Promoting the construction of the national food security industrial belt and laying a solid foundation for food security in an all-round way

　　In 2023, the No. 1 Central Document proposed that the foundation of food security should be consolidated in an all-round way.

Accurately understanding and grasping the connotation of the national food security industry belt, and clarifying the construction ideas and key tasks are of great significance to promoting the improvement of food production quality and efficiency, promoting the transformation and upgrading of the food industry, and improving the ability to ensure food security.

The Outline of the "14th Five-Year Plan" clearly pointed out that we should focus on the grain production functional areas and important agricultural product production protection areas to build a national food security industrial belt.

In this issue, experts are invited to discuss related issues.

　　Moderator Xu Xiangmei, director and researcher of the Theory Department of our newspaper

Consolidate the foundation of my country's food security in an all-round way

　　Moderator: What is the significance of building a national food security industrial belt?

What are the development goals and key tasks?

　　Cheng Guoqiang (Professor of the School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Dean of the National Institute of Food Security Strategy): The national food security industry belt is based on the construction of the existing grain production functional areas and important agricultural product production protection areas, with comprehensive consolidation The foundation of food security is the goal, with the promotion of high-quality development of the food industry as the core, through the agglomeration and integration of resource elements to improve the comprehensive food production capacity, to create a food industry system with "three-chain coordination" of industrial chain, value chain and supply chain, and to comprehensively enhance food security Comprehensive support capability.

From a global perspective, the construction of a grain industry belt is an important way for the world's major agricultural countries to become agricultural powers.

For example, the nine major agricultural industry belts in the United States, including the grain industry belt, the wheat and agricultural and animal husbandry clusters in Australia, the soybean industry belts in Brazil and Argentina, the agricultural industry clusters in France, and the flower and vegetable industry clusters in the Netherlands, etc., have strongly promoted these developments. The country has become a world agricultural power.

　　The construction of a national food security industrial belt is the key support for ensuring my country's food security, an objective need to comply with the development trend of the world's food industry, and an important measure to promote the high-quality development of the food industry and build a strong agricultural country. It is of great significance to fully develop contradictions and promote common prosperity to achieve substantial progress.

　　At present, the construction of the national food security industrial belt has a solid foundation.

my country is promoting the construction of grain production functional areas and important agricultural product production protection areas, demarcating 900 million mu of grain production functional areas, of which 600 million mu are used for rice and wheat production; delimiting 238 million mu of important agricultural product production protection areas The area overlaps by 80 million mu).

At present, my country's grain production has achieved "nineteen consecutive harvests". The output has remained at more than 1.3 trillion catties for eight consecutive years, and the per capita grain share is 20% higher than the international safety line. It has made China's contribution to global food security.

Grain production infrastructure has been continuously strengthened, and comprehensive production capacity has been continuously improved, laying a solid foundation for the construction of a national food security industrial belt.

　　The basic objectives of the construction of the national food security industrial belt are mainly reflected in the following aspects.

　　The first is to create an upgraded version of the grain production functional areas and protected areas.

The construction of a national grain security industrial belt is based on stabilizing and strengthening grain production functional areas and important agricultural product production protection areas. Quality development, continue to enhance the stability, safety, resilience and synergy of the grain supply chain, and further enhance the ability to ensure grain supply and price stability.

　　The second is to build a strategic synergy platform for the economic development of major grain producing areas.

Through the construction of a national grain security industrial belt, a cross-regional, full-chain, and highly competitive grain industry cluster will be built, and the agricultural production advantages of the main production areas will be transformed into economic development advantages, so that the grain industry will truly become the "business card" of the economic development of the main production areas. Even "Ace".

At the same time, the grain safety industrial belt will be built into a collaborative platform for the main production areas to integrate into the national regional development strategy, so that the main grain production areas can make full use of the advantages of factor markets, warehousing and logistics, and grain processing, so as to better play the cluster effect of the grain industry and integrate into the national economy. Regional development strategy.

　　The third is to become a policy tool to mobilize the enthusiasm of local governments and grain farmers.

While stabilizing the area and output of grain planting, we should give full play to the role of the engine of grain processing and transformation, realize continuous and integrated development of the grain industry, extend the grain industry chain, upgrade the value chain, promote agricultural production and farmers' income, and further improve the local government's priority. The enthusiasm of farmers to catch grain and farmers to grow grain and work in agriculture.

　　To promote the construction of the national food security industry belt, on the one hand, we must do a good job in top-level design and strengthen policy support.

Optimize the layout, increase investment, take the core grain production counties (cities, districts) as the unit, rely on regional superior agricultural resources, and build a food safety industrial belt with the Northeast, Huanghuaihai, and Yangtze River basins as the main body.

Firmly hold the bottom line of food security, further consolidate and improve the comprehensive grain production capacity, give full play to comparative advantages, promote the transformation of the advantages of grain resources in major production areas into industrial advantages and economic advantages, and build a benefit-sharing mechanism and a risk-sharing mechanism.

Implement fiscal, taxation and financial support policies, incorporate the construction land for food security industrial belts into the national land space planning to guarantee, and give policy preference in terms of land use indicators, land supply, and planning adjustments.

　　On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen the infrastructure construction of industrial belts and focus on the implementation of four major projects.

Implement comprehensive food production capacity consolidation and foundation projects, including high-standard farmland and water conservancy infrastructure, and strengthen agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation capacity building; strengthen agricultural technology and equipment support, including accelerating key agricultural technology research, strengthening modern seed industry and agricultural machinery equipment Support and promote the green development of agriculture.

Implement the upgrading project of modern grain distribution facilities.

Grain circulation facilities are the material basis for the construction of a food safety industrial belt. It is necessary to improve the modernization level of the grain circulation system, promote the high-speed circulation of logistics, business flow, and information flow, and expand the radiation and driving range of the industrial belt.

The key point is to strengthen infrastructure such as warehousing infrastructure and logistics transfer capabilities.

Implement the high-quality development project of the grain industry, and further promote the implementation of the "five-excellence linkage" of high-quality grain, high-quality production, high-quality purchase, high-quality storage, high-quality addition, and high-quality sales, as well as the "three-chain coordination" of the grain industry chain, value chain, and supply chain. Increase support for superior grain brands, guide enterprises to implement superior brand and quality strategies, accelerate the optimization and upgrading of the grain industry, and promote the coordinated development of primary grain processing, intensive processing, and comprehensive utilization.

Implement the main cultivation project of grain industry.

It is necessary to speed up the cultivation of large grain merchants with international competitiveness, develop "specialized, special and new" small and medium-sized enterprises, cultivate grain industrialization complexes, optimize and upgrade the grain industry carrier platform, and promote the innovation and development of the grain industry.

Concentration of agricultural production to advantageous production areas has achieved remarkable results

　　Moderator: What practical explorations have my country made in the process of promoting the concentration of advantageous agricultural products and characteristic agricultural products in advantageous production areas?

What results have been achieved?

　　Hu Bingchuan (Director, Researcher, Agricultural Products Trade and Policy Research Office, Institute of Rural Development, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences): The concentration of advantageous agricultural products and characteristic agricultural products in advantageous production areas is the inevitable result of agricultural modernization.

In the era of small-scale peasant economy, the production of peasant households mainly meets their own needs, and the regional distribution of agricultural output presents a point-like distribution.

Entering the era of commodity economy, agricultural production for the purpose of exchange promotes division of labor and specialization, making the regional distribution of agricultural output present a planar distribution, the most typical of which is the industrial belt.

In the process of the distribution of agricultural output from point to area, the efficiency of agricultural production has been greatly improved, and the income of farmers has also increased.

In terms of spatial layout, significant progress has been made in the adjustment of my country's agricultural production layout, and a pattern in which the production of major agricultural products is concentrated in advantageous production areas has gradually formed.

From the perspective of history, the concentration of advantageous agricultural products and characteristic agricultural products in advantageous production areas is the spatial result of economic production and the reflection of natural conditions, market conditions, technical conditions and policy conditions.

　　From the perspective of natural conditions, the distribution of agricultural production presents typical natural characteristics.

According to the distribution of different climate zones, my country has formed the planting distribution of rice in the south and wheat in the north.

For example, my country's Jilin Corn Belt, the American Corn Belt and the Ukrainian Corn Belt at the same latitude are known as the world's three major golden corn belts. distribution characteristics.

For another example, special agricultural products such as Xuwen pineapple, Zengcheng lychee, Aksu apple, and Korla pear all benefit from the unique local natural endowment.

Taking Anyue lemon as an example, the local lemon planting area will exceed 400,000 mu in 2022, with an annual output of 500,000 tons. The planting scale, output, and market share all account for more than 80% of the country. The reason is that the local area has natural resources suitable for lemon growth. condition.

　　In the process of concentrating advantageous agricultural products and characteristic agricultural products to advantageous production areas, market demand also plays an important role, so that natural endowments can be transformed into greater economic benefits.

For example, the vegetable industry in Weifang, in addition to the local traditional advantages of long-term vegetable cultivation, the consumption of fresh vegetables in winter in the northern region has increased significantly, which has driven the expansion of the vegetable industry in Weifang, elimination and renewal, and the local industry has achieved healthy development.

Today, the vegetable planting area in Weifang City has remained at 3 million mu all year round, with an annual output of more than 13 million tons, and an average yield of more than 4.3 tons per mu. In 2021, the national average vegetable yield per mu will be less than 2.4 tons per mu.

Also benefiting from the support of market demand, Yunnan's flower industry has always maintained a momentum of rapid growth.

In 2022, the transaction volume of fresh-cut flowers in Kunming Dounan International Flower Industrial Park will exceed 11 billion, a year-on-year increase of 7.6%, and the transaction volume will exceed 12.1 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 8%, hitting a record high.

At present, one-third of the world's ornamental flowers come from Yunnan, and 70% of my country's fresh-cut flowers come from Yunnan. Market demand has strongly promoted the development of Yunnan's flower industry.

　　Technical conditions are also an important factor to promote the concentration of agricultural products to advantageous production areas.

Taking salmon as an example, because it does not have a natural distribution in my country and artificial breeding technology is difficult, large-scale marine farming has not been carried out in history in my country.

However, with the breakthrough of modern marine engineering equipment and artificial breeding technology, in 2018, my country's first self-developed large-scale fully submersible deep-sea intelligent fishery farming equipment "Deep Blue No. 1" was completed and delivered. Carry out salmon farming production.

In June 2022, "Shenlan No. 1" harvested the first batch of salmon successfully cultured in deep and open seas in my country.

The technical conditions are more prominent in the planting industry. Through the improvement of varieties, the ecological adaptability of crops is better, and the space for agricultural production areas is continuously expanded.

For example, the salt-alkali-tolerant rice (seawater rice) developed by Yuan Longping’s sea-water rice research team was publicly tested in Yuepuhu County, Xinjiang. The final theoretical yield per mu was 548.5 kg per mu. The area has exceeded 1 million mu. In the future, it will achieve the goal of 100 million mu of saline-alkali land renovation and remediation, and realize "turning barren beaches into fertile land".

It can be seen that with the improvement of the level of agricultural science and technology, the cultivation of crop varieties and the rapid improvement of the level of facility agriculture, the agricultural production areas are constantly changing.

　　In addition, public policy participation has an increasing influence on agriculturally advantageous production areas.

For example, Jilin Province has promoted the formation of a dominant beef cattle production area through the implementation of the "straw to meat" project and the construction of tens of millions of beef cattle.

In 2020, the number of beef cattle in Jilin Province will be 3.094 million. With the support of policies such as beef cattle industrialization projects and cattle-related financing and insurance, the scale of breeding has rapidly expanded.

In 2022, the stock of beef cattle in the province will reach 3.903 million heads, of which the growth of beef cattle industrial parks will increase significantly. The 10 planned beef cattle industrial parks in the province will have 2.003 million heads on hand, accounting for more than half of the stock.

On this basis, the province has formed a beef cattle industry cluster involving 19 counties (cities, districts), covering beef cattle breeding, breeding, slaughtering and processing.

As the division of labor in the beef cattle industry becomes more refined, more and more farmers are attracted to cow breeding and professional fattening, which not only improves the utilization rate of local straw feed, but also increases the income of local farmers.

The concentration of beef cattle's superior production areas in this province is to a large extent an extension of the food security industry belt, reflecting the coordinated development of the industrial chain, value chain, and supply chain.

Overseas grain industry chain supply chain development experience

　　Moderator: One of the key tasks in building a national grain security industrial belt is to improve the modernization level of the grain industry chain and supply chain.

What shortcomings does our country have in this regard?

What international experience can be used for reference?

　　Wang Xiudong (Deputy Director and Researcher of the Strategic Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences): After decades of grain circulation system reform, my country's grain industrialization level has been greatly improved, and emergency support capabilities have also been greatly improved.

First, the categories of the grain industry system are becoming more and more complete, and the degree of industrialization is constantly improving.

A group of competitive and influential grain enterprises such as COFCO and Beidahuang have established an integrated business model of "production, purchase, storage, processing and sales", which has effectively played an important role in stabilizing the market, ensuring supply, promoting development, and ensuring safety.

Second, the food emergency supply guarantee system has been continuously improved, and the emergency support capability has been continuously improved.

As of the end of 2021, my country has a total of 6,000 emergency grain processing enterprises and 4,199 emergency grain storage and transportation enterprises. The daily processing capacity of emergency processing enterprises is 1.41 million tons, which effectively guarantees social needs during the new crown epidemic.

However, from the perspective of the grain supply chain and the entire industrial chain, my country's grain supply chain has problems such as insufficient market orientation, lack of an information platform for the grain supply chain, unsmooth connections between production, supply and marketing, an unsound grain reserve system, and the supply of some agricultural products heavily dependent on imports. , resulting in a low level of integration in the food supply chain.

In addition, under the severe international trade situation, the continuous spread of the new crown epidemic, the impact of natural disasters such as drought and floods, the turmoil in the international food supply chain has also caused the instability of my country's food supply chain.

From the perspective of the grain industry chain, my country's grain industry is mainly based on the production link. The grain processing industry, logistics industry, and service industry are developing slowly. The industrial chain is seriously out of joint and cannot form synergistic effects.

The degree of integrated development of grain product production, processing, circulation, and consumption is relatively low, and the integration of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries is still in its infancy.

In the grain industry chain, problems such as many rough-processed products, few finely-processed products, many labor-intensive industries and few capital-intensive industries are prominent.

　　Judging from the development experience of foreign grain industry chains, the United States centers on core enterprises with leadership capabilities to organize and coordinate grain procurement, storage, transportation, processing, sales and other businesses, forming an integrated and collaborative grain industry chain, and improving grain products. It realizes the integration of multiple chains such as product chain, logistics chain, value chain, and information chain.

At the same time, core enterprises realize the integration of the grain industry chain by providing grain producers with grain production guidance and management, such as variety use, fertilizer purchase, technical services and guidance, and credit support.

Three of the four major grain merchants in the world are American companies, namely Archer Daniels Midland, Bunge, and Cargill. These companies have exerted their industrial competitive advantages in the grain market competition by realizing the interconnection of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries , quite competitive in the development of the global grain industry.

Another international grain merchant is Louis Dreyfus of France. As the third largest grain exporter in the world, it has also achieved an absolute competitive advantage in the grain industry through the integration of the grain industry chain and the integrated development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries.

　　Judging from the development experience of foreign grain supply chains, Japan's grain production has many similarities with my country, such as agricultural production is mainly small-scale operations, and farmers have a high degree of concurrent business.

However, Japan established the agricultural association as the core member of the grain supply chain management through the organization, has rich experience in grain operation, management and organization, and is responsible for the unified coordination of grain supply and marketing, so as to realize the integration of the grain supply chain.

On the one hand, by providing farmers with services such as grain production technology, improved seeds, supply of agricultural materials such as chemical fertilizers, agricultural production insurance, loan processing, and grain purchases, the Agricultural Association not only provides technical support for ensuring grain production, but also promotes the modernization of the grain industry. It also guarantees farmers' income from growing grain and mobilizes their enthusiasm for growing grain; on the other hand, the Agricultural Association connects the downstream large shopping malls and wholesale markets in the supply chain, has complete agricultural product cold chain transportation facilities and systems, and establishes an agricultural product circulation information sharing platform, Realized the standardization and standardized management of grain product circulation.

European countries such as Germany are mainly dominated by comprehensive large supermarkets, relying on the agricultural product supply chain information platform established by the government, to complete the supply chain management of food product reservation, distribution and sales.

Relying on the agricultural product supply chain information platform, comprehensive large-scale supermarkets can directly contact the grain product supply base, not only provide farmers with professional guidance on grain production, but also supervise and manage the quality of grain production, tap the added value of grain products, and rely on the information platform to realize grain production. Information management such as traceability of product origin and monitoring of circulation links, so as to realize the whole process management of the grain supply chain.

　　Based on the experience of the United States and France in realizing the integrated development of the grain industry chain with large-scale grain enterprises as the core organization, in terms of improving the modernization level of the grain industry chain in my country, we should give priority to government guidance, center on large-scale grain enterprises, and create an internationally influential For grain enterprises, speed up deployment and planning to extend the grain industry chain, promote the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and realize the value enhancement of the grain industry.

The first is to extend the agricultural industry chain, promote the development of the agricultural product processing industry in suitable areas, gradually realize the transformation from rough processing of agricultural products to intensive processing, establish and improve the grain circulation system, enhance the comprehensive value of agricultural products, and increase farmers' operating income; Organic integration of the three industries, creating characteristic industries with geographical resource advantages and cultural advantages, developing integrated industries such as "agriculture + service industry", "agriculture + leisure tourism" and "agriculture + e-commerce", making full use of information platforms such as the Internet to develop rural areas The third is to improve the mechanism of industrial integration and interest linkage, and promote agricultural development through various forms such as order farming, profit sharing, and shareholding cooperation.

　　Based on the experience of grain supply chain development in countries such as Japan and Germany, my country should actively explore a grain supply chain model with Chinese characteristics based on the characteristics of its own grain industry development.

One is to strengthen the government's guidance and support, and strengthen the policy guidance and financial support for the construction of the grain supply chain; the other is to give full play to the core role of the new agricultural management entity, pay attention to the cultivation of agricultural cooperatives and agricultural leading enterprises, and give full play to their agricultural production , processing and management advantages, encourage them to establish agricultural product production bases in major grain production areas, and gradually realize the connection and organizational management role of such entities in the upstream and downstream of the grain supply chain; the third is to speed up the construction of a grain supply chain information sharing platform to promote grain supply The information management of the whole chain process integrates the whole process information tracking and tracing of grain production, processing, transportation, storage and sales, so as to realize the effective connection and coordination of the supply and marketing of grain products; the fourth is to strengthen the work of grain production materials and grain reserves, and establish Improve the grain production materials and grain multi-level storage system and the grain circulation system in case of emergency to ensure the stability of grain supply.

Accelerate the pace of "three-chain coordination" in the grain industry

　　Moderator: In order to build a food industry system with "three-chain coordination" of industrial chain, value chain and supply chain, what aspects should we focus on?

　　Jiang Changyun (Deputy Director and Researcher of the Institute of Industrial Economics and Technical Economics of the National Development and Reform Commission): To create a modern grain industry system with "three-chain coordination" of industrial chain, value chain, and supply chain, we must focus on building a national food security industrial belt , adhere to the main line of deepening the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, aim at cultivating a modern grain industry system rich in quality, efficiency and core competitiveness, and take the guarantee of national food security as the bottom line to promote the grain industry to extend the industrial chain and build a supply chain. Upgrade the value chain to achieve high-quality development of the grain industry.

To this end, it is necessary to make a good combination of the "three-chain coordination" of building a modern grain industry system, and strengthen the supporting role of the grain industry in accelerating the construction of a strong agricultural country.

　　Actively cultivate new agricultural management entities and modern grain industry clusters, and promote the organic connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development.

Give full play to the role of leading enterprises, farmers' cooperatives, family farms and other new agricultural management entities, and stimulate the enthusiasm of small farmers to participate by "showing farmers, leading farmers to do it, and helping farmers to do it".

Improve agricultural support and protection policies, optimize the grain price formation mechanism, promote high-quality and high-quality prices, and improve the income guarantee mechanism for grain farmers and the compensation mechanism for the interests of major production areas.

With the leading enterprises of agricultural industrialization as the core, the development pattern of "leading enterprises + industrial clusters + grain production bases" will be formed, combined with support for the construction of carriers such as grain production demonstration cities and counties, grain characteristic industrial parks, and grain industrialization backbone enterprises, to drive grain " "Production, purchase, storage, processing and sales" coordinated development.

　　Actively cultivate food processing, distribution, and service entities, and cultivate strategic partnerships in the supply chain of the grain industry chain.

Implement the growth project of agricultural entrepreneurs, encourage entrepreneurs to become the backbone of the grain industry to extend the industrial chain, build the supply chain, and upgrade the value chain, and promote the coordinated development of grain intensive processing, primary processing, and comprehensive utilization processing.

Encourage industry leaders, industry associations, and industry alliances to drive relevant market players to strengthen cooperation, promote the integrated development of small and medium-sized enterprises, improve the mechanism of linking interests between farmers and farmers, and promote integrated operations of grain production, processing, distribution, and services, and grain-related businesses. The integration and development of the secondary and tertiary industries.

Aiming at the needs of building a strong agricultural country, promote agricultural support and protection policies to strengthen government agricultural services, focus on supporting and improving the innovation, competitiveness and sustainable development capabilities of the grain industry chain and supply chain, and promote the green transformation of the grain-related industry.

Combined with the implementation of a new round of high-standard farmland construction projects, coordinate the promotion of quality-enhancing grain, green-enhancing grain, service-enhancing grain, and brand-enhancing grain, implement quality upgrades and brand enhancement actions for grain and oil products, and cultivate diversified, personalized, and customized grain products supply capacity.

　　Adhere to the leadership of science and technology, the strong chain of talents, and the direction of innovative development, and encourage platform-based enterprises to empower the development of the supply chain of the grain industry chain.

Keep an eye on the frontiers of science and technology in the world, strengthen core seed sources, key agricultural machinery and equipment, and other key core technologies in the supply chain of the grain industry chain. A food science and technology innovation system with complementary advantages and moderate competition, optimize the transformation and industrialization mechanism of scientific and technological achievements, and innovate the incentive mechanism for leading talents in the grain-related industry.

Strengthen the construction of national and regional grain science and technology innovation platforms, improve the national grain electronic trading platform system, and promote the transformation and upgrading of the grain trading market.

Encourage platform enterprises to play a leading role in integrating resources, integrating elements, expanding and upgrading markets, and developing data value-added services.

Encourage the application of scientific and technological innovation to support the industrialization of staple foods, develop nutritious agriculture and grain circular economy, and promote the reduction of grain loss and consumption.

　　Promote international cooperation in the grain field, and improve the resilience and security level of my country's grain industry chain and supply chain.

Improve the long-term mechanism for regional cooperation in grain production and marketing and international grain-related cooperation, and encourage cooperation between production areas and sales areas to jointly build grain source bases, processing bases, marketing networks, and storage and logistics facilities.

Strengthen the construction of main domestic grain logistics channels, grain import and export channels, emergency logistics channels and key nodes for grain and important agricultural products within the metropolitan area.

Utilize the new generation of information technology, optimize the grain market macro-control mechanism and grain market information services, strengthen the global grain market supply and demand monitoring and early warning mechanism construction, and scientifically judge the impact of domestic and foreign grain futures markets on the spot market, international financial markets and energy markets on the grain market Risk transmission effect, and strengthen the construction of risk prevention capabilities, enhance the resilience and anti-risk capabilities of the food industry chain supply chain.

Actively participate in global food security governance, encourage my country's grain enterprises to deeply participate in the "Belt and Road" initiative and international food security cooperation, and improve the level of coordination between grain industry policies and trade policies.

Support key grain enterprises to build overseas grain production and processing bases, or transform into multinational grain enterprise groups with international competitiveness, and form a group of leading enterprises with core competitiveness.

(Economic Daily)