Vocational education reform will have these "big moves"

　　Our reporter Liu Yao

　　"People's Daily Overseas Edition" (Edition 09, January 5, 2023)

　　From clarifying the status and responsibilities of vocational education to promoting the reform of the modern vocational education system; from comprehensively deepening the integration of production and education, school-enterprise cooperation, and actively serving economic and social development... Over the past 10 years, the reform and development of China's vocational education has achieved remarkable results. Craftsmen from big countries continue to emerge, laying a solid foundation for accelerating the construction of a country that is strong in education, science and technology, and talent.

　　Recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Modern Vocational Education System Construction" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions").

The "Opinions" put forward a series of measures for the reform of vocational education in the new stage, and proposed solutions to the outstanding contradictions and problems in the reform and development of vocational education.

Promote the coordinated development of general occupations

　　"Vocational education is a type of education that has the same important status as general education" - the new vocational education law, which was officially implemented in May 2022, clarifies the status of vocational education in legal form for the first time.

　　For a long time, the society has stereotyped "dwarfing" and "narrowing" of vocational education.

In this regard, the "Opinions" clarified the positioning of vocational education, and proposed to adhere to people-oriented, establish and improve a gradient vocational education and training system with multi-form connection, multi-channel growth, and sustainable development, to promote the coordinated development and mutual integration of vocational general education, so that different endowments And students who need it can choose multiple times and become talents in a variety of ways.

　　"The functional orientation of vocational education has shifted from 'job seeking' to 'people-oriented', and more attention has been paid to the comprehensive development of serving people." Chen Ziji, director of the Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education, said that this will reverse the society's "contempt" for vocational education , Dispelling the anxiety caused by general job diversion plays a major role.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has established the world's largest vocational education system, with 11,200 vocational schools and 29.15 million students.

At the same time, how to break prejudice and enhance the attractiveness of vocational education is the key to the high-quality development of vocational education.

　　In terms of rising channels, the "ceiling" of vocational education is gradually being broken.

The vocational school system integrating "secondary vocational, higher vocational colleges, and vocational undergraduates" has basically been established, and a fusion mechanism has also been initially established between vocational education, basic education, higher education, and continuing education.

　　In this regard, the "Opinions" clearly stated that the coordinated innovation of vocational education, higher education, and continuing education should be coordinated, the reform of the modern vocational education system should be promoted in an orderly and effective manner, and the quality, adaptability, and attractiveness of vocational education should be effectively improved.

　　"Vocational education is not 'end education', it is not 'low-level education', and it is not 'elimination education'." Chen Ziji said that students who receive vocational education can not only advance to higher education, but also can be employed, and they can also be employed before further education. Broaden the channels for students to grow and become talents in a variety of ways.

Explore the provincial vocational education system

　　At Tianjin Sino-German University of Applied Sciences, students are busy on a new generation of intelligent welding technology platform.

Wang Jun, a teacher at the school's Laser and Welding Technology Application Research Institute, said that many advanced manufacturing companies are in urgent need of advanced welding technology talents. For this reason, the school has customized and trained more than 20 professionals for related companies, which are welcomed by companies.

　　The exploration and practice of Tianjin Sino-German University of Applied Sciences is the epitome of the development of vocational education in Tianjin.

Jing Hongyang, executive deputy secretary of the Tianjin Municipal Education Working Committee and director of the Municipal Education Commission, said that Tianjin continued to innovate in system design, and successively built a national vocational education reform pilot zone, a demonstration zone, and an upgraded version of the "demonstration zone"; established a Sino-German application technology University, taking the lead in establishing a complete training system for middle, high, undergraduate, master, and doctoral vocational education personnel.

　　Regarding the reform of vocational education in the new stage, the "Opinions" put forward a series of major measures, one of which is to explore a new model for the construction of a provincial modern vocational education system, centering on the national regional development plan and major strategies, to choose urgent needs, conditional basis Provinces (districts and municipalities) that are willing to reform and explore, make reform breakthroughs in the integration of industry and education, and the integration of vocational and general education, forming a batch of new experiences and new paradigms that can be replicated and promoted.

　　At the same time, in view of the lack of matching between the supply side of talent training and the demand side of the industry, the "Opinions" proposed to create a system design for the city-wide industry-education alliance and the industry-industry-education integration community, and pay more attention to serving economic and social development.

　　Chen Ziji pointed out that the "Opinions" put the foundation of the reform on the framework of the regional and industrial vocational education system. The four beams and eight pillars are the industry-education alliance and the industry-education integration community. Interactive and collaborative promotion of effective mechanisms.

Match talent supply and demand

　　In October 2022, Li Dexin, a teacher from Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College, won the gold medal in the furniture making project in the special competition of the World Skills Competition, winning the "first gold" for the Chinese delegation.

　　"I was lucky to catch up with the golden age of vocational education development." Li Dexin said that a series of policy dividends supporting the development of vocational education have better guaranteed vocational and technical talents.

　　At present, "double-qualified" teachers account for more than half of the teachers of professional courses in vocational education in China; more than 1,500 vocational education groups (alliances) have been established nationwide, more than 3,000 enterprises integrating production and education have been cultivated, and 21 industrial-education integration enterprises have been piloted. A modern city; Vocational schools and enterprises have jointly built 24,900 practical training bases, and the modern apprenticeship program covers more than 1,000 professional sites, benefiting more than 100,000 students (apprentices).

　　Regarding the important tasks of vocational education system construction and reform, the "Opinions" proposed to improve the key school-running capabilities of vocational schools, strengthen the construction of "double-qualified" teachers, build an open regional practice center for the integration of production and education, broaden the channels for students to grow and become talents, and innovate international education. Exchange and cooperation mechanisms and other measures.

　　Chen Ziji said that the integration of production and education is the basic feature and the biggest advantage of modern vocational education, and it is also the difficulty and focus of reform.

The "Opinions" bundle vocational education with industry progress, industrial transformation, and regional development, give full play to their respective advantages, innovate a positive interaction mechanism, and solve the problem of insufficient matching between the supply side of talent training and the industry demand side.

　　Wang An, deputy secretary of the Party Committee and director of CRRC Group Co., Ltd., said that CRRC Group will jointly take the lead with high-level colleges and universities and vocational schools, and take the lead in establishing a cross-border cooperation with schools, scientific research institutions, and upstream and downstream enterprises in the rail transportation equipment industry. Regional industry-education integration community.

Innovative international exchange and cooperation

　　"Here I learned how to use robots and vision equipment, and also developed an industrial communication research project." At the Luban Workshop at the Institute of Technology in Setúbal, Portugal, Portuguese student Alexandre Gerardo sorted out the three years of practical training reward.

　　Luban Workshop is an international brand of vocational education created and promoted by Tianjin under the guidance of the Ministry of Education of China. It adopts a combination of academic education and vocational training, trains local teachers with Chinese standards, and then teaches students by local teachers. Share the outstanding achievements of China's vocational education with other countries.

　　At present, China has established 21 Luban workshops in 20 overseas countries, and opened "Chinese + vocational education" special projects in more than 40 countries and regions.

The talent training standards and professional construction quality of China's vocational education have been widely recognized internationally, and it has become a new carrier for Sino-foreign economic, trade and cultural exchanges and cooperation.

　　In this regard, the "Opinions" proposed to innovate the international exchange and cooperation mechanism, continue to hold the World Vocational and Technical Education Development Conference and the World Vocational College Skills Competition, promote the establishment of the World Vocational and Technical Education Development Alliance, create an international cooperation platform for vocational education, and build a group of High-level international vocational schools and other measures will enhance the international influence of China's vocational education.

　　"Through the establishment and improvement of the international cooperation mechanism for vocational education, my country's vocational education will change from 'one-way introduction and reference' to 'two-way joint construction and sharing', serving international production capacity cooperation and Chinese enterprises going global, and gradually forming an international development of vocational education with Chinese characteristics mode." Chen Ziji said.

(People's Daily Overseas Edition)