Chinanews.com, Changchun, February 20th, title: Interview with Jiang Ming: Protecting the black soil is to build a strong agricultural country
Chinanews.com reporter Guo Jia
In 2023, the No. 1 Central Document focused on "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" for the 20th consecutive year, and for the first time proposed the goal of building a strong agricultural country.
Jiang Ming, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and director of the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said in an interview with a reporter from Chinanews.com recently that protecting the black soil is continuously building the foundation of a strong agricultural country.
Jiang Ming, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and director of the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Photo by Gao Longan
Black soil is a precious soil resource on the earth. It is a high-quality land with good properties, high fertility and suitable for farming.
The total area of black soil in Northeast China is 1.09 million square kilometers, accounting for about 12% of the total area of black soil in the world.
Therefore, the three northeastern provinces have become China's big granary, and the grain transferred from here accounts for about one-third of the country's grain every year.
In China, black soil is also known as "the giant panda in the cultivated land", which is intended to show that it is precious, rare and fragile.
In 2021, the Chinese Academy of Sciences will launch the "Black Soil Granary" scientific and technological battle in the Northeast region, and cooperate with Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia to carry out scientific and technological research on black soil protection and demonstration and promotion of key technologies.
"Guaranteeing the stable and safe supply of food and important agricultural products is the top priority of building a strong agricultural country. Against this background, focusing on the protection and utilization of black soil in Northeast China is of great significance for making up for the shortcomings of agricultural technology and supporting the construction of the national food security industry belt. Meaning." Jiang Ming said.
Since large-scale population migration and large-scale land reclamation in the early 20th century, the intensity of agricultural development and utilization in the black soil region of Northeast China has continued to increase. The average annual loss of the black soil surface is about 0.3 mm, and the soil organic matter is also decreasing year by year. This trend has not yet been fundamentally reversed. .
Jiang Ming believes that the most critical and challenging scientific and technological task of black soil protection is how to scientifically and effectively increase the organic matter content of black soil soil, and fundamentally solve the problem of "thinning, thinning, and hardening" of black soil layers.
Jiang Ming introduced that the current main measures to improve the organic matter of black soil include increasing the application of organic fertilizers, returning straw to the field, crop rotation, planting green manure, and combining planting and breeding. The "Pear Tree Model 2.0" and "Longjiang Model "It has been able to effectively increase the organic matter content of black soil soil and improve the fertility of black soil, which is very gratifying.
China is a country with a large population but relatively scarce arable land and water resources. To achieve food self-sufficiency, it is necessary to maintain stable and increased food production. This means that the land cannot be protected by fallow, but must be protected during utilization.
Jiang Ming believes that scientific conservation of black soil can better realize the mutual complementarity between black soil protection and grain production stability and increase, and also grasp the initiative of food security.
He proposed that, first of all, we must mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers and accelerate the development of green agriculture; secondly, we must organize and carry out research on black soil degradation process and resistance control mechanism, and make breakthroughs in key technologies for black soil health conservation and productivity improvement; thirdly, we must enrich paths, methods and means according to local conditions, Do a good job in popularizing and applying scientific and technological achievements.
Jiang Ming also pointed out that another key factor in maintaining stable and increasing grain production lies in seeds, which are the "chips" of agriculture.
In the past few years, the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has made important breakthroughs in rice, soybean, and corn breeding, and the application and promotion have achieved good results. However, to narrow the gap with the international seed industry and improve the core competitiveness of the seed industry, it still needs to be accelerated .
The core demonstration area of the national million-mu green food raw material (corn) standardized production base in Lishu County, Jilin Province.
(Data map) Photo by Guo Jia
As the commander-in-chief of the "Black Soil Granary" science and technology battle pilot project, Jiang Ming has many suggestions that have been adopted by relevant departments.
After he was elected as a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference for the first time this year, he immediately organized a front-line scientific research team to make full investigations and put forward suggestions on building a large scientific device for digital simulation of soil production capacity in black soil.
The warehouse is solid, and the world is safe.
The protection of black soil is a systematic project. To win this battle to defend the black soil may require the efforts of one generation or even several generations. Just as Jiang Ming quoted the words often said by the experts in the institute: "If the land is black, it will be white." Boy's head." (End)