Beijing--
The "treasure house of plants" is becoming more and more abundant
Our reporter Kou Jiangze
In the golden autumn of Beijing, the sky is high and airy.
In the National Botanical Garden, hundreds of species of flowers compete with each other, and more than 100 species of colorful leaf plants dance in the wind. The flowers are bright and colorful.
Tourists praised one after another: "National Botanical Garden, it's so beautiful!"
In April this year, on the basis of integrating the relevant resources of the Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (South Garden) and the Beijing Botanical Garden (North Garden), the National Botanical Garden was officially unveiled, with a total planned area of nearly 600 hectares.
Here, diverse landforms such as mountains, terraces and floodplains provide good habitats for plant diversity.
This "plant treasure house" is becoming more and more abundant in species, and the scenery is more and more charming.
The variety of plants is rich, and the four seasons are constantly on display
Walking into the South Garden of the National Botanical Garden, the first thing that catches your eye are the magnolias, followed by the roses, and then in turn, the fungus, the synaptic flowers and other plants.
"This season, the characteristic flowering plant in the South Garden is the water lily. The water lily is a perennial aquatic herb with rich colors, fragrant fragrance and graceful posture. It is known as the 'water goddess'." Lin Qinwen, a senior engineer at the National Botanical Garden and the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, introduced that the water lily It is an important horticultural ornamental plant and an important basal group of angiosperms. It has a unique position in evolution and is an important species for studying the origin and evolution of angiosperms.
Fruitful.
The fruits of many woody plants in the National Arboretum gradually mature and change color.
Hawthorn plants and cotoneasters of the Rosaceae family, four-flowered flowers and dogwoods of the Dogwood family, Zhe trees and orange mulberries of the Moraceae family, all have high ornamental value.
"For tourists to visit, we mainly recommend the aquatic and liana area around the pool, from the gymnosperm area to the Rosaceae area. Along the way, you can see aquatic plants such as king lotus and water lily, as well as a variety of fruit plants." Lin Qinwen Said, tourists can also go to the South Park exhibition greenhouse to watch tropical and subtropical plants.
In the North Garden of the National Botanical Garden, the "bitter flower" displayed in the greenhouse attracts many tourists.
"'Bitter flower' is a joking name for Gesneriaceae," said Chen Yu, chief of the Publicity Section of the North Garden of the National Botanical Garden. There are many kinds of Gesneriaceae plants such as sagebrush, Viola, and long tube flowers on display here.
my country is rich in Gesneria resources, which is an important distribution center of this family of plants.
In the National Botanical Garden, the four seasons are constantly on display.
In spring, there are the Peach Blossom Festival and the World Famous Flower Exhibition, in summer there are lotus exhibitions and flower exhibitions, in autumn there are chrysanthemum exhibitions, and in winter there are orchid exhibitions and plum blossom exhibitions.
In July this year, the giant konjac cultivated in the National Botanical Garden achieved the first mass bloom in the world, attracting more than 300 million people on the Internet.
"In addition to exotic flowers and plants, there are many cultural landscapes in the National Botanical Garden, such as the Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall, the Temple of the Reclining Buddha, etc. At present, the average annual number of tourists is 4 million." Chen Yu said.
Strong scientific research strength, expanding social service functions
How are National Botanical Gardens different from regular botanical gardens?
"The National Botanical Garden was established with the approval of the State Council. Its core functions are plant scientific research, introduction and domestication, and ex situ protection. The strong scientific research strength is the strong support of the National Botanical Garden." said Sun Guofeng, executive director of the South Garden of the National Botanical Garden and senior engineer of the Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
"The National Botanical Garden represents the highest level of protection, research and utilization of plant diversity in a country, and is also an important symbol of a country's economic and social development level," said He Ran, executive director of the North Garden of the National Botanical Garden.
The rich collection of species is a major feature of the National Arboretum.
At present, the National Botanical Garden has protected more than 15,000 species of plants in situ, including nearly 1,000 species of rare and endangered plants such as metasequoia and dove tree ex situ protection, including more than 300 species of my country's key protected wild plants included in the "List of National Key Protected Wild Plants" There are nearly 40 kinds of national first-class key protected wild plants, such as hopetian tree, rhododendron red camellia, and Debao cycad.
While carrying out ex situ conservation and scientific research of plants, the National Botanical Garden is striving to expand its social service functions.
"It is the responsibility and mission of the National Botanical Garden to provide high-level plant science education, technical training and healthy recreation services for the society, so that all people can love and share the beauty of nature, and guide everyone to care for plants, care for the ecology, and protect the environment." Ran said.
Sun Guofeng introduced that the National Botanical Garden has carried out a series of research and application demonstrations in the field of resource plant germplasm discovery, germplasm innovation, and germplasm application. .
Build a plant germplasm resource bank to ensure the safety of national plant resources
The National Botanical Garden will be the benchmark for the world's top botanical gardens, and plans to collect more than 30,000 species of native plants in the Three North Regions, representative plants in the northern temperate zone, representative plants in different geographic regions around the world, and rare and endangered plants.
At the same time, build a plant germplasm resource bank to provide guarantee for the safety of national plant resources.
"In addition to the rich scientific connotations, the National Botanical Garden will also pursue the appearance of an artistic garden, making the park a beautiful garden that can be enjoyed in spring, summer, autumn and winter," said Sun Guofeng.
At present, there are nearly 200 botanical gardens in my country, initially forming an ex situ conservation network for plants.
"Although there are a lot of botanical gardens, the level of development is uneven." He Ran suggested that from the perspective of facilitating the stability of ex situ protection of plants and the balanced and sustainable development of botanical gardens across the country, the next step is to plan the spatial layout scientifically and rationally, comprehensively Taking into account factors such as my country's climatic zones, typical vegetation zoning characteristics, and biodiversity hotspots, we will steadily build a national botanical garden system, adhere to respect for nature, put conservation first, and share benefits, and strive to create a good atmosphere for biodiversity conservation.
The relevant person in charge of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration said that it will adhere to the basic principles of overall planning, scientific layout, protection priority, and step-by-step implementation, and comprehensively consider natural conditions such as major national strategies, major climatic zones and important vegetation types, as well as the development of existing botanical gardens. According to the principle of "one mature, one established", we will steadily promote the construction of a national botanical garden system with Chinese characteristics, world-class, and harmony of all things.
Guangzhou--
The characteristics of "Southern Emerald" are becoming more and more distinct
Our reporter Jiang Xiaodan
During the golden autumn season, the South China National Botanical Garden in the center of Guangzhou, Guangdong welcomes many tourists.
The South China National Botanical Garden, formerly known as the National Sun Yat-Sen University Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Botany established in 1929, is one of the oldest botanical research and protection institutions in China, and is known as the "emerald of southern China".
On July 11 this year, the South China National Botanical Garden was officially unveiled, becoming the second national botanical garden approved by the State Council after the Beijing National Botanical Garden.
Integrate Lingnan culture and reflect national characteristics
Walking into the South China National Botanical Garden, the scenery is changed every step of the way, the eyes are dizzying, and the endless green comes into view.
Longdong Qilin is one of the most representative scenic spots in the South China National Botanical Garden.
Standing on the water pavilion platform, you can see the blue sky, green trees and red fish, and the color matching is natural and harmonious.
Coupled with the sound of birdsong not far away, it makes people intoxicated.
"The feature of this scenic spot is the integration of architecture and plant landscape." Wu Xing, deputy director of the Horticultural Center of the South China National Botanical Garden, said that Longdong Qilin consists of two peninsulas, a palm garden and a relict plant area, and a lake in the middle.
Palm peninsulas are planted with evergreen palms from the tropics, which are evergreen all year round.
On the other hand, the deciduous fir and water pine planted in the relict plant area show very obvious changes in the four seasons.
Relict plants are "living fossils" for understanding the process of life, and they have witnessed the history of the evolution of life on earth.
The South China National Botanical Garden has continuously strengthened the protection, research and utilization of relict plants, and more than 20 species have been preserved.
Among them, cedar is an ancient relict plant. Its growth rhythm is slow and can live for more than a thousand years. They survived after the crustal movement and the glacial period. They are veritable "longevity stars" in the plant world.
The planned total area of the South China National Botanical Garden is 319 hectares.
In the process of displaying the planning, construction and development of the park, the park established the concept of "scientific connotation, artistic appearance, and cultural heritage", and clarified the Lingnan garden construction goal of "beautiful mountains and rivers, fragrant birds and flowers, and twists and turns". The basic pattern of natural gardens represented by it has developed the characteristics of new Lingnan gardens represented by pineapple gardens and orchid gardens.
"In the future, the South China National Botanical Garden will further improve its landscape." Ren Hai, director of the South China Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that there is a profound cultural value behind the plants. It is necessary to fully integrate the Lingnan culture, international knowledge, and local plant characteristics. , the combination of local cultural characteristics, fully reflect the national characteristics.
Create a high-quality platform for ecological environment science education
During the holidays, many tourists wander in the South China National Botanical Garden, and "learning knowledge" is an important reason for them to come here.
The Greenhouse Group Scenic Area is like kapok floating on the water, quiet and open, waiting for tourists to explore.
The tropical rain forest room, desert plant room, alpine plant room, and exotic plant room echo the outdoor tree and grass landscape and are integrated.
From tropical rain forests to alpine plants, from exotic flowers to desert plant landscapes, rare plants from all over the world are collected here, forming the largest plant landscape greenhouse group in Asia.
In the rainforest greenhouse, visitors can see many interesting plants and strange phenomena.
The world's most poisonous tree "see the blood seal the throat tree", the king lotus that can bear 30 kilograms, the garlic-flavored garlic vine, and the "hollow tree"... From time to time, tourists will exclaim after learning about the characteristics of these plants. .
"Playing the function of natural science popularization is a core role of the National Botanical Garden." Yang Zhongyi, a professor and doctoral supervisor in the School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, believes that this is a high-quality platform for natural science popularization and environmental education, which can provide young people with a city to contact and understand the big natural environment.
In order to enhance the ability of plant science education, the South China National Botanical Garden will build an experimental platform for ex situ conservation and utilization of plant diversity, build a nature education hall, build a new smart botanical garden, improve education courses with botanical garden characteristics, and renovate the popular science venues and identification system to make the The number of tourists rose to more than 3 million from more than 1.6 million last year.
Promoting the construction of a "global botanical park" around citizens
Whether it is viewing the scenery or popular science education, protection is the foundation.
The South China National Botanical Garden will focus on the ex situ conservation of plant resources in South China and the global tropical and subtropical regions, build a national ex situ conservation center and germplasm resource bank for rare and endangered plants, improve the ability and efficiency of ex situ conservation of plants, and achieve conservation of 20,000 species. Among them, there are about 6,000 species of economic plants, and 95% of the species of rare and endangered plants in South China have been conserved ex situ.
"Guangzhou was chosen to build the National Botanical Garden because it is the most representative core distribution area of monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in my country, with beautiful scenery and pleasant climate, which provides favorable conditions for plant growth." Ren Hai said, on the other hand , Guangzhou is also one of the most threatened land areas for biodiversity.
Protecting the biodiversity of this region is both necessary and urgent.
In the future, the South China National Botanical Garden will continue to participate in the global and Chinese plant diversity conservation action plans, targeting the dominant plants and endemic plants of tropical and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests to provide source plant resources for ecological protection and green development.
At the same time, it will also build a world-class special garden and a special plant display area that reflects the cultural characteristics of Lingnan gardens.
"In the future construction of the South China National Botanical Garden, the botanical garden will not only be a garden." Wu Min, deputy director of the Guangzhou Forestry and Landscape Bureau, said that the newly introduced plants in the South China National Botanical Garden will be "backed up" to the ex situ conservation in Guangzhou. During the work, we carry out research on plant protection in the field; implement the idea of ex situ protection of plants into the construction of urban public green spaces and parks; plant characteristic plants and native plants in community gardens and pocket parks around citizens to increase plant diversity, Strengthen the popularization of plant knowledge, and promote the establishment of a "global botanical park" around citizens.