The reporters of arrested protesters come from a total of 32 cities, from Saint Petersburg in the west to Siberia in the east.
This is according to the Russian independent human rights organization OVD-info, which monitors the demonstrations.
- I see it as my duty to express my opinions.
People don't think there are many of us, but there are, a protester named Anton told Czech television in Moscow.
According to the organization, most of those arrested, over 300, are in the capital.
Pictures from Moscow show how people are forcibly dragged away by police in riot gear.
Another clip that has been widely circulated on social media shows a wheelchair-bound woman with an amputated leg holding up a sign with the words "Do you want to be like me?", whereupon she is surrounded by police who tear the sign from her hands.
Risking prison
Also earlier this week, large demonstrations broke out in Russia as a result of the mobilization.
On Wednesday, the same day Putin's order was issued, over 1,000 protesters were arrested, according to OVD-info.
As the protests took shape, Moscow's prosecutor's office issued a warning that organizing - or participating in - protests could lead to up to 15 years in prison, AP reports.
Several major news agencies are also reporting that people who demonstrated themselves should have received summonses while in police custody.
See images from the Russian police interventions against the protesters in the clip above.