◎Our reporter Zhang Gailun
"Breakthroughs have been achieved in some key core technologies, strategic emerging industries have developed and expanded, manned spaceflight, lunar and fire exploration, deep-sea and deep exploration, supercomputers, satellite navigation, quantum information, nuclear power technology, large aircraft manufacturing, biomedicine, etc. have made major achievements. Achievements, enter the ranks of innovative countries."
On the morning of October 16, General Secretary Xi Jinping mentioned in the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China that major achievements have been made in some important areas.
Among these achievements, there are many "representative works".
The magnificent movement they constitute has played a symphony of the era of technological innovation.
Human spaceflight: We have our own space station
Not long ago, "Tiangong Classroom" opened for the third time.
In the vast space, we have a space science education base.
Back in April 2020, the Tianhe core module of China's space station was successfully launched, which marks that the construction of my country's space station has entered the stage of full implementation.
On June 17 of that year, the Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft carrying three astronauts, Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo, was successfully launched and completed an autonomous and rapid rendezvous with the Tianhe core module.
The Chinese have entered their own space station for the first time.
From October 16, 2021 to April 16, 2022, the Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft carrying three astronauts, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, was successfully launched and returned to the landing. This half-year business trip also It has set a new record for the continuous flight time of Chinese astronauts in orbit.
On June 5, 2022, the Shenzhou 14 manned spacecraft was successfully launched, and astronauts Chen Dong, Liu Yang, and Cai Xuzhe entered the Tianhe core module.
On July 24, the launch mission of the Wentian experimental module, the first scientific experimental module of the Chinese space station, was a complete success.
Before the end of this year, when the "Mengtian" experimental module is launched into orbit and rendezvous with the on-orbit "Tianhe" core module and "Wentian" experimental module combination, China's "Tiangong" space station will be completed, completing China's The last step of the "three-step" development strategy of manned spaceflight engineering.
The story of manned spaceflight will continue to shine brightly in the universe.
Lunar Exploration and Fire Exploration: Refreshing Human Knowledge of the Moon and Mars
At 10:26 on January 3, 2019, the Chang'e-4 probe landed autonomously on the far side of the moon. This is the first soft landing of a human probe on the far side of the moon.
After that, the Yutu-2 rover arrived on the surface of the moon, and thus started its extraordinary journey of exploration.
Because of the launch of Chang'e-4, we also saw the world's first close-up image of the back of the moon.
Chang'e 5 will fly to the moon in 2020.
After the moon fell steadily, one of its important tasks was to dig soil on the moon.
In the early morning of December 17, 2020, with the lunar "native products", the Chang'e-5 returner landed in the predetermined area.
The three-step plan of "circling, falling and returning" for China's lunar exploration project was completed on schedule.
Around the precious lunar soil, Chinese researchers have carried out a series of studies.
These results are also refreshing human understanding of the evolution of the moon.
In 2021, Mars will welcome a Chinese probe.
On July 23, 2020, China's first Mars exploration mission "Tianwen-1" probe was successfully launched, taking the first step in my country's independent planetary exploration.
After nearly 300 days of flight and 400 million kilometers, on May 15, 2021, "Tianwen-1" successfully landed on Mars.
On May 22, 2021, the "Zhurong" rover drove off the landing platform; on June 11, the first scientific images of the "Tianwen-1" probe landing on Mars were released.
On Mars, China's imprint has been left, and the world has also seen the wisdom of Chinese astronauts.
In September 2022, based on the low-frequency radar data of the "Zhurong" Mars rover, Chinese researchers revealed the fine structure and physical characteristics of the present-day superficial Mars.
Deep Sea Deep Exploration: Go, Go Deeper
On November 10, 2020, the "Striver" successfully explored the bottom of the Mariana Trench, setting a new record for China's manned deep dive of 10,909 meters.
The successful development of the "Striver" full-sea deep manned submersible marks that my country has reached the world's leading level in the field of deep manned deep diving. Since then, human beings have a powerful new platform for exploring the 10,000-meter abyss.
my country already owns three deep-sea manned submersibles, "Jiaolong", "Deep Sea Warrior" and "Striver", as well as "Haidou", "Qianlong", "Haiyan", "Haiyi" and "Hailong". A series of unmanned submersibles have initially established a full-sea deep submersible pedigree, and have continuously achieved new breakthroughs and major new leaps in the development of deep-sea equipment technology.
The "Struggler" tells about the struggles of scientific researchers and demonstrates their determination to enter the deep sea.
Humans know very little about the interior of the earth.
The most direct and effective way to probe the internal structure and material composition of the earth is to drill a well.
On April 13, 2014, the 10,000-meter drilling rig "Crust 1" independently developed by my country carried out drilling operations at the Songke No. 2 Well in Songliao Basin; on June 2, 2018, "Crust 1" completed drilling The 7,018-meter-deep achievement has set a new record for continental scientific drilling in Asian countries. China has become the third country in the world to have special equipment and related technologies for the implementation of the 10,000-meter continental drilling program after Russia and Germany.
The cores obtained by the 10,000-meter drilling rig of "Crusting No. 1" provide rare data for Chinese scientists to establish the earth evolution archives, and also provide important data support for the development of Daqing Oilfield in the next 50 years and my country's energy security.
Supercomputers: faster and stronger
High-performance supercomputers are an important "commanding heights" for the developed countries in the world.
Here is an example - Sunway Taihu Light.
On December 31, 2015, the development of the "Sunway TaihuLight" supercomputer was completed; in 2016, it won a number of international awards, allowing the world to experience "China's speed".
"The computing power of 1 minute is about more than 7 billion people around the world using calculators to calculate continuously for 32 years at the same time." In the words of relevant experts, with the "Shenwei TaihuLight" supercomputer and "Shenwei 26010" processing The emergence of landmark achievements such as computer technology has broken the long-standing situation that domestic supercomputer platforms have no "core" available, and has laid a safe, independent and controllable domestic platform technology foundation.
Using the supercomputer's super computing power of 1 billion times per second, a series of domestic application software in the fields of climate simulation, earthquake simulation, industrial simulation, biomedicine and other fields have been developed to help my country's basic research and engineering innovation.
The combination of domestic supercomputer hardware and software can solve a series of difficult problems.
Satellite Navigation: Beidou Comes to You and Me
On June 23, 2020, the deployment of the Beidou-3 global satellite navigation system constellation was fully completed.
This global satellite navigation system independently constructed and operated by my country has begun to provide global users with all-weather, all-day, high-precision positioning, navigation and timing services.
Beidou is not far, Beidou is by your side.
In the field of agriculture, there are 45 agricultural machinery enterprises that use Beidou terminals as standard configuration, and more than 100,000 agricultural machinery automatic driving systems have been installed; 380,000 units/set; in the emergency field, more than 15,000 Beidou vehicle-mounted terminals are used in fire rescue vehicles, and more than 1,000 Beidou handheld terminals are used in fire rescue; in the banking and insurance field, the financial system has eliminated other timing methods in the past, realizing With 100% coverage of Beidou timing, there are more than 340 sets of Beidou timing equipment, and more than 550 cash transport vehicles and escort vehicles are used in Beidou terminals.
Experts say that the application of Beidou is only limited by imagination.
Quantum Information: From Theory to Reality
Entering the microscopic world of particles, everything seems to become "illogical".
In fact, experiments that once existed only in theory are starting to become reality.
Thanks to the efforts of scientific researchers, my country's quantum technology is at the forefront of the world.
The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded to scientists in the field of quantum technology. In the official introduction of the Nobel Prize, the achievements and contributions of the Chinese scientific research team are widely cited, and the "Mozi" appears.
"Mozi" is the world's first quantum science experimental satellite independently developed by my country and launched in 2016.
On June 15, 2020, Chinese scientists used the "Micius" to realize the first thousand-kilometer-scale entanglement-based quantum key distribution in the world.
The experimental results have increased the spatial distance of the previous ground-based non-relay quantum secure communication by an order of magnitude, and also ensured through physical principles that secure quantum communication can still be achieved even in extreme situations where the satellite is controlled by others, making quantum communication a reality. The application has laid an important foundation.
In December 2020, my country successfully built a quantum computing prototype "Nine Chapters" with 76 photons.
Nearly 40 years after the concept of quantum computing was proposed, "Nine Chapters" has rigorously proved the acceleration capability of quantum computing in experiments, turning the dream into a reality.
In May 2021, my country's first steerable superconducting quantum computer system "Zu Chongzhi" came out.
This achievement will lay a technical foundation for promoting China's realization of quantum superiority in superconducting quantum systems, and also provide support for the follow-up research and development of general quantum computing with great practical value.
Nuclear power technology: independent innovation, leapfrog development
On January 30, 2021, the world's first "Hualong No. 1" nuclear power unit, Fuqing Nuclear Power Unit 5, was put into commercial operation.
On March 25, 2022, the second unit of the "Hualong No. 1" demonstration project - Fuqing Nuclear Power Unit 6 was officially qualified for commercial operation.
So far, my country's independent third-generation nuclear power "Hualong No. 1" demonstration project has been fully completed and put into operation.
This is a major achievement in my country's nuclear power development in the new era, marking that my country's nuclear power technology level and comprehensive strength ranks first in the world, and it strongly supports my country's leap from a nuclear power country to a nuclear power power.
Hualong No. 1 has complete independent intellectual property rights and meets the requirements of "going out" of nuclear power.
At the same time, as the "national business card" for China's high-end manufacturing industry to go global, Hualong No. 1 drives thousands of enterprises in the upstream and downstream industry chains, bringing huge economic benefits and opportunities for transformation and upgrading to my country's high-end equipment manufacturing industry.
On December 20, 2021, in Rongcheng, Shandong, the No. 1 reactor of the Huaneng Shidaowan High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor Nuclear Power Plant Demonstration Project completed the initial load operation test evaluation of the generator, successfully connected to the grid and generated the first kilowatt-hour of electricity.
This marks the world's first pebble bed modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor with the characteristics of the fourth-generation advanced nuclear energy system to achieve a leap from "laboratory" to "engineering application".
The high temperature gas-cooled reactor is called "fool's heap", and its biggest feature is its inherent safety.
Even if a serious accident occurs, without human and machine intervention, the core reactor core of a nuclear power plant will not be melted down, radioactive substances will not be leaked in large quantities, and serious nuclear accidents will not occur.
On the basis of inherent safety, the high temperature gas-cooled reactor also has the characteristics of high temperature, strong environmental adaptability, and flexible combination of multiple modules.
Huaneng Shidaowan High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor Nuclear Power Station generates 1.4 billion kWh of electricity annually, which can provide 2 million residents with electricity for one year.
Not only that, the nuclear power plant is expected to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 900,000 tons per year, contributing green power to China's ecological construction.
Large aircraft manufacturing: C919 has been very popular lately
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When it comes to large aircraft, the C919 must be mentioned.
What the C919 carries is the Chinese dream of a large aircraft.
At 2 pm on May 5, 2017, C919 was unveiled at Shanghai Pudong International Airport and took off.
After 1 hour and 20 minutes of flight, the C919 large passenger plane landed smoothly, and its maiden flight was a complete success.
The C919 large passenger aircraft is a large jet civil aircraft developed by my country in accordance with international civil aviation regulations and with independent intellectual property rights. It has 158-168 seats and a range of 4,075-5,555 kilometers. It is completely designed and produced in accordance with international airworthiness standards, and its safety is fully guaranteed. .
Recently, the domestic large aircraft C919 has appeared in many airports across the country:
On July 8, C919 conducted functional and reliability test missions at Guilin Airport and Beihai Airport; on July 12, C919 made its maiden flight to Beijing Daxing International Airport; …
China's civil aviation has opened a new era.
Biomedicine: urgently needed by the people
In the field of biomedicine, technological innovation has created a shield to protect people's life and health.
In the face of major epidemics, the scientific and technological front responded quickly and faced difficulties.
At the beginning of 2020, monitoring and identification of unknown pathogens, locking of isolated strains, and splicing sequences... Chinese scientists identified the sudden new coronavirus pathogen in only one week.
In the process of new crown vaccine research and development, relying on the technical reserves of my country's vaccine research and development team, five different vaccine research and development routes, including inactivated vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, and vector vaccines, were carried out in parallel. vaccine production capacity.
In the front line of clinical treatment, in March 2021, the traditional Chinese medicine "Sanfang" Qingfei Paidu Granules, Huashi Baidu Granules and Xuanfei Baidu Granules, which played an important role in the fight against the new coronary pneumonia epidemic, were approved for marketing; in December 2021, my country The first anti-new coronavirus drug, the combination therapy of the new crown monoclonal neutralizing antibody ambavirumab and romisevirumab, was approved for marketing; in July 2022, the first domestic oral small molecule new coronavirus pneumonia treatment drug Aziz Fudine was approved for listing... (Source: Science and Technology Daily)