Numbers from the Two Sessions Talk about China丨Ten sets of data to see China's development in the first year

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 5th

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter

　　In the first year of fully implementing the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the world's major changes unseen in a century are accelerating. Strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist. How can China's economy strive for progress while maintaining stability?

How to better promote high-quality development?

　　The government work report submitted for deliberation on the 5th and the plan report and budget report submitted for review proposed a series of expected development goals and tasks.

The reporter interviewed representatives and committee members participating in the two sessions of the country, and looked at China's development trend in 2023 from 10 sets of data.

GDP growth – around 5%

　　According to the government work report, the expected GDP growth target for 2023 is around 5%.

　　According to the plan report, the main consideration for setting this goal is that the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clarified that in order to reach the level of a moderately developed country by 2035, it is necessary to maintain reasonable economic growth for a long time on the basis of improving quality and efficiency.

The growth rate of about 5% is also compatible with the current economic growth potential of our country.

　　The Central Economic Work Conference in 2022 emphasized when deploying this year's economic work to promote the overall improvement of economic operation.

Member Huang Qunhui, director of the Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that we must adhere to the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand, keep economic growth within a reasonable range, and ultimately achieve effective improvement in quality and reasonable growth in quantity.

　　Achieving this goal requires the joint efforts of the whole country.

It should be noted that external challenges have brought more uncertainties, the triple pressure of domestic demand contraction, supply shocks, and weakening expectations is still relatively large, and the foundation for economic recovery is not yet solid.

　　Representative Yu Miaojie, President of Liaoning University, said that it is necessary to adhere to the word of stability, seek progress while maintaining stability, strengthen the coordination and cooperation of various policies, and form a joint force to promote high-quality development.

Judging from the economic operation situation at the beginning of the year, the order of social production and life has been restored at an accelerated pace, and the accumulation of endogenous driving force for economic growth has been strengthened. Through joint efforts, we are capable of reaching the expected level of economic growth this year.

New urban jobs - around 12 million

　　According to the arrangement of the government work report, about 12 million new urban jobs will be created in 2023, and the surveyed urban unemployment rate will be about 5.5%.

　　Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood, and it is also the basic condition and important goal of economic and social development.

In the past five years, my country's urban employment has averaged more than 12.7 million people per year. Even under the impact of many unexpected factors last year, it still exceeded the annual target of 11 million people.

　　Representatives believe that with the overall improvement in economic operation this year, the employment situation will continue to pick up.

However, it should also be noted that the pressure on total employment in my country still exists.

In particular, the number of college graduates in 2023 will reach 11.58 million, and the structural contradictions of difficult recruitment and employment difficulties are still prominent.

　　"The key to stabilizing employment is to stabilize enterprises. We must continue to strengthen support for the service industry with large employment capacity, small and micro enterprises, and individual industrial and commercial households to stabilize employment and expand employment, and promote precise implementation of policies, efficient and direct access, and better boost various businesses. Confidence in the development of the main body." said Wu Jin, Mayor of Chuzhou City, Anhui Province.

Consumer price increase - about 3%

　　Stable prices are crucial to economic operation.

The government work report proposes that consumer prices will increase by about 3% in 2023.

　　"This year's price control target is basically the same as in recent years, leaving a certain amount of room, which is conducive to stabilizing market expectations and enhancing the determination and confidence to do a good job in ensuring supply and stabilizing prices." said Jin Li, vice president of Southern University of Science and Technology.

　　Since last year, global inflation has remained high. my country has accurately grasped the policy to ensure supply and stabilize prices, and prices have always operated within a reasonable range.

Affected by factors such as imported inflation and tail hikes, the upward pressure on prices still exists this year.

　　Commissioner Jin Li said that from the perspective of supply fundamentals, my country's grain production has continued to bumper, the production capacity of hogs is reasonably sufficient, the industrial and service markets are well supplied, and there is no basis for a sharp rise in prices.

However, in response to possible inflationary pressures, arrangements should be made in advance. In particular, it is necessary to strengthen the early warning of abnormal fluctuations in international oil, gas, and grain prices, improve the ability and level of price regulation, and effectively protect the bottom line of people's livelihood.

Grain output—more than 1.3 trillion catties

　　Food security is the top priority of state governance.

According to the government work report, my country's grain output will remain above 1.3 trillion catties in 2023.

　　The first key task deployed by the No. 1 Central Document in 2023 is to pay close attention to ensuring the stable production and supply of grain and important agricultural products.

my country's grain output has remained at a high level of 1.3 trillion catties for eight consecutive years, and the difficulty of continuing to increase production has increased year by year.

　　"The key is to grasp the two key points of cultivated land and seeds. On the basis of ensuring the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land, strengthen the research and development of biological breeding technology and improve the efficiency of cultivated land utilization." said Chai Shouxi, a professor at Gansu Agricultural University.

　　According to Xu Congxiang, a large grain grower in Taihe County, Fuyang City, Anhui Province, large-scale production and operation are crucial to increasing grain production.

"We must focus on cultivating a new type of professional farmer team, increase the income of growing grain, and mobilize the enthusiasm of villagers to grow grain." He said.

　　To keep China's jobs secure, we must not only focus on the usual times but also plan ahead.

Member Jin Li said that it is necessary to enhance the ability to ensure emergency supply, improve the ability to coordinate the use of international markets and resources, and enhance the security and stability of the global supply chain of my country's important agricultural products such as grain.

Deficit ratio - 3%

　　According to the government work report, the deficit ratio for this year is planned to be 3%.

According to the budget report, this year's deficit ratio increased by 0.2 percentage points compared with the previous year.

The national fiscal deficit was 3,880 billion yuan, an increase of 510 billion yuan over the previous year.

　　Member Liu Shangxi, president of the Chinese Academy of Fiscal Sciences, said that under the impact of unexpected factors, it is necessary to increase macro-control efforts to promote the return of actual economic growth to the potential growth rate.

Raising the deficit ratio is one of the manifestations of a proactive fiscal policy that increases efficiency.

　　According to analysis, the deficit rate is controlled at about 3%, which maintains the necessary fiscal expenditure intensity, but makes fiscal risks controllable.

　　The budget report pointed out that this year, we will strengthen the coordination of fiscal funds, optimize the combination of fiscal deficits, special bonds, interest discounts and other tools, expand the scale of fiscal expenditures, and maintain the necessary expenditure intensity. The national general public budget expenditures are 27.513 billion yuan, an increase of 5.6%.

　　Member Liu Shangxi said that this year, we will further improve and optimize relevant policies to improve the accuracy and pertinence of policies; through deepening reforms, we will give greater play to the effectiveness of policies.

Local government special bonds - 3.8 trillion yuan

　　According to the government work report, 3.8 trillion yuan of local government special bonds will be arranged this year.

　　Insufficient aggregate demand is a prominent contradiction facing the current economic operation.

"Local government special bonds are an important means to promote the expansion of effective investment and stabilize the macro economy. The scale of new local government bonds this year has remained at a relatively high level, which has further enhanced the confidence of local governments to do a good job in economic work." Representative Wu Jin said.

　　Committee member Jin Li said that all localities should strictly implement the principle of "funds follow the project" and prefer shortages rather than excess; further improve the quality of project reserves, give priority to supporting mature projects and projects under construction, and avoid idle or inefficient use of funds.

　　The plan report proposes to focus on strengthening the effective connection between investment within the central budget, local government special bonds, and policy-based development financial instruments.

Strengthen investment in weak links and key areas of economic and social development, and actively support key areas such as scientific and technological research, rural revitalization, major regional strategies, education, basic people's livelihood, and green development.

　　Xu Hongcai, deputy minister of the Ministry of Finance, said that this year, on the basis of focusing on supporting the construction of projects in 11 existing fields, appropriate amount of funds will be invested in and used as project capital, and the construction of key projects will continue to be strengthened. Investment pulls power and effectively supports high-quality development.

Energy consumption per unit of GDP - reduced by about 2%

　　According to the plan report, this year's target for energy consumption per unit of GDP is to reduce by about 2%.

　　Promoting green and low-carbon economic and social development is the key link to achieve high-quality development.

Over the past five years, my country's energy consumption per unit of GDP has dropped by 8.1%.

　　According to the plan report, as the economy and society continue to develop, industrial and residential energy consumption will maintain a rigid growth. In order to reflect the guidance and constraints on energy conservation work and take into account the overall assessment requirements of the "14th Five-Year Plan", the energy consumption target per unit of GDP is set It is set to decrease by about 2%.

　　The carbon emission of the energy industry accounts for more than 80% of the total amount of the whole society and is the largest source of carbon emission.

For low-carbon development, energy is the main battlefield.

　　"Improving the efficiency of energy utilization is particularly critical. It is necessary to improve the level of energy technology, further promote the transformation of the energy structure, continuously enhance the energy supply capacity, and accelerate the construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system." Economics Teaching and Research of the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (National School of Administration) Director Han Baojiang said.

Special funds for industrial foundation reconstruction and high-quality development of manufacturing industry - 13.3 billion yuan

　　According to the budget report, a special fund of 13.3 billion yuan will be allocated this year for industrial foundation reconstruction and high-quality development of the manufacturing industry, an increase of 4.4 billion yuan, to promote the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure.

　　Representative Yi Tong, director of the Institute of Innovation and Development Strategy of the Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, said that the industrial foundation is related to the independent and controllable level of industrial development, overall competitiveness and sustainable development capabilities, and is related to the high-quality development of the industry.

This year, we will increase the amount of special funds and focus on supporting the development of key industries such as integrated circuits, which reflects our country's determination to accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system.

　　"In the next step, we should continue to give full play to the organizational role of the government in key core technology research, guide enterprises to make good use of special funds, give full play to the role of enterprises as the main body of technological innovation, and improve the efficiency of collaborative innovation between industry, academia and research." Yi Tong said.

　　The budget report also pointed out that the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and the development of strategic emerging industries such as new-generation information technology, high-end equipment, and new materials should be promoted.

"Continuing to tackle key technical fields such as new energy and artificial intelligence, and striving to build a global leading edge in the new round of industrial transformation is an inevitable choice for technology-based companies to achieve long-term development." Said Lei Jun, chairman of Xiaomi Group.

The central finance connects and promotes rural revitalization subsidy funds - 175 billion yuan

　　According to the budget report, this year, we will further increase the scale of subsidies for rural revitalization promoted by the central government, with an allocation of 175 billion yuan and an increase of 10 billion yuan.

Among them, the proportion of rural revitalization subsidy funds used for industrial development will strive to increase to more than 60%.

　　Rural revitalization and industrial revitalization are the top priorities.

Han Fengxiang, chairman of the Fenghuangshan Agricultural Machinery Farmers Professional Cooperative in Lishu County, Siping City, Jilin Province, said that with more financial funds to "supply", the next step is to implement relevant industrial support policies, promote the improvement of the quality and efficiency of the agricultural industry, and bring More value-added income is reserved for farmers.

　　"'Native specialties' can be made into a big article." Pei Chunliang, secretary of the Party branch of Peizhai Village, Zhangcun Township, Huixian City, Henan Province, said, "We must closely rely on agricultural and rural characteristic resources, select the breakthrough point for industrial development according to local conditions, and use rural resources Advantages, ecological advantages, and cultural advantages are transformed into industrial advantages, making the countryside more livable and suitable for business.”

The scale of transfer payments from the central government to local governments - over 10 trillion yuan

　　The budget report pointed out that this year the central government’s arrangements for transfer payments to local governments exceeded 10 trillion yuan, reaching 10.0625 billion yuan, an increase of 3.6%.

In addition, a one-time arrangement will be made to support the implementation of tax and fee reductions and special transfer payments of 500 billion yuan for key livelihood projects at the grassroots level.

　　"This year, the scale of transfer payments from the central government to local governments hit a new high in recent years, which reflects the strength of the country's financial resources, which helps to ensure the operation of grassroots governments, and can effectively balance financial differences between regions and promote coordinated regional development." Chongqing Municipal Finance Jiang Guojie, secretary of the party group of the bureau, said.

　　According to the budget report, the transfer payment funds are mainly used to ensure the daily operation of the local government, implement the major decision-making arrangements of the central government, and guide local officials to start businesses.

Such as promoting coordinated regional development and new urbanization, improving and improving people's livelihood, ecological and environmental protection, stabilizing investment and promoting consumption, etc.

　　"More 'real money' sinks to the grassroots, and we have stronger 'capital' to implement various national policies and deployments." Representative Jiang Guojie said that Chongqing will seek space for performance, accelerate the promotion of digital empowerment, and further promote finance and accounting. Supervise and continuously optimize the expenditure structure to ensure that funds are "used wisely".

(Reporters Wei Yukun, Zou Duowei, Shen Cheng, Gao Kang, Chen Nuo)