Vocational Education Vision
what to do, who will do it
Where is the focus of vocational education reform
On December 27, 2022, the last press conference of the year held by the Ministry of Education is about vocational education.
Positive policies on vocational education emerged in an endless stream this year.
For example, the newly revised Vocational Education Law will come into effect on May 1, 2022; at the end of the year, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Modern Vocational Education System Construction" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions") ").
The press conference that day was to introduce the relevant situation of the Opinions.
"The newly revised Vocational Education Law raised the practical experience of vocational education reform to the legislative level. The "Opinions" issued again are actually to fully implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The implementation of several important documents in previous years A comprehensive and in-depth summary has been made to further deepen the reform of the vocational education system and focus on solving some bottlenecks that have long restricted the reform and development of vocational education." At the press conference, Chen Ziji, director of the Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education, made the above statement.
What are the main issues addressed by the Opinions?
Chen Ziji introduced that the "Opinions" should solve "three major" problems: the problem of development concept, that is, how to look at vocational education; the problem of development path, that is, how to do vocational education; the problem of main responsibility, who will do vocational education.
"The "Opinions" broke the traditional cognition of "dwarfing" and "narrowing" vocational education, directly addressed the difficulties and pain points in the practice of reform, and proposed a series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new judgments, which are of great theoretical and practical value. "Chen Ziji said.
What about vocational education? Not "low-level education" and not "elimination education"
The newly revised Vocational Education Law has for the first time determined that vocational education is an education type with the same importance as general education. Vocational education has achieved a major breakthrough from "level" to "type", and has clearly defined vocational education in the form of law. status.
The "Opinions" also clearly pointed out that deepening the structural reform of the vocational education supply side, adhering to the people-oriented, ability-oriented, quality-oriented, upright and innovative, and establishing and improving a gradient vocational education and training system with multi-form connection, multi-channel growth, and sustainable development , to promote the coordinated development and mutual integration of vocational general education, so that students with different endowments and needs can choose multiple times and become talents in a variety of ways.
"Vocational education is not 'end education', nor 'low-level education', let alone 'elimination education', but a distinctive type of education. Students who receive vocational education can go on to higher education, get jobs, or Get a job first and then enter a higher education, so as to maximize the diversification and multi-channel growth channels for students.” At the press conference, Chen Ziji made such a statement on the development concept of vocational education straight to the point.
In society, vocational education was once considered "inferior" and not attractive enough.
The "Opinions" clearly stated that the quality, adaptability, and attractiveness of vocational education should be effectively improved, and more high-quality technical and skilled personnel, skilled craftsmen, and craftsmen of a great country should be cultivated, so as to lay a solid foundation for accelerating the construction of a strong country in education, science and technology, and talents.
To this end, Chen Ziji introduced the specific measures proposed in the "Opinions": optimizing the layout of vocational schools and professional structures, and building a group of high-level vocational schools and majors that meet the needs of economic and social development and the training of technical and skilled personnel.
Explore the development of comprehensive high schools, promote the diversification of secondary vocational education, and support high-level universities to participate in vocational education reform; The joint training of vocational education and vocational undergraduate education; improve the vocational education examination and enrollment system, improve the "cultural quality + vocational skills" examination and enrollment method, and further expand the enrollment scale of application-oriented undergraduate schools in the on-the-job college entrance examination. Coordinate and arrange the enrollment plan in the annual enrollment scale.
"Open channels for higher vocational graduates to pursue further studies, improve the special methods for undergraduate schools to recruit vocational school graduates with work experience, and establish examination methods and training methods that meet the characteristics of vocational school students." Chen Ziji said.
The roadmap for next steps is clearer.
Chen Ziji mentioned that it is necessary to continue to expand the growth space for technical and skilled talents, and at the same time support local innovation.
For example, support high-level universities and enterprises in key industries to recruit outstanding vocational graduates with certain work experience in the production line, and train professional master's degree graduate students through school-enterprise cooperation project system.
"It is necessary to design conversion channels for different stages and different types of education, so that students can realize multiple choices in employment and further education according to their interests, abilities and their own development, and also provide employees in the enterprise with opportunities to learn and improve again." Chen Ziji Say.
What about vocational education? "Three integrations" is the guiding ideology and the path of reform
The "Opinions" pointed out that the guiding ideology of the reform is: based on improving the key capabilities of vocational schools, focusing on deepening the integration of production and education, focusing on promoting the integration of vocational and general education, and taking the integration of science and education as the new direction, fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of all parties, Coordinate the collaborative innovation of vocational education, higher education, and continuing education, and advance the reform of the modern vocational education system in an orderly and effective manner.
The guiding ideology of the "three integration" reform is also the path for the next step of vocational education reform.
"The vitality of vocational education lies in practice and application. The demand for economic and social development is the main driving force for the reform of vocational education. To deepen the reform of the modern vocational education system, the focus is on insisting on promoting production through education, assisting education with production, integrating production and education, and cooperating between production and education. At the press conference, Ou Xiaoli, director of the Social Affairs Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, said.
Ou Xiaoli said that at present, 21 national pilot cities for the integration of industry and education have been identified, and more than 4,600 enterprises integrating industry and education have been cultivated in various places. A large number of industry organizations and industry associations have actively participated in the integration of industry and education, and a city The industry-education integration promotion mechanism is the node, the industry is the fulcrum, and the enterprise is the focus.
"The integration of industry and education is the basic feature of modern vocational education, and it is also the biggest advantage, and it is also the difficulty and focus of reform." Chen Ziji said that the "Opinions" directly faced the problem of blockages in the integration of industry and education, adhered to systematic thinking, and proposed the construction of urban areas. The system design of the education consortium and the industry-education integration community bundles vocational education with industry progress, industrial transformation, and regional development, giving full play to their respective advantages, innovating a positive interaction mechanism, and cracking the matching degree between the supply side of talent training and the industry demand side No advanced question.
How to do a good job in the integration of production and education?
The "Opinions" give a clear direction.
Chen Ziji summarized it as "two wings", that is, the city-level industry-education alliance and the industry-industry-education integration community, which are the carriers of reform.
On the one hand, support the provincial people's government to build an industry-education consortium with the functions of talent training, innovation and entrepreneurship, and promote the high-quality development of the industrial economy based on the industrial park, and establish a multi-participating director of the government, enterprises, schools, and scientific research institutions It implements substantive operations, gathers elements such as capital, technology, talents, and policies, and effectively promotes the in-depth participation of various subjects in vocational education.
On the other hand, give priority to the selection of key industries and key areas, support leading enterprises, high-level universities and vocational schools to take the lead in establishing a cross-regional industry-education integration community with the participation of schools, scientific research institutions, upstream and downstream enterprises, etc., to gather industry-education resources and carry out Entrust training, order training and apprenticeship training, carry out pre-job training, job training and continuing education for industry employees, build a technology innovation center, and provide stable human resources and technical support for the industry.
Vocational education, who will do it? The main body of running a school changes from "single" to "multiple"
"Vocational education cannot be simply understood as education run by vocational schools." Chen Ziji emphasized that the reform of vocational education involves all aspects of the government, industry, enterprises, and schools. We must combine the short-term, medium-term and long-term, and we must also consider the macro, medium and micro as a whole, and give full play to the advantages of our political organization system.
The "Opinions" stated that building a development mechanism of central-local interaction, regional linkage, and government, industry, enterprise, and school coordination should encourage and support provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government) and key industries to combine their own characteristics and advantages in the reform of the modern vocational education system. First try, take the lead in breaking through, and lead by demonstration, forming a good ecology with sufficient system supply, strong conditional guarantee, and deep integration of production and education.
In Chen Ziji's view, the "Opinions" put the foundation of the reform on the framework of the regional and industry-based vocational education system. The experimental field builds an effective mechanism for benign interaction between the central government and the local government, and finally upgrades vocational education to a strategic resource that promotes international production capacity cooperation, enhances the international influence of education, and serves the overall situation of national diplomacy.
Some vocational colleges have launched pioneering explorations.
Xu Jianling, the principal of Shenzhen Vocational and Technical College, introduced that the school has developed and promoted the "Shenzhen Agreement" international professional certification standard, and contributed the "China Plan" to the world's vocational education.
Develop the "Shenzhen Protocol" professional certification system for all levels of vocational education, high school, and undergraduate, promote high-quality vocational skill level certificates, skill micro-certificates, and international course credits based on the co-construction and sharing of vocational education digital resources, and build international vocational education certification The "Chinese plan" of the system.
Some companies are also taking the lead.
CRRC Group Co., Ltd. took the lead in establishing an industry-education integration community in the rail transit equipment industry, exploring new mechanisms and models, and providing "digital, high-end, multi-polar, international, and collaborative" development for the rail transit equipment industry. Sufficient and efficient technology and talent support.
Chen Ziji introduced that in the next step, the Ministry of Education will implement it from three aspects: point, line and surface.
That is to make breakthroughs, and support places with foundations and willingness to demonstrate first and create models.
In addition, for online improvement, a number of key policies and key projects have been launched around the key lines of school-running capabilities.
Strengthen the leadership of the party in an all-round way, give full play to our political advantages, organizational advantages and institutional advantages, and make good use of the policy dividends of the "Opinions".
Accordingly, at the beginning of 2023, the Ministry of Education will first select about 10 provinces to establish a coordinated promotion mechanism between the Ministry and the province. "One province, one case" will formulate an implementation plan. "One province, one policy" will provide differentiated support. "One province, one account" "Promote the implementation item by item. At the same time, sort out experience and summarize the rules to form a regional vocational education industry-education integration policy "toolbox" and promote it.
"Vocational education reform involves many levels of management, many departments, and many subjects. Some of the content touches on the reform of institutional mechanisms, which involves a wide range of areas and great resistance. It is difficult to form a joint force for reform and development. This is indeed a long-standing problem in the development of vocational education for many years." Chen Ziji said that in order to solve these problems, the "Opinions" issued "prescriptions" from the aspects of innovating the management system, improving the investment mechanism, and creating a good atmosphere.
China Youth Daily·China Youth Net trainee reporter Yang Jie Source: China Youth Daily