process, respect and protect human rights, and safeguard and promote social fairness and justice.
Legislation should reflect the will of the people, promote socialist democracy, adhere to the openness of legislation, and ensure that the people participate in legislative activities through various channels.
Article 7 Legislation should proceed from reality, adapt to the requirements of economic and social development and comprehensive deepening of reforms, and scientifically and rationally stipulate the rights and obligations of citizens, legal persons and other organizations, and the powers and responsibilities of state organs.
Legal norms should be clear, specific, pertinent and enforceable.
Article 8 Legislation should advocate and carry forward the socialist core values, adhere to the combination of ruling the country by law and ruling the country by virtue, strengthen the sense of community of the Chinese nation, and promote the construction of socialist spiritual civilization.
Article 9 Legislation shall meet the needs of reform, adhere to the unity of promoting reform under the rule of law and improving the rule of law during reform, guide, promote, standardize, and guarantee relevant reforms, and give full play to the important role of the rule of law in the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities.
Chapter II Law
Section 1 Legislative power
Article 10 The National People's Congress and the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress exercise state legislative power in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.
The National People's Congress formulates and revises criminal, civil, state agency and other basic laws.
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress enacts and revises laws other than those that should be enacted by the National People's Congress; when the National People's Congress is not in session, it partially supplements and amends the laws enacted by the National People's Congress. fundamental principles of the law.
The National People's Congress may authorize the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress to formulate relevant laws.
Article 11 The following matters can only be enacted by law:
(1) matters of national sovereignty;
(2) The formation, organization and powers of people's congresses at all levels, people's governments, supervisory committees, people's courts and people's procuratorates;
(3) The system of regional ethnic autonomy, the system of special administrative regions, and the system of self-government at the grassroots level;
(4) crimes and penalties;
(5) Deprivation of citizens' political rights, compulsory measures and punishments restricting personal freedom;
(6) Basic systems of taxation such as the establishment of tax categories, determination of tax rates, and tax collection management;
(7) Expropriation and expropriation of non-state-owned property;
(8) Basic civil system;
(9) The basic economic system and the basic system of finance, customs, finance and foreign trade;
(10) Litigation system and basic arbitration system;
(11) Other matters that must be enacted by the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee.
Article 12 If the matters specified in Article 11 of this Law have not yet been enacted, the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee have the power to make a decision and authorize the State Council to formulate administrative regulations on some of the matters in accordance with actual needs. Crimes and penalties, deprivation of citizens' political rights and compulsory measures and punishments restricting personal freedom, judicial system and other matters are excluded.
Article 13 The authorization decision shall specify the purpose, matters, scope, and time limit of the authorization, as well as the principles that the authorized authority shall follow in implementing the authorization decision.
The period of authorization shall not exceed five years, unless otherwise stipulated in the authorization decision.
The authorized organ shall, six months before the expiry of the authorization period, report to the authorizing organ the implementation of the authorization decision, and put forward opinions on whether it is necessary to formulate relevant laws; Its Standing Committee decides.
Article 14: For legislative matters authorized by practice, the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee shall enact laws in a timely manner when the conditions for enacting laws are ripe after practice tests.
After the enactment of a law, the authorization of the corresponding legislative matter is terminated.
Article 15 Authorized organs shall exercise the delegated powers strictly in accordance with the authorization decision.
Authorized agencies shall not delegate the delegated powers to other agencies.
Article 16 The National People's Congress and its Standing Committee may, according to the needs of reform and development, decide to temporarily adjust or temporarily suspend the application of certain provisions of the law on specific matters within the prescribed time limit and scope.
If it is proved feasible to temporarily adjust or temporarily suspend the application of part of the law, the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee shall amend the relevant law in a timely manner; if the conditions for amending the law are not yet mature, the period of authorization may be extended, or the implementation may be resumed. Relevant laws and regulations.
Section 2 Legislative Procedures of the National People's Congress
Article 17 The Presidium of the National People's Congress may propose legal bills to the National People's Congress for deliberation at a session of the National People's Congress.
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the State Council, the Central Military Commission, the State Supervisory Commission, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and various special committees of the National People's Congress may propose legal bills to the National People's Congress, which shall be included in the agenda of the meeting by the Bureau .
Article 18 A delegation or more than 30 deputies jointly may propose a bill to the National People's Congress, and the bureau shall decide whether to include it in the agenda of the meeting, or first submit it to the relevant special committee for deliberation and propose whether to include it in the agenda of the meeting opinion, and then decide whether to include it in the agenda of the meeting.
When the special committee deliberates, the proposer may be invited to attend the meeting and express opinions.
Article 19 A legal bill proposed to the National People's Congress may first be proposed to the Standing Committee when the National People's Congress is not in session, and the Standing Committee shall, after deliberation in accordance with the relevant procedures stipulated in Section 3 of Chapter II of this Law, make a decision It shall be submitted to the National People's Congress for deliberation, and the Standing Committee shall make an explanation to the plenary meeting of the congress, or the proposer shall make an explanation to the plenary meeting of the congress.
When deliberating bills in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the Standing Committee shall solicit the opinions of the deputies of the National People's Congress in various forms and give feedback on the relevant situation; the special committees and the working bodies of the Standing Committee may invite the relevant National People's Congress to conduct legislative research. Representatives participate.
Article 20 For bills that the Standing Committee decides to submit to the National People's Congress for deliberation, it shall distribute the draft law to the representatives one month before the meeting, and may organize deputies to study and discuss it in due course, soliciting their opinions.
Article 21 For bills included in the agenda of the National People's Congress, the plenary session of the congress hears the explanations of the proposers and is deliberated by the delegations.
When each delegation deliberates on a bill, the proposer should send someone to hear opinions and answer inquiries.
When the delegations deliberate on bills, relevant agencies and organizations should send personnel to brief them at the request of the delegations.
Article 22 Bills that are included in the agenda of the National People's Congress shall be deliberated by relevant special committees, submit deliberation opinions to the presidium, and issue them to the meeting.
Article 23 For bills that are included in the agenda of the National People's Congress, the Constitution and Law Committee shall review the bills in a unified manner based on the deliberation opinions of the delegations and relevant special committees, and submit a report on the deliberation results and legal For the revised draft, the constitutional issues involved and important different opinions should be explained in the deliberation result report, and after deliberation and approval by the presidium meeting, it will be issued to the meeting.
Article 24 For bills that are included in the agenda of the National People's Congress, when necessary, the standing chairman of the presidium may call a meeting of heads of delegations to listen to the deliberation opinions of the delegations on major issues in the bill and discuss them. Report the discussions and opinions to the Bureau.
The standing chairman of the presidium may also convene relevant representatives elected by the delegation to discuss major and specialized issues in the bill, and report the discussions and opinions to the presidium.
Article 25 If a bill that is included in the agenda of a National People's Congress meeting is submitted for voting, if the proposer requests to withdraw it, he shall explain the reasons, and with the approval of the presidium, and report to the congress, the deliberation of the bill shall be terminated immediately.
Article 26 If there are major issues in the deliberation of a bill that require further study, upon proposal by the presidium, the plenary meeting of the conference may authorize the Standing Committee to further deliberate and make a decision based on the opinions of the deputies, and report the decision to the National People's Deputies. Report to the next meeting of the National People's Congress; the Standing Committee may also be authorized to further deliberate on the opinions of the representatives, propose amendments, and submit it to the next meeting of the National People's Congress for deliberation and decision.
Article 27 The revision of the draft law has been deliberated by the delegations, and the Constitution and Law Committee shall revise it according to the deliberation opinions of the delegations, and put forward the draft law for voting. pass.
Article 28 Laws passed by the National People's Congress shall be promulgated by Presidential Decree signed by the President of the State.
Section 3 Legislative Procedures of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
Article 29 The chairmen's meeting may propose bills to the Standing Committee for deliberation at a meeting of the Standing Committee.
The State Council, the Central Military Commission, the State Supervisory Commission, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and the special committees of the National People's Congress may submit legal bills to the Standing Committee, which shall be included in the agenda of the Standing Committee's meeting by the chairman's meeting, or submitted to relevant departments first. The special committee deliberates, submits a report, and then decides to include it in the agenda of the standing committee meeting.
If the chairmen's meeting finds that there are major problems in the bill that need further study, it can suggest that the proposer revise and improve it before submitting it to the Standing Committee.
Article 30 The Standing Committee consists of more than ten members who jointly sign a bill to the Standing Committee, and the chairmen's meeting decides whether to include it in the agenda of the Standing Committee meeting, or first submits it to the relevant special committee for deliberation and proposes whether to include it in the agenda of the meeting. opinions, and then decide whether to include them in the agenda of the Standing Committee meeting.
If it is not included in the agenda of the Standing Committee meeting, it shall be reported to the Standing Committee meeting or explained to the proposer.
When the special committee deliberates, the proposer may be invited to attend the meeting and express opinions.
Article 31 For a bill to be included in the agenda of a meeting of the Standing Committee, except for special circumstances, the draft law shall be sent to the members of the Standing Committee seven days before the meeting.
When deliberating a bill at a meeting of the Standing Committee, the relevant deputies to the National People's Congress shall be invited to attend the meeting.
Article 32 A bill that is included in the agenda of a meeting of the Standing Committee shall generally be deliberated at three meetings of the Standing Committee before being voted on.
The standing committee meeting deliberates the bill for the first time, and the proposal is heard at the plenary meeting, and the preliminary deliberation is carried out at the group meeting.
The standing committee meeting deliberates the bill for the second time, and listens to the report of the Constitution and Law Committee on the revision of the draft law and major issues at the plenary meeting, and further deliberates in group meetings.
The third meeting of the Standing Committee deliberates on bills. The plenary meeting hears the report of the Constitution and Law Committee on the deliberation results of the draft law, and the revised draft law is deliberated at group meetings.
When deliberating a bill, the Standing Committee may hold a joint group meeting or a plenary meeting as needed to discuss the main issues in the draft law.
Article 33 For bills that are included in the agenda of the Standing Committee meeting, if the opinions of all parties are relatively consistent, they may be submitted for voting after deliberation at two meetings of the Standing Committee; If there is a relatively unanimous agreement, or if there is an emergency, it may be submitted to a vote after deliberation at a meeting of the Standing Committee.
Article 34 When the Standing Committee discusses bills in groups, the proposer shall send someone to hear opinions and answer inquiries.
When the Standing Committee deliberates bills in groups, relevant agencies and organizations should send people to introduce the situation according to the requirements of the groups.
Article 35 Bills that are included in the agenda of a meeting of the Standing Committee shall be deliberated by the relevant special committees, and opinions for deliberation shall be put forward and issued at the meeting of the Standing Committee.
When a relevant special committee deliberates a bill, it may invite members of other special committees to attend the meeting and express their opinions.
Article 36 For bills that are included in the agenda of a meeting of the Standing Committee, the Constitution and Law Committee shall conduct a unified deliberation on the bill based on the members of the Standing Committee, the deliberation opinions of the relevant special committees and the opinions put forward by various parties, and propose amendments. The report or review result report and the revision of the draft law shall explain the constitutionality issues involved and important different opinions in the revision report or review result report.
If the deliberation opinions of the relevant special committees are not adopted, feedback shall be made to the relevant special committees.
When the Constitution and Law Committee deliberates bills, it shall invite members of the relevant special committees to attend the meeting and express their opinions.
Article 37 When a special committee deliberates a bill, it shall convene a plenary meeting for deliberation, and may request relevant organs and organizations to send relevant responsible persons to explain the situation as needed.
Article 38 When the special committees disagree on important issues in the draft law, they shall report to the chairmen's meeting.
Article 39 For bills on the agenda of a meeting of the Standing Committee, the Constitution and Law Committee, relevant special committees and the working body of the Standing Committee shall listen to opinions from all sides.
Hearing opinions can take various forms such as symposiums, demonstration meetings, and hearings.
If the issues related to a bill are highly specialized and need to be evaluated for feasibility, a demonstration meeting shall be held to listen to the opinions of relevant experts, departments, and representatives of the National People's Congress.
The demonstration shall be reported to the Standing Committee.
Where there is a major difference of opinion on issues related to a bill or a major adjustment of interests is involved, and a hearing is required, a hearing shall be held to hear the opinions of relevant grassroots and group representatives, departments, people's organizations, experts, representatives of the National People's Congress, and relevant social parties. .
The hearing situation shall be reported to the Standing Committee.
The working body of the Standing Committee shall send the draft law to deputies to the National People's Congress in relevant fields, the standing committees of local people's congresses, and relevant departments, organizations, and experts for comments.
Article 40 For bills that are included in the agenda of a meeting of the Standing Committee, the draft law and its drafting and revision instructions shall be released to the public after the meeting of the Standing Committee for soliciting opinions, except for those bills that have been decided not to be published by the chairman's meeting.
The period for soliciting opinions from the public is generally not less than 30 days.
The situation of soliciting opinions shall be notified to the public.
Article 41 For bills that are included in the agenda of a meeting of the Standing Committee, the working body of the Standing Committee shall collect and sort out opinions submitted by groups for deliberation, opinions raised by various parties, and other relevant materials, and distribute them to the Constitutional and Legal Committee and relevant special committees, and Print and distribute Standing Committee meetings as needed.
Article 42 For bills to be submitted to the Standing Committee for deliberation and approval, before the Constitution and Law Committee submits a review result report, the working body of the Standing Committee may review the feasibility of the main institutional norms in the draft law, the timing of the introduction of the law, and the implementation of the law. Social effects and possible problems are evaluated.
The status of the assessment is explained by the Constitutional and Legal Committee in the report on the outcome of its deliberations.
Article 43 For a bill that is included in the agenda of a meeting of the Standing Committee, if the proposer requests to withdraw it before it is voted on, the reason shall be explained, and the deliberation of the bill shall be terminated immediately upon the approval of the Chairmen’s Meeting and a report to the Standing Committee. .
Article 44 The revision of the draft law shall be deliberated at the meeting of the Standing Committee, and the Constitution and Law Committee shall revise it according to the deliberation opinions of the members of the Standing Committee, and put forward the draft law for voting. Passed by a majority of all committee members.
Before the voting draft of a law is submitted to the Standing Committee meeting for voting, the chairmen's meeting may, based on the deliberations of the Standing Committee meeting, decide to submit individual important articles with relatively large differences of opinion to the Standing Committee meeting for separate voting.
After the standing committee meeting votes on the terms of separate voting, the chairmen's meeting may decide to submit the draft law for voting according to the situation of separate voting, or decide not to vote for the time being and submit it to the Constitutional and Legal Committee and relevant special committees for further deliberation. .
Article 45 A legal bill included in the deliberation of the Standing Committee meeting has been shelved for two years due to major differences of opinion on major issues such as the necessity and feasibility of enacting the law, or it has not been voted on for the time being. If it has not been included in the agenda of the Standing Committee meeting for deliberation again after two years, the Chairman's Meeting may decide to terminate the deliberation and report to the Standing Committee; when necessary, the Chairman's Meeting may also decide to postpone the deliberation.
Article 46 Where individual clauses involving similar matters in multiple laws are amended and bills are proposed together, they may be voted jointly or separately upon decision of the chairmen's meeting.
Article 47 Laws passed by the Standing Committee shall be promulgated by Presidential Decree signed by the President of the State.
Section 4 Legal Interpretation
Article 48 The power to interpret laws belongs to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.
Under any of the following circumstances, the law shall be interpreted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress:
(1) The legal provisions need to further clarify the specific meaning;
(2) A new situation arises after the enactment of the law, and it is necessary to clarify the applicable legal basis.
Article 49: The State Council, the Central Military Commission, the National Supervisory Commission, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and the special committees of the National People's Congress may submit requests for legal interpretation or submit relevant legal bills to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.
The standing committees of the people's congresses of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government may submit requests for legal interpretation to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.
Article 50 The working body of the Standing Committee shall study and formulate a draft legal interpretation, which shall be included in the agenda of the Standing Committee meeting by the chairman's meeting.
第五十一条 法律解释草案经常务委员会会议审议，由宪法和法律委员会根据常务委员会组成人员的审议意见进行审议、修改，提出法律解释草案表决稿。
第五十二条 法律解释草案表决稿由常务委员会全体组成人员的过半数通过，由常务委员会发布公告予以公布。
第五十三条 全国人民代表大会常务委员会的法律解释同法律具有同等效力。
第五节 其他规定
第五十四条 全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会加强对立法工作的组织协调，发挥在立法工作中的主导作用。
第五十五条 全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会坚持科学立法、民主立法、依法立法，通过制定、修改、废止、解释法律和编纂法典等多种形式，增强立法的系统性、整体性、协同性、时效性。
第五十六条 全国人民代表大会常务委员会通过立法规划和年度立法计划、专项立法计划等形式，加强对立法工作的统筹安排。编制立法规划和立法计划，应当认真研究代表议案和建议，广泛征集意见，科学论证评估，根据经济社会发展和民主法治建设的需要，按照加强重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法的要求，确定立法项目。立法规划和立法计划由委员长会议通过并向社会公布。
全国人民代表大会常务委员会工作机构负责编制立法规划、拟订立法计划，并按照全国人民代表大会常务委员会的要求，督促立法规划和立法计划的落实。
第五十七条 全国人民代表大会有关的专门委员会、常务委员会工作机构应当提前参与有关方面的法律草案起草工作；综合性、全局性、基础性的重要法律草案，可以由有关的专门委员会或者常务委员会工作机构组织起草。
专业性较强的法律草案，可以吸收相关领域的专家参与起草工作，或者委托有关专家、教学科研单位、社会组织起草。
第五十八条 提出法律案，应当同时提出法律草案文本及其说明，并提供必要的参阅资料。修改法律的，还应当提交修改前后的对照文本。法律草案的说明应当包括制定或者修改法律的必要性、可行性和主要内容，涉及合宪性问题的相关意见以及起草过程中对重大分歧意见的协调处理情况。
第五十九条 向全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会提出的法律案，在列入会议议程前，提案人有权撤回。
第六十条 交付全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会全体会议表决未获得通过的法律案，如果提案人认为必须制定该法律，可以按照法律规定的程序重新提出，由主席团、委员长会议决定是否列入会议议程；其中，未获得全国人民代表大会通过的法律案，应当提请全国人民代表大会审议决定。
第六十一条 法律应当明确规定施行日期。
第六十二条 签署公布法律的主席令载明该法律的制定机关、通过和施行日期。
法律签署公布后，法律文疽约胺刹莅傅乃得鳌⑸笠榻峁？ǜ娴龋？Φ奔笆痹谌？？嗣翊？泶蠡岢Ｎ裎？被峁？ê椭泄？舜笸？约霸谌？？段诜⑿械谋ㄖ缴峡？亍�
在常务委员会公报上刊登的法律文本为标准文本。
第六十三条 法律的修改和废止程序，适用本章的有关规定。
法律被修改的，应当公布新的法律文本。
法律被废止的，除由其他法律规定废止该法律的以外，由国家主席签署主席令予以公布。
第六十四条 法律草案与其他法律相关规定不一致的，提案人应当予以说明并提出处理意见，必要时应当同时提出修改或者废止其他法律相关规定的议案。
宪法和法律委员会、有关的专门委员会审议法律案时，认为需要修改或者废止其他法律相关规定的，应当提出处理意见。
第六十五条 法律根据内容需要，可以分编、章、节、条、款、项、目。
编、章、节、条的序号用中文数字依次表述，款不编序号，项的序号用中文数字加括号依次表述，目的序号用阿拉伯数字依次表述。
法律标题的题注应当载明制定机关、通过日期。经过修改的法律，应当依次载明修改机关、修改日期。
全国人民代表大会常务委员会工作机构编制立法技术规范。
第六十六条 法律规定明确要求有关国家机关对专门事项作出配套的具体规定的，有关国家机关应当自法律施行之日起一年内作出规定，法律对配套的具体规定制定期限另有规定的，从其规定。有关国家机关未能在期限内作出配套的具体规定的，应当向全国人民代表大会常务委员会说明情况。
第六十七条 全国人民代表大会有关的专门委员会、常务委员会工作机构可以组织对有关法律或者法律中有关规定进行立法后评估。评估情况应当向常务委员会报告。
第六十八条 全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会作出有关法律问题的决定，适用本法的有关规定。
第六十九条 全国人民代表大会常务委员会工作机构可以对有关具体问题的法律询问进行研究予以答复，并报常务委员会备案。
第七十条 全国人民代表大会常务委员会工作机构根据实际需要设立基层立法联系点，深入听取基层群众和有关方面对法律草案和立法工作的意见。
第七十一条 全国人民代表大会常务委员会工作机构加强立法宣传工作，通过多种形式发布立法信息、介绍情况、回应关切。
第三章 行政法规
第七十二条 国务院根据宪法和法律，制定行政法规。
行政法规可以就下列事项作出规定：
（一）为执行法律的规定需要制定行政法规的事项；
（二）宪法第八十九条规定的国务院行政管理职权的事项。
应当由全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定法律的事项，国务院根据全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会的授权决定先制定的行政法规，经过实践检验，制定法律的条件成熟时，国务院应当及时提请全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定法律。
第七十三条 国务院法制机构应当根据国家总体工作部署拟订国务院年度立法计划，报国务院审批。国务院年度立法计划中的法律项目应当与全国人民代表大会常务委员会的立法规划和立法计划相衔接。国务院法制机构应当及时跟踪了解国务院各部门落实立法计划的情况，加强组织协调和督促指导。
国务院有关部门认为需要制定行政法规的，应当向国务院报请立项。
第七十四条 行政法规由国务院有关部门或者国务院法制机构具体负责起草，重要行政管理的法律、行政法规草案由国务院法制机构组织起草。行政法规在起草过程中，应当广泛听取有关机关、组织、人民代表大会代表和社会公众的意见。听取意见可以采取座谈会、论证会、听证会等多种形式。
行政法规草案应当向社会公布，征求意见，但是经国务院决定不公布的除外。
第七十五条 行政法规起草工作完成后，起草单位应当将草案及其说明、各方面对草案主要问题的不同意见和其他有关资料送国务院法制机构进行审查。
国务院法制机构应当向国务院提出审查报告和草案修改稿，审查报告应当对草案主要问题作出说明。
第七十六条 行政法规的决定程序依照中华人民共和国国务院组织法的有关规定办理。
第七十七条 行政法规由总理签署国务院令公布。
有关国防建设的行政法规，可以由国务院总理、中央军事委员会主席共同签署国务院、中央军事委员会令公布。
第七十八条 行政法规签署公布后，及时在国务院公报和中国政府法制信息网以及在全国范围内发行的报纸上刊载。
在国务院公报上刊登的行政法规文本为标准文本。
第七十九条 国务院可以根据改革发展的需要，决定就行政管理等领域的特定事项，在规定期限和范围内暂时调整或者暂时停止适用行政法规的部分规定。
第四章 地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章
第一节 地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例
第八十条 省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会根据本行政区域的具体情况和实际需要，在不同宪法、法律、行政法规相抵触的前提下，可以制定地方性法规。
第八十一条 设区的市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会根据本市的具体情况和实际需要，在不同宪法、法律、行政法规和本省、自治区的地方性法规相抵触的前提下，可以对城乡建设与管理、生态文明建设、历史文化保护、基层治理等方面的事项制定地方性法规，法律对设区的市制定地方性法规的事项另有规定的，从其规定。设区的市的地方性法规须报省、自治区的人民代表大会常务委员会批准后施行。省、自治区的人民代表大会常务委员会对报请批准的地方性法规，应当对其合法性进行审查，认为同宪法、法律、行政法规和本省、自治区的地方性法规不抵触的，应当在四个月内予以批准。
省、自治区的人民代表大会常务委员会在对报请批准的设区的市的地方性法规进行审查时，发现其同本省、自治区的人民政府的规章相抵触的，应当作出处理决定。
除省、自治区的人民政府所在地的市，经济特区所在地的市和国务院已经批准的较大的市以外，其他设区的市开始制定地方性法规的具体步骤和时间，由省、自治区的人民代表大会常务委员会综合考虑本省、自治区所辖的设区的市的人口数量、地域面积、经济社会发展情况以及立法需求、立法能力等因素确定，并报全国人民代表大会常务委员会和国务院备案。
自治州的人民代表大会及其常务委员会可以依照本条第一款规定行使设区的市制定地方性法规的职权。自治州开始制定地方性法规的具体步骤和时间，依照前款规定确定。
省、自治区的人民政府所在地的市，经济特区所在地的市和国务院已经批准的较大的市已经制定的地方性法规，涉及本条第一款规定事项范围以外的，继续有效。
第八十二条 地方性法规可以就下列事项作出规定：
（一）为执行法律、行政法规的规定，需要根据本行政区域的实际情况作具体规定的事项；
（二）属于地方性事务需要制定地方性法规的事项。
除本法第十一条规定的事项外，其他事项国家尚未制定法律或者行政法规的，省、自治区、直辖市和设区的市、自治州根据本地方的具体情况和实际需要，可以先制定地方性法规。在国家制定的法律或者行政法规生效后，地方性法规同法律或者行政法规相抵触的规定无效，制定机关应当及时予以修改或者废止。
设区的市、自治州根据本条第一款、第二款制定地方性法规，限于本法第八十一条第一款规定的事项。
制定地方性法规，对上位法已经明确规定的内容，一般不作重复性规定。
第八十三条 省、自治区、直辖市和设区的市、自治州的人民代表大会及其常务委员会根据区域协调发展的需要，可以协同制定地方性法规，在本行政区域或者有关区域内实施。
省、自治区、直辖市和设区的市、自治州可以建立区域协同立法工作机制。
第八十四条 经济特区所在地的省、市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会根据全国人民代表大会的授权决定，制定法规，在经济特区范围内实施。
上海市人民代表大会及其常务委员会根据全国人民代表大会常务委员会的授权决定，制定浦东新区法规，在浦东新区实施。
海南省人民代表大会及其常务委员会根据法律规定，制定海南自由贸易港法规，在海南自由贸易港范围内实施。
第八十五条 民族自治地方的人民代表大会有权依照当地民族的政治、经济和文化的特点，制定自治条例和单行条例。自治区的自治条例和单行条例，报全国人民代表大会常务委员会批准后生效。自治州、自治县的自治条例和单行条例，报省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会常务委员会批准后生效。
自治条例和单行条例可以依照当地民族的特点，对法律和行政法规的规定作出变通规定，但不得违背法律或者行政法规的基本原则，不得对宪法和民族区域自治法的规定以及其他有关法律、行政法规专门就民族自治地方所作的规定作出变通规定。
第八十六条 规定本行政区域特别重大事项的地方性法规，应当由人民代表大会通过。
第八十七条 地方性法规案、自治条例和单行条例案的提出、审议和表决程序，根据中华人民共和国地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府组织法，参照本法第二章第二节、第三节、第五节的规定，由本级人民代表大会规定。
地方性法规草案由负责统一审议的机构提出审议结果的报告和草案修改稿。
第八十八条 省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会制定的地方性法规由大会主席团发布公告予以公布。
省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会常务委员会制定的地方性法规由常务委员会发布公告予以公布。
设区的市、自治州的人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定的地方性法规报经批准后，由设区的市、自治州的人民代表大会常务委员会发布公告予以公布。
自治条例和单行条例报经批准后，分别由自治区、自治州、自治县的人民代表大会常务委员会发布公告予以公布。
第八十九条 地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例公布后，其文本以及草案的说明、审议结果报告等，应当及时在本级人民代表大会常务委员会公报和中国人大网、本地方人民代表大会网站以及在本行政区域范围内发行的报纸上刊载。
在常务委员会公报上刊登的地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例文本为标准文本。
第九十条 省、自治区、直辖市和设区的市、自治州的人民代表大会常务委员会根据实际需要设立基层立法联系点，深入听取基层群众和有关方面对地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例草案的意见。
第二节 规章
第九十一条 国务院各部、委员会、中国人民银行、审计署和具有行政管理职能的直属机构以及法律规定的机构，可以根据法律和国务院的行政法规、决定、命令，在本部门的权限范围内，制定规章。
部门规章规定的事项应当属于执行法律或者国务院的行政法规、决定、命令的事项。没有法律或者国务院的行政法规、决定、命令的依据，部门规章不得设定减损公民、法人和其他组织权利或者增加其义务的规范，不得增加本部门的权力或者减少本部门的法定职责。
第九十二条 涉及两个以上国务院部门职权范围的事项，应当提请国务院制定行政法规或者由国务院有关部门联合制定规章。
第九十三条 省、自治区、直辖市和设区的市、自治州的人民政府，可以根据法律、行政法规和本省、自治区、直辖市的地方性法规，制定规章。
地方政府规章可以就下列事项作出规定：
（一）为执行法律、行政法规、地方性法规的规定需要制定规章的事项；
（二）属于本行政区域的具体行政管理事项。
设区的市、自治州的人民政府根据本条第一款、第二款制定地方政府规章，限于城乡建设与管理、生态文明建设、历史文化保护、基层治理等方面的事项。已经制定的地方政府规章，涉及上述事项范围以外的，继续有效。
除省、自治区的人民政府所在地的市，经济特区所在地的市和国务院已经批准的较大的市以外，其他设区的市、自治州的人民政府开始制定规章的时间，与本省、自治区人民代表大会常务委员会确定的本市、自治州开始制定地方性法规的时间同步。
应当制定地方性法规但条件尚不成熟的，因行政管理迫切需要，可以先制定地方政府规章。规章实施满两年需要继续实施规章所规定的行政措施的，应当提请本级人民代表大会或者其常务委员会制定地方性法规。
没有法律、行政法规、地方性法规的依据，地方政府规章不得设定减损公民、法人和其他组织权利或者增加其义务的规范。
第九十四条 国务院部门规章和地方政府规章的制定程序，参照本法第三章的规定，由国务院规定。
第九十五条 部门规章应当经部务会议或者委员会会议决定。
地方政府规章应当经政府常务会议或者全体会议决定。
第九十六条 部门规章由部门首长签署命令予以公布。
地方政府规章由省长、自治区主席、市长或者自治州州长签署命令予以公布。
第九十七条 部门规章签署公布后，及时在国务院公报或者部门公报和中国政府法制信息网以及在全国范围内发行的报纸上刊载。
地方政府规章签署公布后，及时在本级人民政府公报和中国政府法制信息网以及在本行政区域范围内发行的报纸上刊载。
在国务院公报或者部门公报和地方人民政府公报上刊登的规章文本为标准文本。
第五章 适用与备案审查
第九十八条 宪法具有最高的法律效力，一切法律、行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章都不得同宪法相抵触。
第九十九条 法律的效力高于行政法规、地方性法规、规章。
行政法规的效力高于地方性法规、规章。
第一百条 地方性法规的效力高于本级和下级地方政府规章。
省、自治区的人民政府制定的规章的效力高于本行政区域内的设区的市、自治州的人民政府制定的规章。
第一百零一条 自治条例和单行条例依法对法律、行政法规、地方性法规作变通规定的，在本自治地方适用自治条例和单行条例的规定。
经济特区法规根据授权对法律、行政法规、地方性法规作变通规定的，在本经济特区适用经济特区法规的规定。
第一百零二条 部门规章之间、部门规章与地方政府规章之间具有同等效力，在各自的权限范围内施行。
第一百零三条 同一机关制定的法律、行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章，特别规定与一般规定不一致的，适用特别规定；新的规定与旧的规定不一致的，适用新的规定。
第一百零四条 法律、行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章不溯及既往，但为了更好地保护公民、法人和其他组织的权利和利益而作的特别规定除外。
第一百零五条 法律之间对同一事项的新的一般规定与旧的特别规定不一致，不能确定如何适用时，由全国人民代表大会常务委员会裁决。
行政法规之间对同一事项的新的一般规定与旧的特别规定不一致，不能确定如何适用时，由国务院裁决。
第一百零六条 地方性法规、规章之间不一致时，由有关机关依照下列规定的权限作出裁决：
（一）同一机关制定的新的一般规定与旧的特别规定不一致时，由制定机关裁决；
（二）地方性法规与部门规章之间对同一事项的规定不一致，不能确定如何适用时，由国务院提出意见，国务院认为应当适用地方性法规的，应当决定在该地方适用地方性法规的规定；认为应当适用部门规章的，应当提请全国人民代表大会常务委员会裁决；
（三）部门规章之间、部门规章与地方政府规章之间对同一事项的规定不一致时，由国务院裁决。
根据授权制定的法规与法律规定不一致，不能确定如何适用时，由全国人民代表大会常务委员会裁决。
第一百零七条 法律、行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章有下列情形之一的，由有关机关依照本法第一百零八条规定的权限予以改变或者撤销：
（一）超越权限的；
（二）下位法违反上位法规定的；
（三）规章之间对同一事项的规定不一致，经裁决应当改变或者撤销一方的规定的；
（四）规章的规定被认为不适当，应当予以改变或者撤销的；
（五）违背法定程序的。
第一百零八条 改变或者撤销法律、行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章的权限是：
（一）全国人民代表大会有权改变或者撤销它的常务委员会制定的不适当的法律，有权撤销全国人民代表大会常务委员会批准的违背宪法和本法第八十五条第二款规定的自治条例和单行条例；
（二）全国人民代表大会常务委员会有权撤销同宪法和法律相抵触的行政法规，有权撤销同宪法、法律和行政法规相抵触的地方性法规，有权撤销省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会常务委员会批准的违背宪法和本法第八十五条第二款规定的自治条例和单行条例；
（三）国务院有权改变或者撤销不适当的部门规章和地方政府规章；
（四）省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会有权改变或者撤销它的常务委员会制定的和批准的不适当的地方性法规；
（五）地方人民代表大会常务委员会有权撤销本级人民政府制定的不适当的规章；
（六）省、自治区的人民政府有权改变或者撤销下一级人民政府制定的不适当的规章；
（七）授权机关有权撤销被授权机关制定的超越授权范围或者违背授权目的的法规，必要时可以撤销授权。
第一百零九条 行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章应当在公布后的三十日内依照下列规定报有关机关备案：
（一）行政法规报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案；
（二）省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定的地方性法规，报全国人民代表大会常务委员会和国务院备案；设区的市、自治州的人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定的地方性法规，由省、自治区的人民代表大会常务委员会报全国人民代表大会常务委员会和国务院备案；
（三）自治州、自治县的人民代表大会制定的自治条例和单行条例，由省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会常务委员会报全国人民代表大会常务委员会和国务院备案；自治条例、单行条例报送备案时，应当说明对法律、行政法规、地方性法规作出变通的情况；
（四）部门规章和地方政府规章报国务院备案；地方政府规章应当同时报本级人民代表大会常务委员会备案；设区的市、自治州的人民政府制定的规章应当同时报省、自治区的人民代表大会常务委员会和人民政府备案；
（五）根据授权制定的法规应当报授权决定规定的机关备案；经济特区法规、浦东新区法规、海南自由贸易港法规报送备案时，应当说明变通的情况。
第一百一十条 国务院、中央军事委员会、国家监察委员会、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院和各省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会常务委员会认为行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例同宪法或者法律相抵触，或者存在合宪性、合法性问题的，可以向全国人民代表大会常务委员会书面提出进行审查的要求，由全国人民代表大会有关的专门委员会和常务委员会工作机构进行审查、提出意见。
前款规定以外的其他国家机关和社会团体、企业事业组织以及公民认为行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例同宪法或者法律相抵触的，可以向全国人民代表大会常务委员会书面提出进行审查的建议，由常务委员会工作机构进行审查；必要时，送有关的专门委员会进行审查、提出意见。
第一百一十一条 全国人民代表大会专门委员会、常务委员会工作机构可以对报送备案的行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例等进行主动审查，并可以根据需要进行专项审查。
国务院备案审查工作机构可以对报送备案的地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例，部门规章和省、自治区、直辖市的人民政府制定的规章进行主动审查，并可以根据需要进行专项审查。
第一百一十二条 全国人民代表大会专门委员会、常务委员会工作机构在审查中认为行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例同宪法或者法律相抵触，或者存在合宪性、合法性问题的，可以向制定机关提出书面审查意见；也可以由宪法和法律委员会与有关的专门委员会、常务委员会工作机构召开联合审查会议，要求制定机关到会说明情况，再向制定机关提出书面审查意见。制定机关应当在两个月内研究提出是否修改或者废止的意见，并向全国人民代表大会宪法和法律委员会、有关的专门委员会或者常务委员会工作机构反馈。
全国人民代表大会宪法和法律委员会、有关的专门委员会、常务委员会工作机构根据前款规定，向制定机关提出审查意见，制定机关按照所提意见对行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例进行修改或者废止的，审查终止。
全国人民代表大会宪法和法律委员会、有关的专门委员会、常务委员会工作机构经审查认为行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例同宪法或者法律相抵触，或者存在合宪性、合法性问题需要修改或者废止，而制定机关不予修改或者废止的，应当向委员长会议提出予以撤销的议案、建议，由委员长会议决定提请常务委员会会议审议决定。
第一百一十三条 全国人民代表大会有关的专门委员会、常务委员会工作机构应当按照规定要求，将审查情况向提出审查建议的国家机关、社会团体、企业事业组织以及公民反馈，并可以向社会公开。
第一百一十四条 其他接受备案的机关对报送备案的地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章的审查程序，按照维护法制统一的原则，由接受备案的机关规定。
第一百一十五条 备案审查机关应当建立健全备案审查衔接联动机制，对应当由其他机关处理的审查要求或者审查建议，及时移送有关机关处理。
第一百一十六条 对法律、行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章和其他规范性文件，制定机关根据维护法制统一的原则和改革发展的需要进行清理。
第六章 附则
第一百一十七条 中央军事委员会根据宪法和法律，制定军事法规。
中国人民解放军各战区、军兵种和中国人民武装警察部队，可以根据法律和中央军事委员会的军事法规、决定、命令，在其权限范围内，制定军事规章。
军事法规、军事规章在武装力量内部实施。
军事法规、军事规章的制定、修改和废止办法，由中央军事委员会依照本法规定的原则规定。
第一百一十八条 国家监察委员会根据宪法和法律、全国人民代表大会常务委员会的有关决定，制定监察法规，报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。
第一百一十九条 最高人民法院、最高人民检察院作出的属于审判、检察工作中具体应用法律的解释，应当主要针对具体的法律条文，并符合立法的目的、原则和原意。遇有本法第四十八条第二款规定情况的，应当向全国人民代表大会常务委员会提出法律解释的要求或者提出制定、修改有关法律的议案。
Interpretations made by the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate that are specific to the application of law in trial and procuratorial work shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record within 30 days from the date of publication.
Judicial organs and procuratorial organs other than the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate shall not make interpretations on the specific application of laws.
Article 120 This Law shall come into force on July 1, 2000.