In the past 22 years, grain output in Northeast China has nearly doubled
The "Report on the Protection and Utilization of Black Land in Northeast China (2021)" was released, and the grain output in Northeast China from 2000 to 2021 accounted for 25.36% of the country's total output
On September 29, the Chinese Academy of Sciences held a press conference in Beijing to release the phased results of the "Black Soil Granary" scientific and technological battle and the "Report on the Protection and Utilization of Black Soil in Northeast China (2021)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report").
The "Report" shows that the climate warming trend is obvious in the black soil region of Northeast China. The increase in temperature has extended the potential growing season of crops, and the boundary of suitable planting areas has moved northward.
From 2000 to 2021, grain output in Northeast China has nearly tripled.
Black soil is a precious soil resource on the earth. It refers to the soil with black or dark black humus surface. It is a high-quality land with good properties, high fertility and suitable for farming.
Black land is my country's "giant panda in arable land" and the "ballast stone" of my country's food security, but it also faces the problem of "thinning, thinning, and hardening".
In March 2021, the Chinese Academy of Sciences launched the "Black Soil Granary" scientific and technological battle, summed up the main achievements of the scientific and technological battle, and compiled an annual report on the protection and utilization of black soil in Northeast China.
The 2021 annual report focuses on introducing the natural ecological background of black soil in Northeast China, analyzing changes in the level of development and utilization of black soil and its supporting capacity, introducing the physical and chemical properties and degradation characteristics of black soil soil, and summarizing the main progress of the "Black Soil Granary" scientific and technological battle of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The boundary of the suitable crop planting area in the black soil region of northeast China has moved northward
Liao Xiaoyong, a researcher at the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said when introducing the "Report" that the black soil region in the northeast presents a central plain and a basin-like terrain surrounded by mountains on three sides.
In the black soil region of Northeast China, the rain and heat are in the same season and the precipitation is concentrated. In addition, the black soil surface is soft, and the cultivated land with a slope greater than 0.5° has the risk of soil hydraulic erosion, and the greater the slope, the higher the risk of erosion.
The black soil area in Northeast China has superior ecological conditions and abundant forest, grassland and wetland resources, which are not only the material basis for the formation and evolution of black soil, but also the background conditions for the sustainable utilization of black soil.
Long-term meteorological observation data show that the climate warming trend in the black soil region of Northeast China is obvious. The average temperature growth rate in the past 60 years is 0.31℃/10 years, and the accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ has increased from 2830℃ in the 1960s to 3250℃ now.
The amount of precipitation increased slightly, but the uneven distribution of precipitation in space and time intensified, and the risk of drought and flood disasters increased.
The increase in temperature has extended the potential growing season of crops, and the boundary of the suitable planting area has moved northward. The positioning observation data show that the average extension rate of the potential growing season of crops in the past 60 years is 1.7 days/10 years, and the northern boundary of the suitable corn planting area has moved northward by 156,000. Meter.
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The development and utilization of black land and grain output have attracted much attention.
According to the analysis of the "Report", since the large-scale immigration and large-scale land reclamation in the early 20th century, the intensity of agricultural development and utilization in the black soil area of Northeast China has continued to rise.
The sown area of crops in the black soil region of Northeast China continued to expand, and a "grain-led" agricultural planting pattern was formed.
By 2020, the sown area of grain crops in Northeast China will be 28.655 million hectares, accounting for 93.3% of the sown area of crops, and the sown area of corn, soybean and rice will account for 98.9% of the sown area of grain crops.
The input of agricultural factors in the black soil region of Northeast China has entered a period of structural adjustment.
Since 2015, the application of chemical fertilizers has continued to decline, and the application of pesticides has dropped below the international warning line.
The level of agricultural mechanization continued to improve, and the level of land transfer and large-scale operation continued to improve.
The capacity of grain output and supply has been continuously enhanced.
From 2000 to 2021, the grain output in Northeast China has nearly doubled, the proportion of grain output in the country's total grain output has risen from 12.74% to 25.36%, and the increase in grain production accounts for 50.71% of the increase in national grain output, that is, half of the country's grain output. The increase in production came from the Northeast.
At the same time, the external supply capacity of grain has been continuously improved. Calculated based on the per capita grain demand of 400 kilograms, the regional surplus of grain will reach 129 million tons (258 billion catties) in 2020, and the output of commercial grain will account for 1/3 of the country's total commercial grain.
The Chinese Academy of Sciences launched the "Black Soil Granary" scientific and technological battle, and jointly carried out scientific and technological research and demonstration and promotion of key technologies in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia. 22 main technologies have been formed, and the cumulative demonstration and promotion area in 2021 will reach 77 million mu.
The battle initially constructed the "Pear Tree Model 2.0" and "Longjiang Model" and other black land protection and utilization model models.
The "Pear Tree Model" has been promoted and applied in Jilin Province with an area of 28 million mu; the "Longjiang Model" and "Sanjiang Model" have been incorporated into the national black land protection project implementation plan, and 16.2 million mu and 19.1 million mu have been promoted and applied in Heilongjiang Province respectively. Technology has served 75 million mu of black soil arable land.
Beijing News reporter Zhang Lu