Outlook·Chronicle of Governance｜Carefully protect cultural heritage

　　◆ On May 27, 2022, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, presided over the 39th collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, emphasizing that cultural relics and cultural heritage carry the genes and blood of the Chinese nation, and are Non-renewable and irreplaceable excellent Chinese civilization resources.

Let more cultural relics and cultural heritage come alive, and create a strong social atmosphere for inheriting Chinese civilization.

It is necessary to actively promote the protection and utilization of cultural relics and the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage, tap the multiple values ​​of cultural relics and cultural heritage, and spread more value symbols and cultural products that carry Chinese culture and Chinese spirit.

　　◆ "Several Opinions on Strengthening the Reform of the Protection and Utilization of Cultural Relics" and "The 14th Five-Year Plan for the Protection of Cultural Relics and Scientific and Technological Innovation" were successively issued to provide policy guidance for the protection and utilization of cultural relics in the new era.

　　◆ With the high-quality construction of national cultural parks, the historical and cultural symbols of Chinese civilization have become increasingly clear.

Today, people wander in the National Cultural Park, feel the greatness of civilization, the shock of history, and experience the deep flow of still water and the openness to all rivers.

　　◆ In July 2019, Liangzhu Ancient City Site was included in the World Heritage List.

In July 2021, the Great Wall was rated as a demonstration case of world heritage protection and management by the World Heritage Committee... These "highlight moments" are vivid examples of the great progress China has made in promoting the protection of historical and cultural heritage in the new era.

　　◆ The appearance of ancient China has been depicted more and more clearly through archaeological excavations. The role of archaeological work in demonstrating Chinese civilization and disseminating Chinese culture has been continuously demonstrated.

　　◆ A handful of rice husks, revealing the secrets of the long-sinking water: Scientists have conducted carbon-14 dating and ancient plant DNA research on the rice husks in the porcelain vases out of the water in the boat, to determine the approximate age of the rice husks in the porcelain vases, and to verify the existence of the Yangtze River. The "age" of the No. 2 ancient ship.

　　◆ He Zun, who engraved the word "China" in his "heart", the Changxin Palace Lantern, which embodies the ancients' advanced awareness of environmental protection, and the Jin'ou Yonggu Cup, which carries the meaning of "May the government be harmonious and pray for the country to last forever"... January 26, 2022 Until May 4th, in the exhibition hall of the Wenhua Hall of the Palace Museum, people explored the endless and vigorous power of ancient civilizations in the "Why China" exhibition.

　　Great China, with a long history and a great civilization.

　　The historical and cultural heritage carries the genes and blood of the Chinese nation, and belongs not only to our generation, but also to future generations.

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "Intensify the protection of cultural relics and cultural heritage, strengthen the protection and inheritance of historical culture in urban and rural construction, and build and make good use of national cultural parks."

　　On May 27, 2022, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, presided over the 39th collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, emphasizing that cultural relics and cultural heritage carry the genes and blood of the Chinese nation, and it is impossible Renewable and irreplaceable excellent Chinese civilization resource.

Let more cultural relics and cultural heritage come alive, and create a strong social atmosphere for inheriting Chinese civilization.

It is necessary to actively promote the protection and utilization of cultural relics and the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage, tap the multiple values ​​of cultural relics and cultural heritage, and spread more value symbols and cultural products that carry Chinese culture and Chinese spirit.

　　In July 2017, Gulangyu was included in the World Heritage List.

　　General Secretary Xi Jinping made an important instruction: "The application for World Heritage is for better protection and utilization. It is necessary to sum up successful experience, learn from international concepts, improve long-term mechanisms, carefully protect the cultural heritage left by our ancestors, and make the historical context better. pass it on.”

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has stood at a new historical position, cared about and promoted the protection and utilization of cultural heritage from the strategic height of retaining cultural roots and keeping the soul of the nation, and issued a series of important instructions and full deployment.

The vast number of cultural relics workers keep upright, innovate, forge ahead, and explore ways to protect and utilize cultural relics that suit my country's national conditions.

　　As of the end of 2021, my country has a total of 108 million pieces (sets) of state-owned movable cultural relics, 767,000 immovable cultural relics, 5,058 national key cultural relics protection units, and 6,183 record museums; there are more than 100,000 representative intangible cultural heritage items at all levels. Among them, there are 1,557 national-level intangible cultural heritage representative items; more than 90,000 representative inheritors at all levels, including 3,062 national-level intangible cultural heritage representative inheritors; 13,026 national precious ancient books, 203 national key protection units of ancient books; There are 56 heritage items, ranking second in the world.

As of the end of November 2022, 43 items have been included in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List and List, ranking first in the world...

　　Across time and space, the bright light of civilization inspires deeper and more lasting power in the hearts of hundreds of millions of Chinese people, illuminating the road to national rejuvenation.

[Guardian: Protection gives priority to building a bottom line]

　　The merits of protecting cultural relics are in the present and benefit in the future.

　　Cultural relics carry splendid civilization, inherit history and culture, and maintain national spirit. They are the precious heritage left to us by our ancestors, and provide deep nourishment for strengthening the construction of socialist spiritual civilization.

　　In 2022, the National Cultural Relics Work Conference was held, which established a new era of cultural relics work policy of "protection first, strengthen management, tap value, effectively use, and make cultural relics come alive".

Li Qun, vice-minister of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, said: "This declares a new orientation, new mission, and new responsibility for cultural relics work."

　　Over the past ten years, my country has actively promoted the protection of cultural relics and handed in a brilliant answer.

　　This is the top-level design that is constantly improving——

　　"Several Opinions on Strengthening the Reform of the Protection and Utilization of Cultural Relics" and "The 14th Five-Year Plan for Cultural Relics Protection and Scientific and Technological Innovation Plan" were successively issued to provide policy guidance for the protection and utilization of cultural relics in the new era;

　　Documents such as "Opinions on the Implementation of the Revolutionary Cultural Relics Protection and Utilization Project (2018-2022)" and "The 14th Five-Year Plan for the Protection and Utilization of Revolutionary Cultural Relics" have established a mission statement and a road map for strengthening the work of revolutionary cultural relics in the new era;

　　Documents such as "Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Protection and Utilization of Grotto Temples" and "Plan for the Protection and Utilization of Cultural Relics of the Yellow River" were issued to provide specific guidance for the protection of related cultural relics...

　　The construction of a system with a clearer structure and clearer responsibilities will escort the protection of cultural and natural heritage.

　　This is a clearer heritage of cultural relics——

　　Completed the first national survey of movable cultural relics and special surveys on the Great Wall and Grotto Temples;

　　Measure the total length of the Great Wall of 21,196.18 kilometers, find out the distribution and preservation status of 2,155 cave temples and 3,831 cliff statues;

　　Establish a list of 26,416 national provincial-level cultural relics protection units, and publish the first batch of 1,658 lists of ancient famous steles and inscriptions;

　　Build a national census database of movable cultural relics, and strengthen collection and management of museum collections;

　　Implement the protection and restoration project of precious cultural relics in state-owned collections, and complete the restoration and protection of 62,000 pieces/sets of precious cultural relics in state-owned collections during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period...

　　A comprehensive survey of rich family backgrounds has effectively improved the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the basic data of cultural relics across the country.

　　This is an increasingly solid barrier of security—

　　The only two real seals of Badashanren Zhu Da that have been discovered, the first batch of exquisite lacquerware restored from the tomb of Haihunhou Liu He, and the weapons with inscriptions that are suspected to have been unearthed from the tomb of the descendants of Goujian, king of Yue... On November 16, 2022, " Gandi Treasures 2022—Jiangxi Cultural Relics Achievements in the New Era and Jiangxi Provincial Achievements in Combating Cultural Relics Crimes” was held at the Jiangxi Provincial Museum, which has become a vivid epitome of my country’s continuous construction of cultural relics security protection barriers.

　　In recent years, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and the Ministry of Public Security have continued to carry out special operations against cultural relics crimes, strictly investigating and handling major cultural relics cases such as the Ming Tombs, the Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty, the Yinxu Site, and the Qianli Tomb. Since the special operation in 2020, more than 4,200 cases have been solved Since then, more than 9,700 criminal suspects have been arrested, and 93,000 pieces of cultural relics involved in the case have been confiscated; multiple national cultural relic entry and exit review and management agencies strictly guard the "national gate" of cultural relics to avoid the loss of precious cultural relics...

　　A series of measures have continuously improved the overall level of cultural relics security.

　　This is a major project to rescue the resurrection——

　　Starting from the main urban area of ​​Shijiazhuang City and heading north, crossing the rippling Hutuo River, you can see the majestic South Gate of Zhengding Ancient City.

　　Ascending the tower, you can have a panoramic view of the ancient streets, ancient buildings, ancient temples and towers, the ancient charm of the ancient city, the central axis of the ancient city, the outline of the ancient buildings, and the city skyline.

Thanks to the restoration and upgrading project of the ancient city implemented in recent years, a large number of "national protection" cultural relics and historic sites stand out from the residential buildings, realizing "resurrection with dignity".

　　From the ancient city of Zhengding, early buildings in southern Shanxi, to Mogao Grottoes, Chengde Mountain Resort and surrounding temples, and to the former revolutionary sites in Yan'an, a large number of major cultural relics protection projects have been completed one after another.

Over the past ten years, my country has launched and solidly promoted the pilot program of preventive protection of cultural relics through the rescue and protection of cultural relics damaged in major natural disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons, and floods, and the protection status of cultural relics protection units has been effectively improved.

　　This is a cultural park that awakens memories——

　　Jiangsu, the province with the longest river course along the Grand Canal, the most cities flowing through it, and the most sites listed as world cultural heritage, is also a key construction area of ​​the Grand Canal National Cultural Park.

　　"The Grand Canal has bred a rich cultural heritage. Jade carving with a knife as a pen and jade as paper is one of the essence of Yangzhou canal culture..." In the fusion class of "Canal Ideology and Politics" in Yangzhou Meiling Middle School, different disciplines With the theme of "continuing the cultural bloodline" and the Yangzhou jade culture prospered by the canal as a clue, the teachers took turns teaching.

　　In 2022, the Zhuangyou Grand Canal Research (Phase I) project passed the quality credit certification of Jiangsu Lifelong Education Credit Bank Management Center and became a non-academic education course open to basic education; the digital cloud platform of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park was launched and launched " The "Universiade Youth" module initially establishes the knowledge map of canal culture and education... The water of the canal, which has been surging for thousands of years, is nourishing the sons and daughters of China in a new way.

　　In October 2020, the Fifth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee of the Party made a strategic plan for cultural construction during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, clearly proposing to build national cultural parks such as the Great Wall, the Grand Canal, the Long March, and the Yellow River; in January 2022, the National Cultural Park The construction work leading group issued a notice to deploy and start the construction of the Yangtze River National Cultural Park.

　　With the high-quality construction of national cultural parks, the historical and cultural symbols of Chinese civilization have become increasingly clear.

Today, people wander in the National Cultural Park, feel the greatness of civilization, the shock of history, and experience the deep flow of still water and the openness to all rivers.

　　This is the common heritage of all mankind——

　　On the evening of July 25, 2021, Fuzhou, Fujian.

With the sound of hammer falling at the deliberation site of the 44th World Heritage Conference, "Quanzhou: World Ocean Commerce Center in Song and Yuan Dynasties" officially became China's 56th World Heritage Site.

　　"The protection of the Quanzhou series of heritage aims at the inheritance of historical and cultural values, resolutely implements the protection principle of minimal intervention and research first, guides and encourages the joint participation of multiple disciplines such as archaeology, architecture, cultural relics protection, and structural materials, and implements a number of cultural relics protection projects. Various protection systems for lightning protection, fire prevention, and theft prevention have been implemented, and an early warning and emergency working mechanism for natural disasters such as typhoons and floods has been established, and the outstanding universal value and authenticity of historic sites and sites have been properly protected," said Li Qun.

　　Many practical measures have been effective.

In July 2019, the site of Liangzhu Ancient City was included in the World Heritage List.

In July 2021, the Great Wall was rated as a demonstration case of world heritage protection and management by the World Heritage Committee... These "highlight moments" are vivid examples of the great progress China has made in promoting the protection of historical and cultural heritage in the new era.

　　Gathering the strength and wisdom of all parties, the work of cultural heritage protection in the new era is constantly bursting with vitality, with increasingly rich connotations, and has entered a new stage of high-quality development.

【Continuation: Inheriting the Known and Exploring the Unknown】

　　The river flows for thousands of miles and stretches endlessly.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has attached great importance to archaeological work, and has made special arrangements for the construction of archeology with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese style. my country's archaeological work has made significant progress, and technological innovation has empowered cultural relics Undertakings, cultural relics talent construction projects have been implemented in depth, and highlights in the recovery work have emerged frequently.

　　——Excavate and interpret the rich connotations of cultural heritage, share and inherit the excellent traditions of Chinese civilization, extend the historical axis of Chinese archeology, and enhance historical confidence.

　　Over the past ten years, my country has promoted more than 8,800 archaeological excavation projects. Important achievements have been made in Erlitou, Shimao, Liangzhu, Sanxingdui and other sites, and important progress has been made in frontier archaeology in Xinjiang, Tibet and other places.

Underwater archeology is advancing steadily, organizing and implementing underwater cultural heritage surveys in key areas of the South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Bohai Sea, and inland waters. Deep-sea archeology in the Xisha Sea area has broken through 2,500 meters, and more than 182,000 pieces/sets of cultural relics have been excavated from the "Nanhai I" shipwreck. Underwater archeology such as the Zhiyuan Ship, the Jingyuan Ship, and the Dingyuan Ship have been carried out one after another.

55 national archaeological site parks were completed and opened, and 150 major sites during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period were identified.

Scientific and technological archaeology, foreign-related archaeology, and public archaeology have developed rapidly.

　　The major project of "Archaeological China" further cleared away the fog of early Chinese civilization, and the "Chinese Civilization Exploration Project" demonstrated the history of Chinese civilization for more than 5,000 years with detailed archaeological data.

The face of ancient China has been portrayed more and more clearly through archaeological excavations, and the role of archaeological work in demonstrating Chinese civilization and spreading Chinese culture has been continuously demonstrated.

　　——Using advanced technology and cutting-edge power, to study the ancient times and show the ancient civilization.

　　On November 21, 2022, using the world's first "curved beam non-contact overall migration technology for cultural relics", the largest wooden shipwreck discovered by underwater archeology in my country so far - the ancient ship Changjiangkou No. 2 was successfully implemented in the waters of the Yangtze River Estuary. Overall salvage.

　　A handful of rice husks, revealing the secrets of the long-sinking water: Scientists conducted carbon-14 dating and ancient plant DNA research on the rice husks in the porcelain vases out of the water in the boat, to determine the approximate age of the rice husks in the porcelain vases, and verified the Yangtze River estuary. The "age" of the No. 2 ancient ship.

　　In the past ten years, the interdisciplinary and cross-field cooperation in my country's archeology has been continuously deepened, and technical solutions for the protection of ancient murals, the protection of ceramic painted cultural relics, the protection of water-saturated lacquered woodware, and the environmental monitoring of cultural relics in museums have entered the international first echelon;

　　Breakthroughs have been made in non-destructive extraction of archaeological sites and rapid identification of relics and traces, and laboratory archaeological technologies such as carbon fourteen dating, DNA analysis, and isotope analysis are becoming more and more mature;

　　A batch of proprietary equipment such as intelligent display cabinets, archaeological shelters, and mobile laboratories for cultural relics protection have impressed international counterparts...Technological innovation is becoming an inexhaustible driving force to support the development of cultural relics.

　　——The Chinese cultural heritage has been passed down from generation to generation, cultural relics talents continue to gather, and archaeological undertakings continue to continue.

　　He Yunao, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and director of the Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage of Nanjing University, once shared a piece of data: around 2003, there were only a dozen students who applied for the archeology major of Nanjing University. By 2021, this number has increased to hundreds.

　　In the past ten years, my country has promoted the implementation of the construction project of cultural relics talents in the new era, strengthened the education and training of cultural relics talents, the system and mechanism for the development of cultural relics talents have been improved day by day, the talent structure has been continuously optimized, the scale and quantity have been greatly expanded, and the quality and ability have been significantly improved.

　　In 2022, the "Catalogue of Graduate Education Disciplines (2022)" reviewed and approved by the 37th meeting of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council will add the "cultural relics" professional degree category to the interdisciplinary category to provide discipline and professional support for the cultivation of high-level talents for cultural relics protection .

In the same year, the National Archaeological Talents Revitalization Program became a national-level talent project, and the number of archaeological doctoral candidates increased by 57%.

　　In October 2021, the cultural relics industry's first professional skill standard "National Professional Skills Standards for Cultural Relic Restorers" was promulgated to provide guarantees for the construction of a talent team for cultural relic restoration.

　　Looking at the land of Yanzhou, generations of archaeologists have been working hard in the fields and continuing to struggle. With solid archaeological data, cultural confidence has been deeply engraved on the cornerstone of the national blood, so that the long-standing inheritance is no longer a yellowed memory, and the ancient Civilization has regained its splendor.

　　——The return of the national treasure, witnessing the development of the country and the rejuvenation of the nation, and writing a new chapter in the protection of cultural relics.

　　"The 'horse head' returns to the garden!" In December 2020, the bronze statue of the horse head returned to its hometown after a 160-year absence: the Old Summer Palace.

　　Italy returned 796 pieces/sets of cultural relics and works of art, Zeng Boke’s father’s bronze set was traced across the sea and returned to China, and the Tianlongshan Grottoes’ “Main Buddha Head on the North Wall of Cave 8” returned to its homeland from Japan, China and the United States, Switzerland, and Romania , Argentina and other countries have signed bilateral agreements or memorandums of understanding to prevent theft, excavation, and illegal entry and exit of cultural relics... Over the past ten years, more than 1,800 pieces/sets of lost cultural relics have returned to the motherland.

　　More and more "national treasures" are on their way home, and breakthroughs have been made in the recovery and return of cultural relics lost overseas.

【Promote: Innovate, Create and Accumulate Power】

　　In the spring of 2022, crabapple blooms in the Forbidden City.

　　He Zun, who engraved the word "China" in his "heart", the Changxin Palace Lantern, which embodies the ancient people's advanced awareness of environmental protection, and the Jin'ou Yonggu Cup, which carries the meaning of "May the government be harmonious and pray for the country to last forever"... From January 26, 2022 to On May 4, in the exhibition hall of the Wenhua Hall of the Palace Museum, people explored the endless and vigorous power of ancient civilizations in the "Why China" exhibition.

　　In the long course of history, the Chinese nation has formed a great national spirit and excellent traditional culture. This is the cultural gene of the Chinese nation that is endless and prosperous, and it is also the spiritual force to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Data show that in 2021, the total number of registered museums in my country has reached 6,183, and 5,605 museums across the country will be open for free.

In recent years, the number of museum exhibitions has remained at more than 20,000 per year, and the number of museum visitors has increased from 560 million in 2012 to more than 1.2 billion in 2019; in 2022, museums around the world will launch more than 2,000 cloud exhibition projects and cloud education Events, online communication methods such as cloud exhibitions, cloud education, and cloud live broadcasts have allowed hundreds of millions of viewers to share the development achievements of the museum without leaving home...

　　Revisiting the wisdom accumulated in history, people cherish the pride of Chinese civilization and accumulate great power towards national revival.

　　Today, cultural heritage is entering people's spiritual life in a more vivid way.

　　"Vow to win the 'Green Horse'" "After waiting for more than 20 days, it finally arrived"... In the summer of 2022, the cultural and creative product of the Gansu Provincial Museum - the copper galloping horse plush toy "Horse Stepping on a Flying Swallow" became a hit, About 20,000 pieces were sold within a week, and all online and offline stores were sold out.

　　Wang Hairou, Marketing Director of the Cultural and Creative Center of Gansu Provincial Museum, said that the design team of "Horse Stepping on a Flying Swallow" is bold and creative while retaining the characteristics of the prototype of the cultural relic, and made a cartoony, ugly and cute humorous image of the front of the bronze galloping horse with its head high and neighing. The processing is in line with the aesthetic taste of young people and shortens the distance between cultural relics and the public.

　　The ingenious archaeological blind box, the cultural and creative ice cream that makes people reluctant to taste, the well-made "Forbidden City Calendar"... The depth and breadth of cooperation between various market players and museums have gradually increased, expanding from the initial exhibition design and construction to museum planning and operation , education research, media communication, cultural and creative development, marketing promotion and other fields, laying the foundation for meeting the diverse and high-quality cultural needs of the public.

　　Duan Xiaoming, director of the Hunan Museum, believes that behind the popularity of museum cultural and creative products, it reflects the people's yearning for a better life and the public's recognition of China's excellent traditional culture. The source of inspiration for creation serves economic and social development.

　　On New Year's Eve in 2022, "Only This Green" condenses thousands of miles of mountains and rivers, restores famous paintings of the Northern Song Dynasty, and amazes China with a dance; It’s better than coffee latte art”; the domestic animation “Big Fish and Begonia” and “Journey to the West: The Return of the Great Sage” based on Chinese myths, legends and folk stories have achieved both box office and word-of-mouth...a Chinese culture that has lasted for more than 5,000 years Merging into the surging torrent of the new era, the influence of excellent traditional culture has formed a trend of breaking the circle.

　　"I would give a sack of gold just to see Khiva." In this ancient Central Asian proverb, the charm of the ancient city of Khiva in southwestern Uzbekistan is fully revealed.

As the first world cultural heritage in Uzbekistan, dozens of key historical and cultural relics are preserved in the city, some of which have been in disrepair for a long time.

　　In 2014, Uzbekistan and China decided to cooperate in the protection and restoration of the ancient city of Khiva, focusing on the restoration and improvement of the Amir Tula Institute of Scripture and the Hassan Murad Kushbegi Mosque and the surrounding environment in the ancient city.

Chinese experts uphold the principles and concepts of international cultural heritage protection, try their best to preserve the original state and historical information of cultural relics in the restoration, and use local traditional crafts and materials as much as possible.

　　Time is like water, and the historical features of the ancient city of Khiva have been revitalized, inheriting the story of China-Uzbekistan Silk Road civilization exchanges that lasted for thousands of years.

　　Today's China is not only the China of China, but also the China of Asia and the China of the world.

In the past ten years, more than 500 cultural relics have been exhibited in and out of my country, and 44 joint archaeological projects have been carried out in 24 countries including Saudi Arabia.

　　In China in the new era, the ancient cultural context is carried forward through continuous inheritance, and the Chinese civilization shows strong vitality in the development of the times, which inspires the great cultural confidence of the Chinese people and illuminates the magnificent journey of the great rejuvenation of the nation.

　　Published in "Lookout" Issue 3, 2023

　　Article | "Outlook" News Weekly reporter Shi Yucen Wang Peng Xu Zhuang

　　Media integration of cultural heritage | Tang Duoduo, copywriting planner; Yu Qianhuan, visual designer