It has almost been three decades since the great Bosnian war and Sunday's election is the ninth to be held in the compromise-filled state formation that took shape through the 1995 peace agreement.
Bosniaks will elect three presidents to the country's rotating presidency – a Bosniak, a Bosnian Serb and a Bosnian Croat – as well as a joint parliament.
Elections are also held in the country's two self-governing entities: the Bosnian Federation and the Republika Srpska.
During the election campaign, Bosnian Serb President Milorad Dodik raised the tone for a separation.
At the same time, discontent among Bosnian Croats has almost led to the cancellation of the election.