【Thinking Cafe】
editor's note
Comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and accelerating the construction of a strong agricultural country are important strategic deployments made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core, focusing on building a modern socialist country in an all-round way. Recently, General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech at the Central Rural Work Conference, systematically expounding a series of major issues on building a strong agricultural country, accelerating the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, and comprehensively promoting rural revitalization, and pointed out the direction for doing a good job in the "three rural" work in the new journey Forward direction.
This year is the first year to fully implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and it is of great significance to do a good job in the work of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers". How to understand the far-reaching significance of a strong agricultural country, and how to build a strong agricultural country? Bright Intellectual Property invited experts and scholars to have a dialogue on this.
Guests of this issue:
Zhang QiDirector of China Rural Revitalization and Development Research Center, Beijing Normal University, Dean of China Institute of Poverty Alleviation, Beijing Normal University
Qiu Huanguang Dean of the School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Renmin University of China
Zhong YuDirector of Industrial Economics Research Office, Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Si Wei Dean of School of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University
host:
Our reporter Zhang Sheng
1. It is both an overall support and a key link
Guangming Wisdom Bank: A strong country must first strengthen its agriculture, and only a strong agriculture can make the country strong. What is the status of a strong agricultural country in the overall situation of socialist modernization?
Zhang Qi: A
strong agricultural country is not only the overall support for the entire socialist modernization, but also a key link.
First of all, agriculture is the foundation of a strong country, and it is a basic industry related to people's rice bowls and farmers' livelihoods.
Only by firmly holding the rice bowl in our own hands and stabilizing the foundation of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" can we make steady and long-term progress on the road to a modern and powerful country.
Secondly, speeding up the construction of a strong agricultural country is an inevitable requirement for improving my country's agricultural competitiveness.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has always insisted on solving the "three rural" issues as the top priority of the work of the whole party, and has made historic achievements in promoting agricultural and rural development.
At the same time, there are still shortcomings in my country's agriculture and rural areas, and there is still a lot of room for improvement in agricultural competitiveness compared with developed countries.
Zhong Yu:
Agriculture is an important department related to the safety and survival of the people of a country. As General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, "Ensuring a stable and safe supply of food and important agricultural products is always the top priority in building a strong agricultural country."
For a country with a large population like ours, accelerating the construction of a strong agricultural country will make the road to food security more and more stable.
In the process of building a strong agricultural country, the most important thing is to enhance the core competitiveness of agriculture.
Qiu Huanguang: A
strong agricultural country is an indispensable and important component of the system of a strong modern socialist country. The quality of building a strong agricultural country determines the success of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way.
Only by putting the improvement of comprehensive agricultural production capacity in a more prominent position and laying a solid foundation for food security in an all-round way can we provide a more solid guarantee for the comprehensive construction of a socialist modern country; Only by solidly promoting the overall revitalization of rural industries, talents, culture, ecology, and organizations can we realize the simultaneous development of the "four modernizations" of new industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization as soon as possible.
Si Wei:
It needs to be noted that the agricultural sector is more and more closely related to the national economy, and is more susceptible to macroeconomic fluctuations such as trade, exchange rates, and interest rates than before.
In the face of major changes unseen in the world in a century, only by relying on our own strength to secure our jobs and "have food in our hands" can we "not panic", so as to better deal with external challenges and lay a solid foundation for achieving the second century goal.
2. Take the road of building a strong agricultural country with Chinese characteristics
Guangming Institute: Why should Chinese characteristics be reflected in building a strong agricultural country? In what areas should a strong agricultural country be strong?
Qiu Huanguang:
First of all, China is endowed with rich agricultural resources, but per capita resources are short, and the basic national conditions of large population and small land require us to always take ensuring the stable and safe supply of food and important agricultural products as the top priority in the process of building a strong agricultural country, and we must ensure quantity and quality , Ecological road.
Secondly, China's farming civilization has a long history and is extensive and profound. To build a strong agricultural country, it is necessary to continue farming civilization, inherit and carry forward the excellent traditional Chinese culture.
Finally, China has the distinct characteristics of a "big country and small farmers". The small-scale farmers' production mode of "one-third of an acre of land per capita and less than ten acres of land per household" has existed for a long time. Promoting the effective connection between small farmers and modern agriculture is a must for building a strong agricultural country. road.
Zhong Yu: To
take the road to a strong agricultural country with Chinese characteristics, we must not only respect the general laws of the construction of a strong agricultural country in the world, but also base ourselves on our own reality, reflect the characteristics of the millennium farming civilization and the advantages of China's system, and identify the key points for breakthroughs.
The first is to ensure a strong supply guarantee capability. We must adhere to the domestic basis and keep the bottom line of stable production and supply of important agricultural products such as grain; the second is to ensure strong scientific and technological equipment, relying on technological progress to promote agricultural labor productivity and land productivity. The third is to ensure a strong operating system and take a diversified and differentiated business development path; the fourth is to ensure strong industrial resilience, improve the risk resistance and stability of the industrial chain and supply chain, and build Strengthen the "defense system" for the effective supply of agricultural products.
Zhang Qi: To
build a strong agricultural country, we must achieve strong supply guarantees, strong technological equipment, strong operating systems, strong industrial resilience, and strong competitiveness. In particular, we must rely on the "two-wheel drive" of science and technology and reform.
On the one hand, it is necessary to speed up the realization of high-level agricultural science and technology self-reliance and self-improvement, strengthen the research of key core technologies in agriculture, support the construction of major innovation platforms in the agricultural field, and strengthen the construction of agricultural science and technology talent teams.
On the other hand, it is necessary to continue to deepen rural reform, consolidate and improve the basic rural management system, innovate agricultural management forms and management entities, and inject stronger impetus into the construction of a strong agricultural country.
Si Wei:
Due to the different national conditions, there is no ready-made answer and object for full imitation to build a strong agricultural country, and we need to continue to explore.
First, rely on advanced science and technology to improve agricultural productivity, form a strong supply capacity of agricultural products, and ensure national food security and residents' nutritional and health needs; second, have good agricultural infrastructure and comprehensive agricultural support policies to deal with natural risks of agricultural operations and economic thirdly, focus on the development of sustainable agriculture and improve the quality and value of agricultural products; finally, build a multinational agricultural enterprise with influence and voice in the global agricultural product market.
3. Relying on one's own strength to "secure one's job" is the key
Bright Wisdom Bank: Ensuring a stable and safe supply of food and important agricultural products is always the top priority of building a strong agricultural country. What areas do we need to focus on?
Zhong Yu:
First, we must establish and practice a big food concept, build a diversified food supply system, and meet the diverse and high-quality food consumption needs.
The second is to continue to improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, grasp the two key points of cultivated land and seeds, resolutely guard the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land, gradually build all permanent basic farmland into high-standard farmland, and earnestly achieve results in the revitalization of the seed industry. The varieties are firmly in their own hands.
Solidly promote a new round of 100 billion jin grain production capacity increase actions to ensure a more solid foundation for national food security.
The third is to improve the income guarantee mechanism for grain farmers, so that farmers can obtain greater efficiency from the transformation of modern management methods, and use policy subsidies and other methods to increase transfer income for grain farmers.
The fourth is to make efforts at both ends of increasing production and reducing losses, insist on equal emphasis on increasing income and reducing expenditure, further promote the production, transportation, storage, addition and consumption of food, reduce food losses, strengthen food safety education, and oppose food waste.
The fifth is to adhere to open cooperation. On the one hand, follow the national food security strategy of "moderate imports" and continue to optimize the grain trade structure and import rhythm; on the other hand, promote the resilience and stability of the global agricultural trade system to provide domestic food production Transformation and adjustment create a relaxed external environment.
Zhang Qi: You
must rely on your own strength to secure your job.
Always adhere to the food security policy of self-centered, domestically based, guaranteed production capacity, moderate imports, and scientific and technological support, and implement the strategy of "storing grain on the ground and storing grain on technology" in depth to continuously improve the supply capacity of grain and important agricultural products.
Improve the income guarantee mechanism for farmers who grow grain and the compensation mechanism for the interests of main production areas, mobilize the enthusiasm of local governments to focus on agriculture and focus on grain, and farmers to grow grain; at the same time, coordinate the use of domestic and international markets and resources to grasp the initiative of grain imports , actively integrate into the global food supply chain, promote large-scale agricultural enterprises to go global, deeply participate in the division of labor in the international agricultural product industry chain, and improve the security and stability of the international food supply chain.
Si Wei:
Improve the trinity agricultural support policy system of "price, subsidy, and insurance", improve the income guarantee mechanism for grain and agriculture, and stabilize farmers' planting income; improve the compensation mechanism for the interests of main production areas, strictly assess the responsibility of the party and the government for food safety, and urge all regions to truly shoulder the responsibility Take responsibility for food security; implement the most stringent arable land protection system, strengthen the construction of farmland infrastructure, and improve the efficiency of water and soil resources utilization; rely on science and technology to improve the yield per unit area and self-sufficiency rate of corn and soybeans.
4. Solve the power problem of accelerating the construction of a strong agricultural country
Guangming Institute: Relying on the two-wheel drive of science and technology and reform to accelerate the construction of a strong agricultural country, what should be done?
Si Wei: A
strong agricultural country must be a strong country in agricultural technology innovation.
On the whole, the overall level of my country's agricultural science and technology innovation has entered the world's first phalanx. Continue to provide strong scientific and technological support for the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization and the acceleration of agricultural and rural modernization. It is necessary to make efforts from the source of technological innovation and the industrial chain to jointly promote Technological innovation and institutional innovation.
The first is to lay a solid foundation, continue to improve the science and technology input system that is compatible with the construction of a strong agricultural country, and guide the transformation and upgrading of the agricultural system.
The second is to make up for the shortcomings, continue to promote the key core technology research that restricts the construction of a strong agricultural country, and achieve both the efficiency of achievement transformation and the success rate of achievement application.
The third is to establish advantages, accelerate the cultivation and growth of new industries and new formats suitable for the construction of a strong agricultural country, and expand the value chain of the agricultural industry chain.
The fourth is to create an environment to provide institutional guarantee for agricultural technology innovation from the aspects of driving force, achievement transformation, technology application and technology improvement.
Zhong Yu:
On the one hand, it is necessary to rely on scientific and technological progress to transform agricultural production methods, accelerate the improvement of agricultural technology self-reliance, self-improvement, R&D and innovation capabilities, and break through the "stuck neck" problem in key areas as soon as possible; on the other hand, it is necessary to handle the relationship between farmers and the land as the main line , on the basis of respecting the wishes of farmers and protecting their rights and interests, set up a variety of differentiated compensation plans for land reversion, gradually improve the urban and rural social security systems, and ensure the long-term livelihood of farmers after they enter the city.
Qiu Huanguang:
In terms of science and technology, we should give full play to the advantages of the new national system, promote in-depth cooperation between science and technology enterprises, encourage enterprises to gather capital through various methods, guide agricultural enterprises with great development potential to achieve product complementarity and economies of scale, and vigorously improve the level of China's agricultural science and technology.
In terms of reform, it is necessary to do a good job in extending the second round of land contracting for another 30 years after the expiry of the second round of land contracting, to ensure that the original contracting rights of most rural households remain stable and to extend the contract smoothly, to safeguard the contracting rights and interests of the majority of rural households, and to steadily promote rural housing development. The pilot reform of the base system allows farmers to share more results in the reform of the land system.
Zhang Qi:
On the one hand, we must continue to promote agricultural technology innovation and promote breakthroughs in all fields of agricultural technology and equipment.
Give full play to the advantages of the new nationwide system, build an agricultural science and technology innovation system with distinct levels, division of labor and cooperation, and moderate competition, and comprehensively improve the overall efficiency of the innovation system.
On the other hand, around key areas and key links, deepen rural reform and institutional innovation, strengthen the foundation of collective ownership, ensure and realize the unity of farmers’ collective membership rights and activate resource elements, and eliminate the system that hinders the equal exchange and two-way flow of urban and rural elements Barriers to stimulate agricultural and rural development potential.
5. Adhere to the concept of system, and comprehensively promote rural revitalization with high quality
Guangming Institute: Comprehensively promoting rural revitalization is an important task for building a strong agricultural country in the new era. How to comprehensively promote the "five revitalizations" of industry, talent, culture, ecology, and organization?
Zhong Yu:
Among the goals and tasks of the "five major revitalizations", industrial revitalization is the leader, talent revitalization is the support, cultural revitalization is the intrinsic content, ecological revitalization is the requirement, and organizational revitalization is the guarantee. It should be coordinated and promoted.
Among them, industrial revitalization is the top priority.
It is necessary to base on the characteristics of the agricultural industry, do a good job in "native products" articles, and effectively develop the multiple functions of agriculture and the multiple values of the countryside.
At the same time, efforts will be made to promote the in-depth integration and development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas, continuously extend and upgrade the agricultural industry chain and value chain, improve the comprehensive benefits and competitiveness of agriculture, and boost the high-quality development of agriculture.
Qiu Huanguang:
The revitalization of rural talents must not only cultivate local talents, but also attract talents from all walks of life.
For example, accelerate the cultivation of agricultural production and management talents such as family farm operators and farmers' cooperative leaders; accelerate the cultivation of rural secondary and tertiary industry development talents such as rural entrepreneurship and innovation leaders, rural e-commerce talents, and rural craftsmen; accelerate the cultivation of agricultural and rural high-tech Agricultural and rural scientific and technological talents such as leading talents, scientific and technological promotion talents, and special commissioners of science and technology.
The revitalization of rural culture should focus on the development of cultural industries, strengthen the protection and utilization of cultural heritage, and combine it with the construction of beautiful countryside and the protection of farming culture.
Rural ecological revitalization should focus on building a beautiful village that is livable, suitable for business, and beautiful.
Intensify efforts to improve the living environment in rural areas, promote rural toilet improvement, rural domestic sewage treatment, and domestic waste classification and reduction, and thoroughly implement village cleaning actions and greening and beautifying actions to achieve a comprehensive improvement of the countryside from the outside to the inside, with both form and spirit .
Zhang Qi: To
comprehensively promote rural revitalization, we must adhere to the concept of system.
It is necessary to uphold and strengthen the party's overall leadership over the "three rural" work to ensure high-quality and effective promotion of rural revitalization.
At the same time, we must put the guarantee of food security in an important strategic position and firmly guard the bottom line of food security; we must adhere to the dominant position of the majority of farmers and safeguard the fundamental interests of farmers; we must firmly and steadily promote rural construction actions to build a livable, business-friendly and beautiful village; We must make good use of the magic weapon of deepening reform to fully stimulate the development potential of agriculture and rural areas.
6. Use the talent engine to help build a strong agricultural country
Bright Wisdom Bank: How to build a team of "Sannong" cadres who are politically strong, adapt to the requirements of the new era, and meet the requirements of building a strong agricultural country, and make good use of all kinds of talents?
Qiu Huanguang:
Adhere to and strengthen the party's overall leadership over rural talent work, and strengthen the construction of township leadership teams and cadre teams, village "two committee" teams and other rural grassroots organization leaders.
Improve the normalized mechanism for selecting township leading cadres from township business personnel, outstanding village party organization secretaries, selected students who have served in the village, first secretary in the village, and team members in the village.
Select outstanding talents who understand development, good governance, drive, dedication, and can lead the masses to promote rural revitalization, returnees who go out to work and do business, and local university graduates to join the village "two committees" team.
Carry out training on the theme of rural revitalization for the heads of rural grassroots organizations to improve their collective economic development and rural governance capabilities.
We should vigorously cultivate local talents, guide urban talents to go to the countryside, and promote professional talents to serve the countryside.
Accelerate the training of agricultural and rural scientific and technological talents, guide scientific research institutes and colleges and universities to carry out expert service grassroots activities, and continue to promote the "science and technology small courtyard" training model in which postgraduates are stationed in the front line of agricultural production for a long time.
Improve the working mechanism of science and technology commissioners to solve the "two skins" problem of scientific research and agricultural production.
Zhong Yu: At
present, it is necessary to adopt multiple strategies to optimize the structure of grassroots cadres.
Through strengthening selection, education and training, evaluation and supervision, etc., select and match the leaders of the village party organization, further improve the training management and salary guarantee of village cadres, and set up a platform for the majority of village cadres, college student village officials, etc., to give honor and create opportunities , Let them "be able to sink, stay, be able to do things, and be willing to do things."
At the same time, open up the two major talent training channels of internal cultivation and external introduction, actively explore "village makers", "local experts", "field talents" and "new farmers", through platform construction, achievement transformation, talent rewards, emotional connections, etc. Encourage urban talents to return to their hometowns for employment and entrepreneurship.
Improve the identification standards for local talents, establish a local talent information database, and use the "talent engine" to help build a strong agricultural country.
Zhang Qi:
First of all, improve the selection and appointment mechanism for "three rural" cadres.
Adhere to both ability and political integrity, appoint people on their merits, improve the normalized working mechanism for training and selecting outstanding young cadres, and promptly discover, scientifically cultivate, and rationally use outstanding young cadres who "know agriculture, love the countryside, and love farmers."
Secondly, establish and improve the training and learning mechanism for the "three rural" cadres, and continuously improve the overall quality of the cadres.
Finally, establish and improve the responsibility system for rural revitalization, guide the cadre team to establish a strong sense of responsibility, and form a good situation in which the capable are promoted, the excellent are rewarded, the mediocre are demoted, and the inferior are eliminated.