The rising trend of global average temperature is difficult to reverse, and it is necessary to use both "soft and hard" technology to deal with extreme weather

　　Global average temperature rise is difficult to reverse

　　To deal with extreme weather, it is necessary to use both "soft and hard" technology

　　◎Reporter He Liang and Fu Lili

　　It is very important to scientifically adapt to the normalization of "meteorological drought".

The dryland agricultural area in northern my country produces 58% of the country's grain and more than 75% of beef and mutton, and also covers more than 70% of the ecologically fragile areas, and its status is very important.

Strengthening scientific and technological innovation to promote the development of dryland agriculture is of great significance to ensuring national food security and ecological security.

　　"In the summer of 2022, my country's overall climate will be high in temperature and low in rainfall. The national average temperature will be the highest since 1961 in the same period in history, and the national average precipitation will be the second lowest in the same period in history. However, there are obvious spatial differences in precipitation, and the main rainy areas are in northern my country."9 In the first ten days of this month, the National Climate Center released a report on my country's climate review this summer. The core conclusion is that high temperature and drought are coming strongly, and extreme events are frequently occurring.

　　In the face of strong and frequent extreme weather events, how to actively adapt to climate change and reduce the adverse impact of climate change on economic and social development?

How should the power of science and technology play a role in it?

　　Two strategies are indispensable

　　This year's severe drought in the entire Yangtze River Basin is similar to the severe drought in Sichuan and Chongqing in 2006. Both are caused by abnormal atmospheric circulation and dry water in the main flood season in the Yangtze River Basin.

Thanks to the important role of water conservancy projects in alleviating drought conditions and ensuring the safety of water for production and living in the region, the risk of drought conditions is still generally controllable.

　　"By the middle of this century, the global average temperature increase is still an irreversible trend. It becomes particularly important to take adjustment measures and actively adapt to climate change by strengthening the risk identification and management of natural ecosystems and economic and social systems." National Climate Lu Bo, director of the Center's Climate Change Impact Adaptation Office, said in an interview with a reporter from Science and Technology Daily that taking effective adaptation actions will effectively reduce the adverse effects of climate change faced by countries and regions.

　　In June of this year, 17 departments including the Ministry of Ecology and Environment jointly issued the National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change 2035 to make overall plans and deployments for adaptation to climate change from the present to 2035, clarifying that "mitigation and adaptation are the two major strategies for addressing climate change, and the second is They complement each other and cannot be without one.”

　　In Lu Bo's view, in the face of the severe drought this summer, strengthening the construction of water source projects, vigorously promoting dry farming technology, and improving the technological content of drought relief work are the "hard" means to deal with extreme drought.

The implementation of the drought-relief plan system, the establishment of a drought-relief information system and a drought-relief material reserve system, and the improvement of emergency response capabilities to drought disasters are to enhance the "soft" power to deal with extreme droughts.

　　Lu Bo believes that it is very important to scientifically adapt to the normalization of "meteorological drought".

The dryland agricultural area in northern my country produces 58% of the country's grain and more than 75% of beef and mutton, and also covers more than 70% of the ecologically fragile areas, and its status is very important.

Strengthening scientific and technological innovation to promote the development of dryland agriculture is of great significance to ensuring national food security and ecological security.

　　The latest research shows that, affected by climate change, the cultivation of main crops in the northern drylands has expanded westward and moved northward by 1-2 latitudes and longitudes.

At the same time, due to the interaction of crop planting and growth period changes with reduced precipitation and frequent droughts, the precipitation satisfaction rate of crops decreased by more than 5%.

　　"Establishing a disaster reduction work system that can adapt to changes in drought, improving the drought disaster monitoring, early warning and response mechanism, promoting planting techniques such as drought resistance and water adaptation, and strengthening the training of agricultural production disaster prevention and reduction techniques can effectively reduce the impact of extreme weather and climate events such as drought. negative impact on agricultural production." Lu Bo said.

　　Looking forward to original breakthroughs

　　The arrival of high temperature and drought reflects the extreme importance of accelerating the construction of water conservancy infrastructure, especially the construction of multi-level water network engineering systems.

　　Yan Denghua, deputy director of the Water Resources Institute of the China Academy of Water Resources and Hydropower Sciences, said that extreme weather and hydrological events exceeding historical expectations and standards have posed great challenges to meteorological and hydrological forecasting.

In the national science and technology special projects of the "13th Five-Year Plan" and "14th Five-Year Plan", related research and development tasks have been successively deployed for medium and long-term forecasting of weather and climate, especially the forecasting and forecasting of extreme meteorological events, and some results have been preliminarily applied. into the business work and achieved good results.

　　Yan Denghua believes that accurate prediction and forecasting of extreme weather and hydrological events requires scientific researchers in related fields to innovate in principle, analyze the causes and mechanisms of extreme weather and hydrological events in a refined manner, and improve the accuracy of forecasting and forecasting technologies. Existing patterns are "tinkered" with refinements.

　　"Currently, the new generation of information technology coupled with increasingly powerful data processing capabilities not only expands the monitoring type from focusing on 'visible' water to 'invisible' water, but also promotes more and more monitoring and early warning of water resources. Refinement. Water conservancy scientific research also requires principle innovation and business application." Yan Denghua said.

　　In response to large-scale, long-duration drought response, it involves the joint dispatch of complex water conservancy project groups across regions and basins.

"First of all, water must be adjustable, and we must focus on strengthening the construction of backup water sources. Secondly, there is a feasible way. We must establish a water network project where multiple water sources are interconnected, interconnected and mutually backup, so as to improve the resilience of emergency regulation and supply." Yan Denghua Say.

　　At present, the Ministry of Water Resources is focusing on networking, supplementing the network, and strengthening the chain, accelerating the construction of multi-level water networks, promoting major water diversion, key water sources, construction and modernization of irrigation areas, and striving to improve the ability to optimize the allocation of water resources and cope with extreme situations. .

　　Yan Denghua suggested that, referring to the scientific research requirements of the national key R&D plan of "full chain design and integrated implementation", in the process of water network construction and scheduling, the advantages of the new generation of information technology should be fully utilized, and holographic and precise scene review should be carried out. and deductions, optimize the layout of water network projects, and comprehensively improve the ability of the water network to intelligently dispatch and respond to extreme events.