Walk into the National Museum to experience the extraordinary 30-year history of China's manned spaceflight
Chasing the dream world and asking the sky
Our reporter Chai Yaxin
The 30-year achievement exhibition of China's manned spaceflight project is on display at the National Museum.
With the theme of "Looking Back on the Road to Feitian and Forging A New Journey", the exhibition will comprehensively and systematically demonstrate the 30-year development history and construction achievements of China's manned spaceflight project to the public for the first time.
In 1992, China's manned spaceflight project was officially approved and implemented. In 2022, the "three-step" strategic task was successfully completed, and the Chinese space station was fully completed. Now it has officially entered the stage of space station application and development.
After 30 years of hard work, the blueprint for China's manned spaceflight has been drawn to the end, one after another, and a Chinese-style manned spaceflight development path has been explored.
The exhibition is like a long scroll of time, slowly unfolding the magnificent journey of chasing dreams and the universe.
Many precious physical models are exhibited in the exhibition, and the audience can enter the cabin to visit the "space home"
On the morning of February 28, the reporter walked into the west hall of the National Museum, where the return capsule of Shenzhou 13, the 1:4 model of the space station assembly, the 1:1 model of the Tianhe core module, and the Long March series rocket models... a large physical exhibit Distributed throughout the exhibition hall, visitors feel as if they are in a "space home".
The cabin is white and huge. The 1:1 model of Tianhe’s core cabin is located in the center of the exhibition hall. Many visitors stopped in front of the cabin to take pictures.
On the side of the cabin door, people lined up in a long line, ready to enter the cabin and experience the life of astronauts in orbit.
Walking out of the hatch, looking up, I saw the "Tiangong" soaring.
This is a 1:4 model of the space station complex.
"Looking up under the space station assembly model, the audience can experience the vast feeling of looking from the earth to the space station. This is the first time that the space station assembly model is fully presented in a large-scale form in the exhibition hall." Designer of the Curatorial Department of the National Museum Liu Zelong said.
On the left rear side of the core cabin model, stands a "big clock" with a narrow top and a wide bottom.
Unlike other "white and clean" exhibits, its silver exterior is covered with ablated tan marks.
This is a precious exhibit that has been in space in person - the return capsule of Shenzhou 13.
On April 16 last year, it was it that carried astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping, and Ye Guangfu back to Earth safely.
Behind the return capsule, a huge parachute hangs from a high place, and the red and white stripes are particularly eye-catching.
After the return capsule passed through the atmosphere, the parachute bloomed layer by layer in the air like a large red and white petal, helping the return capsule descend from a high-speed state to a landing speed that an astronaut could bear.
In addition to "big things", there are also "small details".
In the showcase, the reporter saw several green leather flight manuals for manned missions, letters written by students from all over the country to astronauts, and the flight diary of Yang Liwei, the first man in space in my country.
"In the manned spaceflight project, the participation of 'people' runs through the whole process, which contains profound humanistic feelings, which is also the key part of the exhibition." Liu Zelong said.
"Originally, during short-term stays, astronauts can carry oxygen cylinders. But for long-term stays, they need to use electrolysis to produce oxygen to solve the breathing problems of astronauts. It's easy to say, but it's actually a worldwide problem..." In Regenerative Life Insurance In the technology display area, Mr. Hao, an aerospace enthusiast, introduced in detail the electrolytic oxygen generator with dense lines and complex design to colleagues who came to visit.
Regenerative life protection technology is a key technology for astronauts to go from short-term flight to long-term on-orbit residence. The system is mainly composed of six devices: electrolytic oxygen production, carbon dioxide removal, trace harmful gas removal, urine treatment, water treatment, and carbon dioxide reduction.
At present, China's space station has successfully realized the recycling of resources such as the atmosphere and water of the space station. The total recycling rate of water has reached 99.4%, and the air in the space station has achieved 100% recycling, saving about six tons of uplink supplies every year.
The exhibits record the pursuit of excellence in China's manned spaceflight, and the entire project has obtained more than 4,000 invention patents
At the exhibition site, the front of the "Space Wardrobe" was full of audiences who came to "check in".
The whole body is pure white, the torso is like armor, and the limbs are like bread. The "Flying" extravehicular space suit independently developed by China is the largest and most popular.
Astronaut activities outside the cabin are one of the three key technologies of manned spaceflight.
In the harsh and complex space environment, the extravehicular space suit can protect the safety of astronauts "spacewalking".
The "flying jersey" is not easy to come by.
In 2004, my country launched the development of extravehicular spacesuits. Although it has accumulated a certain foundation, it is still facing a new field.
Visually speaking, an extravehicular spacesuit is actually equivalent to a miniature manned spacecraft. Nearly a hundred kinds of stand-alone products and tens of thousands of parts must be packed into a space the size of only one piece of clothing. The difficulty can be imagined Know.
Talking about the arduous process of overcoming the technical difficulties of extravehicular spacesuits, Chen Shanguang, the deputy chief designer of China's manned spaceflight project, the then chief commander and chief designer of the astronaut system, still remembers: "Let the astronauts we cultivated wear our own The extravehicular spacesuit was released, and the development time given at that time was less than four years, and the pressure was very high. We want benefits from time and progress, and we will use one day as two days."
"Shenzhou 7 reports that I have been out of the cabin and I feel good!" On September 27, 2008, astronaut Zhai Zhigang completed the first space out of the cabin.
At that time, he was wearing the first-generation extravehicular spacesuit independently developed by my country.
In the follow-up, the research and development team continued to optimize the design, and a new generation of "Flying" extravehicular spacesuit was unveiled when the crew of Shenzhou 12 was out of the cabin, becoming one of the most advanced spacesuits in the world.
The development of extravehicular space suits from scratch to excellence is a vivid microcosm of the development of China's manned spaceflight; each exhibit records the footsteps of China's manned spaceflight pursuit of excellence.
From unmanned flight to manned flight, from short-term flight to long-term flight, from inside to outside the cabin, from single ship to combined flight, China's manned spaceflight project has carried forward the concept of "special ability to endure hardship, especially capable of fighting, especially capable of tackling key problems" The spirit of manned spaceflight, especially devotion, has turned "impossible" into "possible" time and time again.
"Space Application System Launch Site Test Team", "Tianzhou 4 Launch Site Test Team", "Shenzhou 14 Spacecraft Launch Site Test Team"... In the manned spaceflight spirit and culture exhibition area, several red team flags hang high above the display board.
If you take a closer look, careful viewers will find that many names are signed on each team flag.
Among all aerospace engineering, manned spaceflight is the most complex.
At the beginning of the project, there were seven major systems in the project, which increased to 14 major systems and hundreds of sub-systems in the space station stage, involving thousands of participating units and hundreds of thousands of scientific researchers.
Behind the "space-level" achievements is great collaboration and great unity.
"The implementation of such a grand project is unimaginable without the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee and the great national cooperation." Zhou Jianping, chief designer of China's manned spaceflight project, said.
Great collaboration is not a "human sea tactic", but a concentrated effort to tackle key problems and a rational and scientific allocation of resources.
"The engines in Xi'an and Shanghai, the solar wing cells in Tianjin, the electrical connectors in Henan, the batteries in Shanghai, the components in Sichuan...they were still in the factory the day before, and could 'fly' to the final assembly workshop in Beijing the next day. .” Some experts described the advantages of the new nationwide system.
Independent innovation is the source of power for the high-quality development of China's manned spaceflight.
In the past 30 years, our country has made breakthroughs and mastered a large number of key core technologies with independent intellectual property rights, and explored the "three vertical and one distant" test launch, the "N+1" space station rendezvous and docking technology verification, and the direct landing of a one-and-a-half-stage rocket. innovative solutions such as orbit; independently developed Type 8 aircraft and Type 3 rockets, and the cargo-to-weight ratio of cargo spacecraft ranks first in the world; creatively designed spaceship orbiting cabins that can carry out expanded experiments, and established a complete "three-dimensional integrated" measurement and control system for land, sea and space. Formulate escape strategies for the entire airspace, full-speed domain, and full-section segments, and the localization rate of core components has reached 100%.
According to statistics, the project has obtained more than 4,000 invention patents across the board, promoting the leapfrog development of the aerospace industry, and radiating and driving the rapid development of microelectronics, machinery manufacturing, chemical industry, metallurgy, textiles, communications and other fields, which greatly promoted the overall improvement of my country's technological level.
New-generation manned rockets, new-generation manned spaceships, lunar landers and other product models made their debut at the exhibition, and the future of manned lunar exploration can be expected
It's so big, it holds infinite possibilities.
Ultra-cold atomic physics experiment cabinets, space cold atomic microwave clocks...a series of "same model" equipment for the space station are displayed in the exhibition area.
"These scientific experiment cabinets are equivalent to moving the laboratory into space, which can meet the research needs of many scientific research and application projects." Zhang Wei, director of the Application Development Center of the Space Application Engineering and Technology Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said.
The Chinese space station is "always worth looking forward to."
The reporter saw in the introduction of the exhibition that as a national space laboratory, the multiple scientific experiment cabinets deployed in the third cabin of the space station will carry out thousands of scientific experiments in four major fields, making breakthroughs in the preparation of special materials, stem cells and regenerative medicine, and high-precision time-frequency experiments. System, quantum precision measurement and other core key technologies have been applied, and a large number of space application results have been obtained.
"Wheat-Luyuan 502", "Wheat-Hangmai No. 6", "Corn-Hangyu 35"...In the display cabinet, there are different seeds in a row of transparent containers shaped like eggshells, and they also have something in common—— They are all descendants of "Flying Seeds".
"Shipbuilding is for building stations, and station building is for applications" is the original intention of China's manned spaceflight engineering construction and development.
The research of the National Space Laboratory is closely related to the daily life of the people, and space breeding is a typical representative.
Compared with traditional breeding techniques, the biggest advantage of space breeding lies in the high mutation rate of space mutagenesis materials and short breeding cycle, which can create germplasm resources with excellent traits in a relatively short period of time.
Today, the new wheat variety "Luyuan 502" is the second largest wheat variety in the country; the rice variety "II Youhang No. 1" has high yield, disease resistance, and wide adaptability, setting a world record per unit yield of 100 mu of ratooned rice. Space breeding technology bred rice varieties with the largest promotion area.
Pursuing the dream sky, China's manned spaceflight will not stop at the "Palace of Heaven" in low-Earth orbit, but has already set its sights on the "Palace of the Moon" 380,000 kilometers away.
On December 17, 2020, my country realized the return of samples from extraterrestrial celestial bodies for the first time, bringing back a total of 1,731 grams of lunar samples, some of which were put into the National Museum of Tibet for public display and popular science education.
The exhibition exhibited 56 grams of lunar samples. Through a "crystal ball", the audience can have a glimpse of the traces from the moon.
New-generation manned rockets, new-generation manned spaceships, lunar landers and other product models were also unveiled for the first time in the exhibition, and the future of manned lunar exploration can be expected.
Ji Qiming, spokesman for China's manned space program and assistant director of the China Manned Space Program Office, previously revealed that my country has completed key technological breakthroughs and program deepening demonstrations for manned lunar exploration, making breakthroughs in a new generation of manned spacecraft and a new generation of manned spaceships. Key technologies such as launch vehicles, lunar landers, and lunar landing suits have formed an implementation plan for manned moon landing missions with Chinese characteristics.
These tasks have laid a solid foundation for the manned lunar exploration project, and have met the conditions for full-scale implementation of the project.
The moon is an ideal base and outpost for human beings to expand, develop and utilize extraterrestrial space.
It is believed that in the near future, the dream of the Chinese people to "marry the moon in nine days" will come true just like the dream of building a "Palace of Heaven".
(China Discipline Inspection and Supervision News)