Quick Facts! The highlights of the Shenzhou 15 manned flight mission are as follows↓
The Shenzhou 15 manned spacecraft is scheduled to be launched at 23:08 on November 29, Beijing time. The flight crew consists of astronauts Fei Junlong, Deng Qingming and Zhang Lu, with Fei Junlong serving as the commander.
This mission is the last stick in the construction phase of China's space station, and also the first stick in the application and development phase of the space station, which plays an important role in connecting the past and ushering in the future.
The launch is imminent, what are the highlights of this mission?
Aspect one
Two astronauts will "rendezvous" in space for the first time
The two crews of Shenzhou 15 and Shenzhou 14 will "meet each other" in space and carry out on-orbit handover "face-to-face", which can be called the primary highlight of this mission.
On-orbit handover will be the main task handover mode during the operation of China's space station in the future, which is more efficient and reliable than ground handover.
Aspect Two
Crew of Shenzhou 15 will take on new challenges
After the in-orbit handover, the Chinese space station will enter a long-term manned resident mode.
The crew of Shenzhou 15, as the first crew to visit after the completion of the space station's in-orbit construction, will carry out the long-term residency verification of the status of the third module of the space station, and the management workload for the operation and maintenance of the spacecraft will increase significantly.
In addition to daily maintenance and care of the space station, the astronauts will complete the unlocking, installation and testing of 15 scientific experiment cabinets, and carry out more than 40 space science and technology experiments covering space science research and application, aerospace medicine, aerospace technology and other fields.
During the in-orbit period, it is planned to implement 3-4 extravehicular activities, and for the first time, the cargo airlock of the Mengtian experimental module will be used to transfer items. The range of extravehicular activities for astronauts is also wider, which will bring them greater challenge.
Aspect three
Rocket reliability improved
The reliability index of the Long March 2F carrier rocket for manned missions has reached 0.98, and the safety index has reached 0.997.
After continuous technical improvement, the flight reliability evaluation result of the Long March 2F Yao 15 carrier rocket that carried out this mission was 0.9895.
As a new batch of rockets, compared with the Long March 2F Yao14 carrier rocket, there are a total of 45 technical status changes, which further improve the reliability and launch probability of the rocket, so as to better serve the mission of the space station.
After this launch mission, the Long March 2F Yao 16 carrier rocket will enter the emergency rescue "on duty" state to carry out the manned launch mission of the subsequent space station operation phase.
Aspect four
The ship-arrow combination will implement manned missions in low-temperature and harsh environments
Currently, the weather at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center is cold, with the lowest temperature breaking through minus 20°C. Before that, only two unmanned spacecraft, Shenzhou 1 and Shenzhou 4, had been launched after late November.
Therefore, in view of the fact that the Shenzhou 15 ship-arrow assembly will perform manned flight missions in a low-temperature and harsh environment, the ground equipment at the launch site has undergone a comprehensive renovation. Confirm the guarantee, and agree to supply air according to the upper temperature limit.
At the same time, a risk control plan has been formulated for possible failures of low air supply temperature in the waiting section, and the electric temperature adjustment on the ground of the propulsion tank will be turned on according to the situation to ensure that the propellant temperature of the spacecraft's return module and propulsion module meets the launch requirements.
In addition, the rocket system has also taken measures to paste insulation layers in important sections to ensure that the launch requirements of the mission are met.
Aspect five
The space station will realize the first two manned ships to dock
During the mission, two Shenzhou manned spacecraft docked at the space station at the same time for the first time.
Shenzhou 15 is docked at the forward port of the Tianhe core module, and Shenzhou 14 is docked at the radial port of the Tianhe core module. The two spacecraft simultaneously carry out information transmission, ventilation and heat exchange, and grid-connected power supply with the space station.
During the crew rotation, the space station will pass on the telemetry of the two ships through different docking buses to ensure the uniqueness and correctness of the information transmission of the two manned spacecraft.
The space station system will provide ventilation and thermal support to the two manned spacecraft at the same time. The air supply volume will be reasonably distributed according to the different thermal environments of the two ships, and can be adjusted in stages according to needs.
At the same time, a coordinated and matching emergency evacuation strategy was formulated for the situation where the two ships docked at the same time, to ensure the safety of the astronauts.
Aspect six
The space station complex will form the largest configuration for the first time
The manned flight mission of Shenzhou 15 is the last flight mission in the construction stage of China's space station. After the rendezvous and docking of the spacecraft and the space station assembly, the Chinese space station will have a unique shape, namely, the core module of Tianhe, the experimental module of Wentian, and the experimental module of Mengtian. module, two manned spacecraft and one cargo spacecraft to form a combination of "three cabins and three ships". This is the largest configuration of China's space station at present, with a total mass of nearly 100 tons. It will show the excellence of China's manned spaceflight engineering to the world. ability.
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(CCTV news client)