Environmental quality has been newly improved, management and protection efficiency has achieved a new leap
Guard the blue sea and blue sky
my country is a big maritime country with a continental coastline of 18,000 kilometers.
Marine ecological environmental protection is an important part of the construction of ecological civilization, an important component of the construction of a beautiful China, and an important foundation for the construction of a powerful marine country.
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that China attaches great importance to the construction of marine ecological civilization, strengthens the prevention and control of marine environmental pollution, protects marine biodiversity, realizes the orderly development and utilization of marine resources, and leaves a blue sea and blue sky for future generations.
Huang Runqiu, Minister of Ecology and Environment, said at a recent press conference that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the quality of my country's marine ecological environment has been newly improved.
In the past ten years, the proportion of water quality sections of rivers entering the sea under the national control of my country's marine ecological environment has increased by 25 percentage points, and the proportion of water quality sections with inferior V water quality has decreased by 24 percentage points; %.
The beautiful picture of clear water and clean beaches, flock of fish and gulls, and harmony in the sea of people is slowly unfolding.
Waterbirds fly in the Haihe River, the razor clams that disappeared are back
All 12 rivers entering the sea in Tianjin will be eliminated in four years
Ma Guisen, a staff member of the Hechang Office of Tianjin Binhai New Area, saw a scene that cheered him up during a river cruise this spring: a group of white whooper swans were playing on the water on the Ziya New River.
He had not seen such a sight for many years.
Swans are winter migratory birds. Every March and April, they fly in groups from south to north.
Being selected by swans as a place for foraging and resting proves the good ecology of the river.
Tianjin is located in the lowermost reaches of the Haihe River Basin, close to the bottom of the Bohai Bay. There are 12 rivers in the city that flow into the Bohai Sea, and the Ziyaxin River is one of them.
There are green trees, rippling blue waves, and flocks of water birds. In recent years, Ma Guisen can see new changes in Ziya New River every year when he patrols the river.
"The most intuitive thing is that there is more and more water, and the water quality is getting better and better." Ma Guisen said that in recent years, he often saw wild ducks, white cranes, gray cranes and other waterfowl in the river. To small crabs and clams, the number is also increasing.
The razor clam was originally the most common species in the mouth of the Bohai Sea, but in the 1980s and 1990s, it almost disappeared from the mouth of Tianjin.
This is mainly because razor clams have high water quality requirements, and the water quality in the coastal waters of the Bohai Sea has deteriorated, making razor razors unable to survive here.
A large part of the pollution sources in the coastal waters of the Bohai Sea come from rivers entering the sea.
Ma Guisen told reporters that in the past, there were many small factories on the banks of the river, and the sewage was discharged directly into the river if it did not meet the standard. Coupled with agricultural and domestic sewage, the water of many rivers entering the sea, such as the Ziya New River, became very dirty. Smelled a pungent smell.
The Bohai Sea is an important ecological security barrier in my country. The pollution of rivers entering the sea has a huge impact on the ecology of the Bohai Sea.
In 2017, all 12 rivers entering the Bohai Sea in Tianjin were classified as inferior V-class water bodies. The central ecological and environmental protection inspector directly pointed out the main problem: "the ecological flow of the river is seriously insufficient, with less running water and more sewage".
River and sea pollution has become a major pain point for Tianjin's ecological environment.
In 2018, Tianjin launched a tough battle for comprehensive management of the Bohai Sea, issued a plan for the renovation and restoration of the "Blue Bay", seized two key "gates" for rivers entering the sea and discharges into the sea, "one river and one policy" for 12 rivers entering the sea, and 1,035 A comprehensive investigation of sewage outfalls into the sea has begun to comprehensively control water pollution.
Wang Hongwei, director of the river and lake protection department of the Tianjin Water Affairs Bureau, introduced that in order to control the source and intercept pollution, Tianjin has built a total of 443 kilometers of sewage interception pipeline network in recent years, and operates 100 urban sewage treatment plants; through ecological water replenishment, wetland construction, and river maintenance Lake water ecology; at the same time, a total of 5,830 river and lake chiefs at the city, district, township (street) and village levels have been set up, and the responsibility for the management and protection of river and lake ecology has been assigned to people.
Through governance, the effect is remarkable.
In 2020, the proportion of excellent water bodies in Tianjin's national examination section will reach 55%, achieving the first "clearing" of water quality inferior to Class V.
By the end of 2021, the water quality of all 12 rivers entering the Bohai Sea will be eliminated and the water quality will be lower than Class V, and the overall water quality will reach the standard of Class IV.
531.87 hectares of coastal wetlands have been restored, and the proportion of excellent water quality in the coastal waters has reached 70.4%, an increase of 53.8 percentage points over 2017.
Water birds are flying in the Haihe River, the razor clams that have disappeared have returned, and the Lingang saline-alkali land has turned into an ecological wetland park... Liu Zhili, secretary of the Party Committee of Taiping Town, Binhai New Area, Tianjin, said that after living in Taiping for so many years, he saw that the water system in this town was once a year. The new year is alive, and the days are much more comfortable.
The sea water is getting clearer and the villagers eat "ecological meal"
Wanning Xiaohai has cleared more than 8,000 mu of aquaculture ponds in three years
Wanning City, Hainan Province, is located in the southeast of Hainan Island and faces the South China Sea to the east.
To the east of the city, there is a lagoon bay connected to the South China Sea, which the locals call "Little Sea".
Gangbei prawns, Hou'an mullets, and Hele crabs... These are the specialties of Xiaohai.
Xia Bo, secretary of the party branch of Zhoujiazhuang Village, Wancheng Town, Wanning City, told reporters that when the weather is fine, when you stand on the shore and look into the sea, the water is very clear, and you can see groups of small fish, shrimp, and crabs clearly.
There are also many people who come here to ride and catch the sea.
However, just a few years ago, Xiaohai had a different look.
"The river is blocked and the water is black. When you step into the water with bare feet, your skin will become red and itchy." According to Xia Bo's recollection, in the past, there were a large number of ponds around Xiaohai for aquaculture, and the north passage of Xiaohaigang was densely packed with tens of thousands of people The fish rafts and cages blocked the passage of seawater exchange between Xiaohai and the South China Sea.
Domestic sewage from surrounding villages and tail water from aquaculture flow directly into Xiaohai without treatment, resulting in serious deterioration of the water quality of Xiaohai. In 2015, the seawater quality of Xiaohai was as low as Class IV.
In order to manage the small sea, Wanning City began to "return the pond to the sea" in 2019, and Zhoujiazhuang Village became the first batch of villages and towns to return the pond.
At first, many villagers did not understand.
"Without the pond and no income, what to do with life?" Facing the villagers' questions, the village cadres went to work from house to house: "Many fish and shrimp have high requirements for water quality, and now the sea water can't come in, the amount of water is getting smaller, and the water quality is getting worse. It is inevitable that the output will be affected. Is it to sacrifice the environment for a meager income, or to return to the pond to make ecological benefits? Everyone is still unclear about this account?" Under the leadership of the village cadres, in the end, Zhoujiazhuang Village A total of 741 mu of ponds were withdrawn from 60 families.
After that, other villages began to withdraw their ponds one after another. As of now, Wanning City has cleared more than 8,000 mu of breeding ponds and more than 20,000 fishing rafts around Xiaohai.
"There are more fish in the small sea! Some fish that I haven't seen for many years have come back." This is the biggest feeling of Lin Jingfei, a villager in Zhoujiazhuang Village, after the pond was withdrawn.
Now, Lin Jingfei has switched from farming to fishing at sea. Last year, his income increased by tens of thousands of yuan.
The environment of Xiaohai has improved, and many villagers are still developing leisure fishing at their doorsteps, opening homestays and eating "ecological meals".
The retreat of the pond is only the first step. In order to further improve the environment of Xiaohai, Wanning City has implemented ecological improvement projects such as mangrove planting around Xiaohai.
In December 2020, Wanning City built a 600-mu mangrove demonstration section in Zhoujiazhuang Village. After that, the planting area was gradually expanded.
As of the first half of this year, Wanning City has planted about 2,700 mu of mangroves in Xiaohai.
Xia Bo said: "After the implementation of the Xiaohai mangrove planting project, the sea water has become clear. This year's Arbor Day, our village also organized a coconut tree planting activity. Party members and cadres took the lead in claiming and managing, and timely tracked the later maintenance, which improved the survival rate. Before and after treatment The people see the changes, and the awareness of ecological protection has been gradually enhanced in a subtle way."
Through other related ecological restoration measures such as returning ponds to the sea, planting mangroves and domestic sewage treatment, the water quality of Xiaohai has improved year by year.
According to the routine supervision and measurement results of the Provincial Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, the water quality of Wanning Xiaohai in spring is Class I.
Rare birds are "regular visitors" here, and high-quality aquatic seedlings are cultivated here
Zhangjiangkou mangroves are getting closer to the "golden ratio"
Looking down from the air, the Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve in Yunxiao County, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province, is "the sky is bright, the sky is blue, the sea gulls are flocking, and the lush greenery".
Mangroves are known as "coast guards" and "green lungs of the ocean", and play an important role in coastal ecological protection.
Over the past ten years, the reserve has continued to protect and cultivate mangroves, guarding the blue sea and blue sky.
"Look, these pictures were just taken by one of our cadres. These rare birds are now 'regular visitors' here." Wang Qiuyang, director of the Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve Administration, clicked on his mobile phone to introduce, " Birds are very spiritual, and they come here often, which shows from one side that the marine ecological environment in this sea area is continuing to improve."
Behind the improvement of the environment is the hard work of many staff.
Lin Weishan is the head of the resource protection department of the reserve. Every morning when he goes to work, he turns on the big monitor screen to check the real-time growth of mangroves in the reserve over and over again. Once any abnormality is found, he will immediately fly a drone to investigate or assign work. personnel rushed to the scene.
"The focus of monitoring and patrolling is to prevent the damage to mangroves caused by pests and diseases and human interference." Lin Weishan said, "At present, the protected area has established joint patrols at sea, management and protection of land areas, aerial drones, and video surveillance to focus on prevention and control. A combined all-round three-dimensional management and protection system.”
White bone soil is one of the five major varieties of mangroves in Zhangjiangkou, and it is named after the grayish-white bark.
It has a very developed root system and is very resistant to water and salt. It grows in the place closest to the sea water, and plays a forward role in windbreak and sand fixation, and in consolidating the water and soil near the coastline.
However, because the fruit is rich in protein, it is especially favored by various pests and diseases. For this reason, protecting the white bone soil has once become an important task of the reserve.
"Before the outbreak of pests and diseases from June to October every year, we must deploy in advance, increase the frequency of patrols, and take timely measures once pests and diseases are found." Lin Weishan said that the reserve has been working closely with the Fujian Academy of Forestry for many years to actively carry out Research on pest control.
Through careful protection, in the past ten years, the total area of Zhangjiangkou mangroves has increased by nearly 1,500 mu.
However, the proportion of mangroves distributed in the sea is not as high as possible.
After years of research, Huang Guanmin, a senior engineer at the reserve, found that in order to maximize the function of mangroves as "green lungs of the ocean", the ratio of waters, tidal flats and mangroves should preferably be 3:3:4 or 4:4:3.
How to maintain this scientific ratio?
The answer is scientific planning and control.
"For example, the growth of mangroves is too lush, which will block the tidal ditch and weaken the purification function of seawater. We must do some appropriate human intervention." Huang Guanmin said that at present, the distribution of mangroves in the sea area of Zhangjiang Estuary accounts for about one-sixth First, it is making steady progress towards the goal of the "golden ratio", and the ecological effect is also becoming increasingly apparent.
The water quality has changed from the inferior class IV ten years ago to the current "national control" index which is stable at class III.
Of course, in order to give full play to the effect of mangroves, it is not enough to rely on the reserve alone.
To this end, Yunxiao County has established an inspection team composed of the County Public Security Bureau, the Haiphong Brigade and other relevant departments to strengthen the inspection and law enforcement of illegal and illegal use of the sea.
At the same time, the centralized collection and treatment of domestic garbage in villages around the reserve and the cleanup of floating garbage in the reserve will be included in the city's overall planning.
Clear waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.
Wang Qiuyang was delighted to see that in the past ten years, the price of a batch of seafood and fish produced around the mangroves has nearly doubled compared to other areas.
Due to the improvement of the environment, Dongxia Town, Yunxiao County, where the mangroves are located, has spontaneously gathered a group of high-quality aquatic resource seed cultivation companies.
Our reporter Wang Yajing