In the ten years of the new era, a total of 163,000 old communities have been renovated across the country, benefiting more than 28 million residents
Renovation and renewal of old residential areas to enhance the sense of gain of ordinary people (Industrial Observation·Building a modern infrastructure system②)
Reporter Ding Yiting and Fan Haotian
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized in the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China that "implement urban renewal actions, strengthen urban infrastructure construction, and build a livable, resilient, and smart city" "take more measures to benefit people's livelihood and warm people's hearts, and focus on solving people's problems. The masses are anxious and anxious about problems."
The renovation of old communities is an important task to enhance the sense of gain of ordinary people, and it is also an important part of implementing urban renewal actions.
In the ten years of the new era, a total of 163,000 old communities have been renovated across the country, benefiting more than 28 million residents.
In the process of transformation, 185,000 kilometers of old pipelines such as water, electricity, heat, etc. have been standardized and renovated, and 36,000 community service facilities such as elderly care and childcare have been added.
From peeling walls, cluttered environment, and lack of facilities, to facade renovation, greening improvement, and service optimization, how can the old community make up for its shortcomings and give it a new look?
What new measures will be taken to benefit the people's livelihood and warm people's hearts?
The reporter conducted an interview.
Technology empowerment——
"Face is new" "Lizi is real", the old community has a new look
"In the past, I was most afraid of the rainy season. We were often flooded here, and the deepest water was more than 1 meter. In addition, the rain and sewage were not diverted. When it rained, the sewage flooded up, and the smell was suffocating." I lived in Tangqiuwan Community, Yueyang City, Hunan Province Zhu Guiying, who has been living for 20 years, said with emotion that after the renovation of the pipe network in the community, the shoes will not get wet in the light rain, and the water will not be waterlogged in the heavy rain. "You don't have to worry about going out in rainy days anymore!"
The pipe network is in disrepair, and waterlogging is an urgent problem for many people in old communities.
How to apply technical equipment according to local conditions, so as to make "face new" and "inside real", puts forward a test for the renovation project.
In view of the shortcomings in the drainage of Tangqiuwan Community, combined with the previous visits and investigations, the project team formulated a set of renovation plans——
Repair pipe network, divert rain and sewage.
"The Tangqiu Bay community was built in the early 1990s. Most of the pipelines did not have inspection wells, so they could not be repaired and cleared regularly, and there were many blockages. In addition, factors such as years of disrepair and vehicle rolling caused uneven settlement of the pipelines and water flow. It is not smooth, and it is easy to return sewage and feces during the rainy season." Zhao Licong, technical director of the Yueyang Tangqiu Bay waterlogging point improvement project of the China Construction Second Bureau, introduced that the builder divided the pipeline hidden underground in the community into two to ensure sufficient diameter during heavy rain The rainwater discharged from the pipeline shall not be mixed with domestic sewage.
Build a pump station to unblock the meridians.
The project team built an integrated drainage and lifting pumping station. When the water level reaches the height set by the sensor, the pump bucket starts to operate, improving the efficiency of pumping and drainage of accumulated water during the flood season.
When the three pump barrels are running at the same time, they can pump and drain 1300 liters of accumulated water per second, which is equivalent to the water consumption of more than 10 top-loading washing machines for one wash.
Ingenious maintenance, time-saving and efficient.
Retrofitting pipelines is just the starting point, and subsequent maintenance is equally important.
At the entrance of an underground pipeline in the community, the staff lowered a device similar to a remote-controlled car into the well, and by manipulating a tablet computer, they can view the picture of the pipeline without blind spots, which is equivalent to a "CT inspection"; once damage is found, they can use a repair robot , using ultraviolet light curing irradiation technology, so that the polymer repair material can be quickly formed in the pipeline and put on a layer of "new clothes".
"In the past, pipeline repairs often dug the road surface full of holes, which not only affected citizens' travel, but also faced risks such as gas poisoning. Now, with the help of pipeline trenchless intelligent detection and repair technology, it saves about 80% of the construction period and reduces three Forty percent of the cost." Zhao Licong compared.
To make up for the shortcomings of waterlogging and waterlogging in old communities, in addition to improving the discharge capacity, "internal storage" recycling is also an effective means.
In the Zhenze New Village Community in Lihu Street, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, the colorful flower boxes are quite eye-catching.
"Some buildings have narrow spaces and cannot be connected to the municipal rainwater pipe network. This kind of box can store excess rainwater, which can be used for irrigation and road cleaning after sedimentation and purification. The landscape effect is also good." Wang Junyuan, project manager of China Construction First Bureau, introduced, The project team also set up rain gardens and sunken green spaces in some low-lying areas, and transformed the original grass-planted brick parking spaces into permeable concrete parking spaces to maximize the accumulation, infiltration and reuse of rainwater.
The renovation of old residential areas involves a variety of contents and technologies. In addition to waterlogging and waterlogging renovation, there are also improvements in roof durability, energy-saving renovation of outer enclosure structures, and installation of barrier-free facilities for all ages.
Currently, some localities are organizing the compilation of practical guidance manuals to share specific retrofit experiences and technologies.
In June of this year, Jiangsu issued the "Technical Manual for Promoting Appropriate Promotion and Application of Urban Old Community Reconstruction (Trial)", which integrated concepts such as elderly-friendly communities and child-friendly communities, and proposed technical systems such as infrastructure renovation and public space optimization. In terms of technical introduction, technical application and related specifications, technical points are proposed one by one, and a "menu-style" transformation list is provided.
Residents discuss——
"What to change" and "How to change", the transformation process gathers public opinion and wisdom
The renovation of old residential areas involves many things.
How to fully gather public opinion and wisdom to realize joint construction, joint governance and shared benefits?
Flat and clean asphalt roads, vibrant green belts, and uniform parking spaces... Walking into the Muyanghu Community in Xisaishan District, Huangshi City, Hubei Province, 67-year-old resident Li Qinghua is sitting and resting under the poetry and painting corridor: "There was no planning for parking in the past. Every time my son comes to visit me, he has to find a place to park. Now that the neighborhood is much more tidy and spacious, I don’t have to worry about parking.”
There are 19 buildings in Muyanghu Community, most of which were built in the 1960s and 1970s.
This densely populated old community will start renovation in 2020.
"Before the renovation, 'Ask the needs of the people', during the renovation, 'Ask the people', and after the renovation, 'Ask the people', and encourage residents to participate in the formulation of the plan and the supervision of the progress of the project." Shang Zihan, director of the Urban and Rural Development Bureau of Xisaishan District, introduced .
Look at "what to change" first.
Open the renovation consultation book, and the problems reported by the residents are recorded one by one. Among them, the opinions of the parking lot in the community and the difficulty of charging are particularly concentrated: "Vehicles are parked in all directions in the community, and the roads cannot be walked." "The problem of charging electric vehicles should be considered. , Some residents pull flying wires from upstairs to charge electric vehicles, which poses a great safety hazard.”
Look at "how to change".
Muyanghu community established a courtyard self-government committee, which is composed of retired party members and resident representatives. Under the organization of the street and the community, a resident meeting was held to publicize the construction design plan and renderings and widely solicit opinions.
For example, some residents asked, "Some buildings have many elderly people, and they don't have cars and don't drive. What's the benefit of building parking spaces?" After multiple rounds of voting and repeated discussions, it was finally decided to determine the number of parking spaces to be built according to the actual needs of each building. .
For buildings with less parking demand, the remaining space can be built into stone chairs, stone benches, green belts, etc. according to the wishes of residents.
At the same time, two electric car parking sheds will be built and charging piles will be added.
In terms of parking fees, the monthly fee is 60 yuan, which is mainly used for daily expenses such as community facility maintenance.
Now that the plan is finalized, where will the construction space for parking spaces and charging piles be tapped?
"Demolition of privately built vegetable gardens and utility rooms in the community can free up a lot of space, but it is difficult to promote because it involves the interests of some residents." Wang Guangwen, deputy director of Muyanghu Community, introduced community party members and cadres and resident volunteers Door-to-door door-to-door work: "Illegal buildings are demolished, and there are fewer fire hazards." a charging pile.
"Change from a 'top-down' government promotion to a 'bottom-up' active participation of the masses, making decisions, co-constructing development, co-managing construction, co-evaluating effects, and sharing results, effectively boosting the renovation of old communities. "Shang Zihan was deeply touched.
Diversified funds——
"Excellent service" and "sustainable", exploring the participation mechanism of social forces
The renovation of old communities requires not only improving "hard facilities" to meet residents' living needs, but also optimizing "soft services" to improve residents' quality of life.
However, in order to enrich the supply of community services such as elderly care, childcare, and food assistance, it is obviously difficult to rely on government funds alone, and social capital is needed to "add firewood and salary."
In view of the dilemma of many renovation projects being small and scattered, with low returns and low returns, how to mobilize the enthusiasm of social forces to participate?
The reporter walked into the west courtyard of Liuheyuan South Community, Lugu Street, Shijingshan District, Beijing to find out.
Lunch time is approaching, kung pao chicken, marinated duck neck, scrambled eggs with tomatoes, tofu with green vegetables... The community cafeteria in Liuheyuan South Community is steaming and fragrant.
Aunt Sun, a 74-year-old resident, is choosing a suitable meal: "There are many kinds of food. The three meat dishes, two vegetables and one soup cost 18 yuan. The price is not expensive. The key point is that you don't have to buy vegetables and cook by yourself, which is convenient and worry-free."
In Liuheyuan South Community, residents over the age of 60, like Aunt Sun, account for more than 30%.
"The cafeteria not only provides convenience for the elderly to eat, the breakfasts such as steamed buns, purple rice porridge, and sugar pancakes, which are served at 5:30 in the morning, are also popular among young office workers. According to Qin Qun.
In 2020, Liuheyuan South Community will start the transformation of old communities, and will introduce social capital Vision Group to participate.
During the transformation process, community dining halls, living rooms for the elderly, roof gardens, three-dimensional garages and other convenient facilities were added to the community.
"After dinner, meet up with some old friends, go to the garden to bask in the sun, and chat about homework. The living room for the elderly provides regular free consultations, physiotherapy and other services. It's such a comfortable life." Aunt Sun, who had originally planned to move out, decided to stay. down.
Providing these "icing on the cake" facilities and services has won the recognition of residents.
But where will the money for the transformation come from, and how can sustainable operations be achieved?
"There are only 4 buildings and 630 residents in the West Courtyard of Liuheyuan South Community. It is difficult to make overall consideration for the renovation of a single project. Lugu Sub-district took the lead in packaging and coordinating the bidding of 7 small courtyards in 3 surrounding communities, forming a contiguous scale effect. We are transforming In the future, income from parking management fees and inefficient space rents can be used to achieve sustainable meager profits in the long run.” Liu Yuxi, director of the transformation project of Liuheyuan South Community of Vision Group, introduced.
Nowadays, many places are actively exploring corresponding mechanisms to solve problems such as government subsidies and difficulties in accessing social forces for the renovation of old communities.
For example, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province organizes parking facilities construction units to apply for loans with financial institutions, and banks provide construction units with mortgage or pledge financing based on the property rights, use rights, and charging rights of parking facilities to solve the financing problems of market players; Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province through taxation Measures such as preferential policies and increasing floor area ratios to revitalize idle resources have attracted social forces to invest.
At the end of last year, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and other relevant departments issued a notice to encourage the cultivation of various professional institutions through government procurement, paid use of new facilities, and implementation of asset rights and interests without increasing hidden debts of local governments. And other social forces, the whole chain participates in the transformation project planning, design, financing, construction, operation and management.
Support standardized large-scale implementation of operating entities to fully tap the profit points of transformation projects such as operating community services in a market-oriented manner, and balance transformation investment through the follow-up long-term operation income of the project to achieve sustainability.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, my country will basically complete the task of renovating 219,000 old urban communities built before the end of 2000.
"Next, we will innovate financial support methods, implement policies such as the use of idle land and the adjustment of existing housing uses, and accelerate the formation of policy mechanisms to promote the transformation of old urban communities, so that the people's sense of gain, happiness, and security will be more fulfilled and more secure. , more sustainable.” said the head of the relevant department of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development.
(People's Daily)