Grain production realizes "Nineteen Lianfeng" Agricultural science and technology innovation takes a solid step
Hold the Chinese rice bowl firmly in your own hands
New year new life.
Although the cold winter is not over, new vitality is already gestating in the fields: in Xinxiang, Henan, winter wheat is growing quietly after drinking enough water; in Huaian, Jiangsu, in the rice seedling greenhouse, technicians are busy putting seeds into the rice seedling machine... …
Agriculture is the basic industry of the national economy, and food is related to the national destiny and people's livelihood.
In 2022, in the face of the global food crisis, my country's total grain output will reach 1,373.1 billion catties, realizing the "Nineteen Years of Harvest", and the Chinese people's rice bowl will be more secure.
Entering a new journey, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized at the Central Rural Work Conference that a new round of 100 billion jin grain production capacity improvement actions should be implemented.
It is necessary to keep an eye on the frontiers of the world's agricultural science and technology, vigorously improve the level of my country's agricultural science and technology, and accelerate the realization of high-level agricultural science and technology self-reliance and self-improvement.
The key to agricultural modernization is the modernization of agricultural science and technology. In recent years, major breakthroughs have been made in my country's agricultural science and technology innovation, and high-level agricultural science and technology have taken solid steps towards self-reliance and self-improvement.
In the new year, agricultural science and technology workers from all over the world focus on the frontiers of high-yield and low-carbon agricultural science and technology, and describe a new round of modern agricultural landscape.
"How to make Yangzhou fried rice delicious? The first thing is to have good rice"
It is said that winter is the slack season for farming, but the big farmers in Jianning County, Sanming City, Fujian Province are not idle.
At 10 a.m. on January 9th, the "Jianning Five Sons" Mountain Products New Year's Festival hosted by the Jianning County Bureau of Industry and Information Technology was launched on the webcast platform. Among them, Jianning's characteristic rice seeds were received a lot as soon as they went online. Order.
Jianning County is a major national-level seed production county, and one out of every ten hybrid rice seeds in the country comes from here.
The interlaced landform of local hills and rivers provides a natural isolation barrier for seed production, making it one of the most advantageous areas for cultivating and producing hybrid rice seeds in my country.
Seeds are known as agricultural "chips", and the cultivation of improved seeds is an important part of ensuring food security.
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that the implementation of the revitalization of the seed industry should be carried out in depth, and the support of agricultural technology and equipment should be strengthened to ensure that the rice bowl of the Chinese people is firmly in their own hands.
In recent years, Jianning County has promoted the construction of a hybrid rice industrial park, and a number of leading enterprises have been born, continuously cultivating and promoting hybrid rice varieties known as "Oriental Magic Rice", and a number of fine varieties with independent intellectual property rights have gone from here to the whole country.
In Jianning County, from the fields to the breeding institutions, there are high-tech figures everywhere.
In the local seed industry science and technology center laboratory, advanced testing instruments can inspect and identify indicators such as seed purity and clarity, as well as DNA, to ensure the quality and safety of seeds.
The science and technology center adopts a number of advanced technologies such as big data, which can realize the production management of seeds in the whole county.
In addition to breeding, in the seed production process, the modern seed production and management system has also enabled Jianning County to realize "adapting measures to local conditions" in seed production: more than 90,000 mu of seed production rice fields, more than 300 varieties per year, which field has what kind of climate, is suitable for What kind of seeds to plant, when to sow, transplant, pollinate, harvest... can be accurately planned.
In the post-harvest processing of seeds, Jianning County Modern Agriculture Industrial Park has also developed new technologies such as intensive smart barn drying seeds. After the rice is harvested, just pour it into the barn, set the temperature, and start the rice seeds with one button. Just dry it.
Xiao Fenghui, a villager in Shangli Village, Lixin Town, Jianning County, said that in the past, every household in the village had drying mats. During the autumn harvest, the rice was spread on the mats, and they were turned over at regular intervals to dry for many days.
If it rains and the harvest is not timely, the seeds will become moldy.
Now that the seeds have entered the curing room, they can be taken home in two days and two nights, which is more convenient.
Rice is one of the three major food crops in my country. In recent years, new technologies and new achievements have been continuously made in rice breeding and seedling raising in various places.
"634.7 kg! Not only high yield, but also high quality and environmentally friendly!" In the rice and shrimp co-production demonstration base in Qingfeng Village, Touqiao Town, Guangling District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, the average yield per mu of the new rice variety "Shrimp You 100" surprised the researcher of the Agricultural Science Institute They were very pleasantly surprised.
"How to make Yangzhou fried rice delicious? First of all, there must be good rice." Zhang Jiahong, a researcher at the Jiangsu Lixiahe Regional Agricultural Science Research Institute, introduced that Xiayou 100 is the first in Jiangsu Province cultivated by the rice breeding innovation team of the Lixiahe Agricultural Science Institute. The special rice varieties for rice and shrimp fields not only withstood the influence of unfavorable factors such as extreme high temperature weather and typhoons in the summer of 2022, but also showed the characteristics of high plant height, flood resistance, and excellent quality, and can also be realized under the deep water conditions of rice and shrimp co-cropping. Production of high-quality rice with zero pesticide residues.
In the Arirang Agricultural Mechanized Planting Farmers Professional Cooperative in Minle Korean Township, Wuchang, Heilongjiang Province, 11 intelligent rice seedling-raising greenhouses have realized "smart" seedling raising.
The seedbed greenhouse control system can automatically control the temperature, humidity and other indexes in the greenhouse, which greatly improves the germination rate of seedlings.
The pot seedling transplanting technology of rice not only saves manpower but also improves production.
"The rice transplanter is equipped with the Beidou navigation system"
On a winter morning, in the Detao Family Farm in Pinghu Economic and Technological Development Zone, Pinghu City, Zhejiang Province, winter wheat is growing like neatly arranged little soldiers.
The farm advocate Liangjie is operating the drone to fertilize the wheat seedlings in an orderly manner above the farmland.
In the cultivation of agricultural crops, it is inevitable to compete with the sky and the earth, but Zhang Liangjie is full of confidence in the grain output of his farm in the next season.
His confidence comes from advanced agricultural technology.
"We have purchased new agricultural equipment and installed Beidou navigation systems on rice transplanters and seeders," Zhang Liangjie said.
"Through the Beidou satellite control, you can enter the automatic driving mode after setting the route. This not only saves manpower, but also improves the quality of crops and helps increase grain income and production."
In 2022, DeTao Family Farms will have an average yield of 533 kilograms per 100 mu of demonstration fields of rice and a maximum yield of 577.04 kilograms of wheat, breaking the two highest records in Zhejiang Province that have been maintained for 11 years. Such achievements cannot be separated from the support of modern agricultural technology.
Drone spraying, drone transplanting... These technologies allow farms to achieve precise planting and efficient operations.
In the past few days, in the wheat fields of the farm, unmanned seeders are replanting.
Zhang Liangjie took out his mobile phone and performed simple operations in the APP.
"The distance between each row of wheat seedlings is 20-30 cm, which is most conducive to the growth of crops. Mechanized planting can precisely control this distance, and can also avoid nearly 70% of weed damage." Zhang Liangjie said.
Not only the Detao family farm, but also in Pinghu, Zhejiang, agricultural technology has made agricultural production farewell to the hardship and extensiveness of "depending on the sky for food".
Cowpeas in the sand, geraniums in the sky, and fast vegetables in the nutrient liquid film... Compared with traditional agriculture, Zhejiang Lvji Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., located in Pinghu Agricultural Economic Development Zone, Zhejiang Province, not only has a special planting method, but also has a high output value. The output can also be nearly doubled, thanks to the combination of special planting methods and various technological equipment in the company's base.
In the midwinter morning, the endless fields are covered with a layer of white frost, but it is a different scene in Zhejiang Lvji Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.
The well-structured greenhouse and the drone in the middle of the road add a sense of mystery to the base. Unraveling the mystery of this digital agriculture begins with a Beidou high-scoring base station.
"This base station can survey and draw high-precision maps of the farm. With it, we can optimize the management and intelligent scheduling of the site, equipment and personnel. After the base station was completed, we introduced unmanned vehicles. Now irrigation, water and fertilizer, environment, temperature control and other processes do not need Manual intervention can be done by computer." said Yu Kui, head of Zhejiang Lvji Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., pointing to the screen.
When Yu Kui clicked the mouse, a lot of data were clearly displayed on the screen: the temperature was 20°C, the watering time was 10:05, and the duration was 20 minutes... Yu Kui said that once the indicators were abnormal, the system would automatically alarm and remind.
Just click on the mobile phone to realize the automatic management of greenhouse temperature control, irrigation and fertilization, etc. Now only one administrator is needed for the entire 130 mu of land in the park.
With these "high-tech" blessings, crops can grow smoothly in media other than soil.
In the hydroponics and aeroponics planting areas, geraniums are evenly planted "in the air".
Why can plants grow smoothly in the air?
It turns out that in the area where geranium is planted, the nutrient solution required for plant growth exists in the air in the form of mist. In this way, the planting space can be fully utilized, and the conditions of water and fertilizer for the plant root system can be optimized. Recycling is also possible.
In addition to hydroponics and aeroponics, sand culture is also a highlight. Sand in the desert and sea sand on the coast can be used as planting media to reduce pests and diseases.
Yu Kui said that compared with traditional agriculture, digital agriculture technology makes the crop growth cycle shorter for the same size of planting area.
"We are now mainly doing some of our own production and the output of crop standardization technology. We hope that in the future, digital agriculture can be used more widely."
"Ecological agriculture is also a technical activity"
Near Sanyuan Bridge, Chaoyang District, Beijing, there is a small vegetable shop hidden in the bustling downtown area. The vegetable shop sells all kinds of vegetables and whole grains. They all have a common feature, that is, they are grown without pesticides. , Ecological low-carbon planting without chemical fertilizers.
Guiling Farm, located in Dali City, Yunnan Province, is one of the suppliers of the vegetable store.
This farm has many differences from traditional farms. For example, weeds, which are regarded as the "enemy" of crops, are everywhere on the farm.
Farmer Chen Yuhu has a set of sustainable farming methods. She said that after the weeds on the farm are cut, they will not be thrown away, but will continue to be piled in the field.
With all kinds of "weeds", there will be plant diversity, and all kinds of insects will come here to make their homes.
At the same time, the layers of grass and litter are like covering the land with a quilt, which can keep the land at a relatively constant humidity and temperature, and various microorganisms can live in peace.
In this way, the farm will achieve a dynamic ecological balance, the soil will become more and more healthy, and the pests and diseases of crops will be greatly reduced.
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the Central Rural Work Conference, "Building a strong agricultural country must reflect Chinese characteristics, based on my country's national conditions, based on the resource endowment of more people and less land, the historical heritage of farming civilization, and the harmonious coexistence of man and nature. The way to go is not to simply copy the foreign model of modern agricultural power, but to "develop ecological low-carbon agriculture and continue farming civilization".
In recent years, as green and low-carbon has become a new requirement and trend for the development of all walks of life, the agricultural field is also realizing sustainable green and low-carbon development through the combination of modern technology and traditional farming civilization.
In Qiyang City, Hunan Province, Chen Xiaolong, head of Hunan Sunqi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and workers are preparing for spring planting.
The company has 300 mu of "rice duck mode" ecological grain fields, all of which adopt a green and ecological production mode.
Chen Xiaolong is a doctoral student at Xiamen University. Because he grew up in the countryside, out of his love for agriculture and the desire to "let more people eat healthy and ecological food", he returned to his hometown five years ago after graduating from his doctorate to start a Research on ecological agriculture and agricultural science and technology.
Many people say that ecological planting, without chemical fertilizers, will inevitably lead to low yields, but Chen Xiaolong doesn't believe it.
However, in the first year, Chen Xiaolong used the "rice-duck model" to plant ecological grain fields that produced less than 200 catties of rice per mu. However, Chen Xiaolong did not want to give up. He insisted on not using pesticides, chemical fertilizers, or spraying herbicides.
In order to increase the yield, for several years, he has been running between the laboratory and the farmland almost every day, constantly innovating and tackling key problems, optimizing and upgrading the "rice duck model", and the yield per mu of grain fields has gradually exceeded 400 catties and 500 catties.
Duck and rice grow together and help each other. This is the wisdom of nature.
Chen Xiaolong said that in the "rice-duck mode", ducks can eat insects and weeds, and their excrement provides organic fertilizers for rice fields. Together with other green base fertilizers and insect traps and other equipment, the coordinated development of agriculture and the environment is achieved.
"Some people think that ecological agriculture is not as technologically advanced as modern agriculture. In fact, it is wrong. Ecological agriculture is also a technical job. As far as the 'rice-duck model' is concerned, although it has been around for a long time, it has been developed under the condition of maintaining ecological health. How to make the benefits better is a question from the university.” Chen Xiaolong said that from what type of rice to grow to what type of ducks to raise, and how many ducks to raise in an acre of land, it takes a lot of research.
In order to better promote and develop ecological agriculture, Chen Xiaolong formed a biotechnology team with doctoral and master students from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences to build an agricultural technology production model from seed cultivation to ecological planting and brand processing.
In recent years, relying on the knowledge of crop genetics and breeding learned in school, Chen Xiaolong led the team to analyze the experimental data, and successfully cultivated Qishan rouge rice and other fine varieties through the screening and breeding of more than 2,000 sets of germplasm resources and tens of thousands of rice seedlings.
Chen Xiaolong said that he hopes that such scientific research-based ecological planting models can be promoted more and promote the development of high-quality ecological agriculture in rural areas.
(Wang Yajing, reporter from China Discipline Inspection and Supervision News)