Explore new measures for self-driving traffic management in various places
How to build a "smart road" for a "smart car"
Our reporter Dong Fanchao
Can a car drive on the road without a driver in the driver's seat?
Perhaps, this is the daily life of the future.
With the rapid evolution of next-generation information technologies such as 5G communications, the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence, autonomous driving has gradually moved from a blueprint to reality.
In December 2022, the 46th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 15th Shanghai Municipal People's Congress voted to pass the "Shanghai Pudong New Area Promoting the Innovative Application of Driverless Intelligent Connected Vehicles", which aims to promote high-quality industrial development and ensure road traffic Safety.
The practice of responding to the demands of innovation-driven industrial development through local legislation is not limited to Pudong.
A reporter from the "Rule of Law Daily" found that in recent years, various localities and departments have regarded autonomous driving as one of the important areas for scientific and technological innovation to support and accelerate the construction of a powerful transportation country, and actively promoted the development and application of autonomous driving technology. A series of work has been carried out in areas such as pilot demonstrations.
Innovation and development
Several ministries have taken initiatives
Yu Lingyun, a professor at the Law School of Tsinghua University, told reporters that to improve the self-driving car access system, a set of reasonable and transparent market access standards must be formulated on the basis of a full understanding of self-driving cars. Driving automation levels are divided into L0-L5 levels.
In recent years, my country's intelligent networked automobile industry has developed rapidly, and is currently in a critical stage of rapid technological evolution and accelerated industrial layout.
In addition to clarifying the grading standards, relevant ministries and commissions have carried out work including deepening pilot demonstrations, improving the policy environment, and promoting infrastructure construction.
In terms of development policies, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the Ministry of Public Security issued the "Intelligent Connected Vehicle Road Test Management Specification (Trial)"; the Ministry of Transport jointly issued the "Intelligent Vehicle Innovation and Development Strategy" including the National Development and Reform Commission.
In terms of promoting the formulation of standards and specifications, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Transport, and the Ministry of Public Security promote the collaboration of relevant standardization technical committees; study the intelligent transportation standard system under the framework of the national Internet of Vehicles industry standard system; formulate the safety technical conditions for operating passenger cars and operating trucks; Highway engineering adapts to the overall technical specification for automatic driving ancillary facilities.
In terms of promoting test verification, the Ministry of Transport identified six closed field test bases (Beijing, Xi'an, Chongqing, Shanghai, Taixing, and Xiangyang); promoted data sharing and mutual recognition of results in test areas, and improved test service levels; Technical Guidelines for Test Site Construction (Temporary).
In terms of promoting pilot demonstrations, the Ministry of Transport launched a new generation of national traffic control network and smart highway pilots; promoted the application of technologies such as 5G communication and Beidou navigation; promoted a number of autonomous driving and vehicle-road coordination in Beijing, Shanghai, Hebei and other places pilot project.
At present, various ministries and commissions are adhering to the principle of "encouraging exploration, tolerant of failure, ensuring safety, and opposing monopoly", taking multiple measures in areas such as local pilots, product access pilots, and intelligent transportation infrastructure construction to continue to promote my country's self-driving cars. High-quality development of the industry.
drive on the road
Institutional guarantee is indispensable
On June 23, 2021, according to the authorization of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the 32nd meeting of the Standing Committee of the 15th Shanghai Municipal People's Congress passed a unanimous decision to support the high-level reform and opening up of Pudong New Area.
A new term—Pudong New Area Regulations has entered the public eye.
As a result, Shanghai has two types of local legislation of different nature, one is applicable to the whole of Shanghai, and the other is specially formulated for Pudong and implemented in Pudong New Area.
The regulations of Pudong New Area clearly stipulate that to carry out road tests, demonstration applications, and demonstration operations of driverless intelligent networked vehicles, the vehicles should have a minimum risk operation mode, be equipped with a display device in the driverless state, and a warning device after a failure or accident. The driver's intelligent connected car road test and reach the specified mileage or time.
The road sections and areas for the innovative application of intelligent connected vehicles shall be delineated and organized by the municipal transportation department in conjunction with the departments of public security, economic informatization, and communication management according to the basic road conditions and actual needs, and organize the acceptance.
After the acceptance is passed, it shall be announced to the public, and corresponding signs and safety reminders shall be set up on the road section, area and surrounding areas.
Yangquan City, Shanxi Province, is the first prefecture-level city in the country to open up autonomous driving in the whole area. It has already carried out the test operation of autonomous driving on 200 kilometers of roads in the city, and completed the intelligent transformation of roadside infrastructure at 50 traffic intersections, forming a city-level vehicle city network.
In September 2021, several departments of Yangquan City issued the "Management Measures for the Demonstration Application of Intelligent Connected Vehicles in Yangquan City" to support the test of autonomous driving with people.
Both Yongchuan District of Chongqing City and Wuhan City of Hubei Province have issued management regulations, allowing qualified demonstration application subjects to carry out remote testing, demonstration and commercial operation without safety personnel in the vehicle, and provide detailed guidance and support for enterprises developing autonomous driving business.
With policy support, China ranks among the top in the world in terms of research and development and application of autonomous driving technology.
The attitudes of laws and regulations in various places regarding autonomous driving are to encourage innovation, be tolerant and prudent, and proceed step by step, implement hierarchical and classified management, and follow the requirements from low-risk scenarios to high-risk scenarios, from simple types to complex types, to ensure safety, The risk is controllable.
Yu Lingyun pointed out that to truly popularize autonomous driving, it is necessary to provide unified legal support for product access and road access at the national legislative level, to prevent and respond to technological uncertainties and challenges, and to seek moral and ethical legitimacy.
"Autonomous driving can be tested through local legislation to accumulate experience, and finally form unified legislation at the national level." Yu Lingyun believes that autonomous driving legislation should adhere to the concept of innovation, forward-looking, and openness, and adopt a "gradual" legislative thinking It is appropriate.
security
Police are in action
Walking into the Digital Economy Industrial Park in Yangquan City, self-driving vehicles pass by from time to time.
During the interview, the reporter learned that the Fourth Brigade of the Traffic Police Detachment of the Yangquan Public Security Bureau has opened a 200-kilometer test road for self-driving vehicles to support its large-scale test operation.
In view of the high mobility of people around residential areas, commercial buildings and other places in the area, many stop-and-go phenomena, and difficult management, special parking spaces and parking signs have been set up to further regulate the parking behavior of self-driving vehicles.
According to Hu Pengfei, deputy head of the Fourth Brigade of the Traffic Police Detachment of Yangquan Public Security Bureau, in daily management, the brigade has created a special duty model for the intelligent network demonstration area, and created a management and control mechanism combining "offline patrol and online inspection". , with the mobile squadron as the unit, the "road chief" patrols the road traffic conditions in the jurisdiction every day. If there is a traffic violation in the self-driving car, the test safety officer will be notified in time, and the company will be notified.
At the same time, a special traffic accident handling procedure has also been formulated to provide a mechanism guarantee for timely handling of traffic accidents and safety incidents.
In addition, the brigade organizes special personnel to go to the enterprise every month to give lectures on traffic safety knowledge, check the qualifications of safety officers and the safety performance of vehicles in detail, and strictly prohibit vehicles that do not meet safety requirements from driving on the road.
In the high-level autonomous driving demonstration zone set up in Yizhuang New City, Beijing, new changes brought about by technology are changing the travel experience of the masses - Beijing Traffic Management Bureau and relevant technology companies carry out research on the application of traffic incident reporting based on autonomous vehicle perception equipment, and Research on joint innovation topics such as emergency help based on mobile phone positioning, and green wave escort research on signal lights, explores the two-way empowerment of autonomous driving and traffic management, and comprehensively improves the sense of safety and technology for people's travel.
Yu Lingyun said that the technological revolution of autonomous driving may lead to an endless stream of legal issues related to autonomous vehicles, and it will also give traffic management a new law enforcement focus and bring technical challenges.
In the foreseeable future, the public security traffic control department should focus on solving issues such as accident liability identification, privacy protection, and network security for self-driving cars.
"In the future, traffic management will also rely on the application of Internet of Things technology to be highly intelligent, automated, and networked. It will truly have 'clairvoyance and wind ears', real-time evidence collection, and intelligent accident prevention. The public security traffic control department should also actively expand the tentacles of science and technology. , use effective, precise and non-invading privacy law enforcement methods to escort the steady and long-term application of autonomous driving technology." Yu Lingyun said.
The picture shows that on December 23, 2022, the police from the Fourth Brigade of the Traffic Police Detachment of the Public Security Bureau of Yangquan City, Shanxi Province patrolled and commanded the traffic situation of self-driving vehicles in the area under their jurisdiction.
Photo by Cui Kai