The most powerful system, the most intensive regulation, the strictest law enforcement
The strictest and strongest rule of law guarantees my country to create a miracle of ecological and green development
core reading
The number of existing laws in the field of ecological environment has reached more than 30, and a comprehensive, practical and effective, strict and strict socialist ecological and environmental protection legal system with Chinese characteristics has been initially formed.
□ Our reporter Zhang Wei
The dazzling and dreamy star trails of the Milky Way are a beauty that photography enthusiasts cannot refuse.
However, shooting star trails is not easy.
In addition to professional equipment and specific time and place, its requirements for weather conditions are even more "harsh".
Many strategies have repeatedly emphasized a sentence: "It must be a very transparent, cloudless good day."
Recently, Huang Runqiu, Minister of Ecology and Environment, publicly posted a star trail map in the night sky with the Meridian Gate of the Forbidden City as the background. A true portrayal of Beijing's air quality improvement over the years".
The air quality in Beijing has indeed been getting better and better in recent years.
I still remember that "APEC Blue" and "Parade Blue" were once amazing, but when this year's "Winter Olympic Blue" came, people were already used to it, and the normal blue sky and white clouds were no longer a luxury.
The ten years since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China have been the decade with the deepest understanding, the greatest efforts, the most practical measures, the fastest progress and the most remarkable results in the construction of ecological civilization and ecological environmental protection.
Represented by the improvement of air quality, my country has created a miracle of ecological and green development that has attracted worldwide attention, and has embarked on a civilized development path of production development, affluent life and good ecology, and a major step has been taken in the construction of a beautiful China.
The fastest way to control air pollution
The blue sky and white clouds in Beijing have enough data to annotate it.
The reporter recently learned from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment that in 2013, Beijing's PM2.5 was 89.5 micrograms per cubic meter. By 2021, this figure has become 33 micrograms per cubic meter, a decrease of 63.1% and a decrease of nearly two-thirds. .
The number of heavily polluted days in Beijing also dropped from 58 days in 2013 to 8 days last year.
And this year, it's only been two days so far.
Mr. Du, who lives in Tongzhou District, Beijing, recently shared a piece of his proud work in the circle of friends: the "Three Temples and One Pagoda" building as the iconic landscape at the northern end of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal under the splendid star trails in the night sky The group looked mysterious and spectacular.
The picture is so beautiful that many people suspect that "it is a composite photo", but Mr. Du is a little proud of this: this just shows that he is good enough.
He also admitted that this is also due to "the air is getting better and better".
Once upon a time, it was a difficult task for him to shoot star trails outside his home.
Recalling the past few years, "the air is very poor and the permeability is very low", and I can't even find a day in a year that is suitable for shooting star trails.
There are always annoying smog and pungent smell in daily life.
Today, the surrounding environment is getting better and better.
Mr. Du said that in their circle, many photography enthusiasts have photographed the star trails.
The changes in Beijing are a microcosm of the changes in air quality in my country. In fact, in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and even all over the country, the air quality has improved significantly in the past decade.
Data from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment shows that in the past ten years, the average concentration of PM2.5 in 74 key cities has dropped by 56%, or more than half, and the number of days with heavy pollution has decreased by 87%; In 2015, it decreased by 51%.
"my country is the first developing country to control PM2.5, and is known as the fastest country in the world to control air pollution." Huang Runqiu said.
According to a report by Bloomberg News, in the seven years from 2013 to 2020, the improvement in air quality in China is equivalent to the improvement in the more than 30 years since the implementation of the "Clean Air Act" in the United States.
Hao Jiming, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, a foreign academician of the US National Academy of Engineering, and a professor at Tsinghua University, commented: "In less than ten years, China has completed the air quality improvement in the United States in the past three decades, which has become a highlight of my country's ecological civilization construction. "
Vigorously adjust the four structures
Why has the air quality in my country improved so much?
Huang Runqiu believes that the fundamental lies in the high attention and scientific decision-making of the Party Central Committee and the State Council.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, my country has declared a war on air pollution with unprecedented intensity, precisely to "return the blue sky and white clouds and twinkling stars to the common people".
In September 2013, the “Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan” known as the “Ten Air Pollution Measures” was launched, and it is clear that by 2017, the concentration of fine particulate matter in the country will be reduced, of which the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region will be reduced by 25%.
In 2018, the "Three-Year Action Plan for Winning the Blue Sky Defense War" was released, requiring that the proportion of days with good air quality in cities at the prefecture level and above reach 80% by 2020.
With the timetable and roadmap, an air defense battle that swept across the country followed, and a combination of industrial structure adjustment, terminal management, and technological support was launched.
In Huang Runqiu's view, it is very important to vigorously adjust the "four structures".
First, vigorously adjust the energy structure and accelerate the clean and low-carbon transformation of energy.
In the past decade, two-thirds of my country's energy consumption increase came from clean energy, and the number of coal-fired boilers and kilns in the country has decreased from 500,000 to 100,000.
The second is to vigorously adjust the industrial structure and promote industrial development to improve quality and efficiency.
In the past ten years, we have eliminated outdated and overcapacity steel by 300 million tons, cement by 400 million tons, and flat glass by 150 million tons.
The third is to vigorously adjust the transportation structure and develop a green transportation system.
Over the past decade, we have eliminated more than 30 million older and high-emitting motor vehicles.
At present, the number of new energy vehicles in my country ranks first in the world.
Fourth, vigorously optimize the urban environmental governance structure and incorporate dust control into key areas.
In addition to the historical changes in air quality, the improvement of the ecological environment is also reflected in: the water environment quality has undergone a turning point change.
According to Huang Runqiu, in the past ten years, the proportion of excellent water body sections of Class I-III in my country has increased by 23.3 percentage points to 84.9%, which is close to the level of developed countries.
The black and odorous water bodies in cities at the prefecture level and above have been basically eliminated, and the safety of drinking water for the people has also been effectively guaranteed.
The risk of soil pollution has been effectively managed and controlled, and a ban on the entry of foreign garbage has been implemented, achieving the goal of "zero import" of solid waste.
In addition, the area of nature reserves accounts for 18% of the national land area, and the wild population of more than 300 kinds of rare and endangered wild animals and plants has been well restored.
A beautiful scene of "harmonious coexistence between man and nature" is vividly displayed.
According to the data observed by NASA in the United States, about 25% of the new green area in the world since 2000 has come from China. The overall stability of the ecosystem pattern and biodiversity protection has retained more birds and flowers and rural scenery for the common people.
Wang Jinnan, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and chairman of the Chinese Society of Environmental Sciences, said that the people's sense of happiness and recognition of blue sky and clear water has risen sharply, creating a successful practice of the largest developing country's rapid economic and social development while effectively protecting the environment.
The effect of the implementation of the system is remarkable
It is worth noting that behind these achievements, the rule of law is indispensable.
As Huang Runqiu said, in the past decade, the construction of my country's ecological environment laws and systems has entered a period with the greatest legislative strength, the most intensive system introduction, and the strictest supervision and law enforcement standards.
As the decade with the strongest legislation, this decade, my country's ecological environment legislation has achieved a comprehensive improvement from quantity to quality.
First of all, as a basic and comprehensive law in the field of ecological environment, the Environmental Protection Law has been comprehensively revised and came into effect in 2015. This law has established a system of continuous punishment on a daily basis, sealing up and detaining, and transferring to administrative detention. The strictest environmental protection laws in history.
According to statistics, in the past ten years, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress has formulated and revised 25 laws related to the ecological environment, covering pollution prevention and control fields such as air, water, soil, solid waste, and noise, as well as important ecosystems such as the Yangtze River, wetlands, and black soil. and elements.
The number of existing laws in the field of ecological environment has reached more than 30, and a comprehensive, practical and effective, strict and strict socialist ecological and environmental protection legal system with Chinese characteristics has been initially formed.
What is particularly striking is that "ecological civilization" has been written into the Constitution, the Civil Code has established the green principle as the basic principle of civil activities, and the Criminal Law and its amendments have clearly defined the crime of polluting the environment and destroying resources.
This decade has been the most intensive decade for the introduction of the ecological civilization system.
In 2015, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued two top-level design documents, the Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Ecological Civilization and the Overall Plan for the Reform of Ecological Civilization System.
Since then, a series of innovative systems have been introduced one after another, such as the central ecological and environmental protection inspector, environmental protection vertical reform, and pollution discharge permit system.
The institutional system of the "four beams and eight pillars" nature of ecological civilization has basically been formed, which provides an important institutional guarantee for promoting the construction of ecological civilization and ecological environmental protection.
The central ecological and environmental protection supervision system has also played an extremely important role.
This decade is also the decade with the strictest supervision and law enforcement and the most effective implementation of the legal system.
A set of data compiled by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment shows that in 2021, the national environmental administrative penalty cases will be 1.6 times that before the implementation of the new environmental protection law.
From 2013 to 2021, the people's courts tried an average of more than 2,000 cases of environmental pollution crimes per year.
In addition, since the implementation of the new environmental protection law in 2015, there have been more than 170,000 cases in five categories, including daily punishment, seizure and seizure, production restriction and production suspension, transfer to administrative detention, and suspected environmental pollution crimes.
Huang Runqiu specially mentioned that in the process of law enforcement, modern information technology means such as modern remote sensing and big data, as well as some modern law enforcement equipment such as traveling vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles, and unmanned ships, have been used to build an integrated "air, space and earth". The problem discovery mechanism can accurately identify problems and clues, which greatly improves the ability to discover malicious sewage behaviors.
"In the next step, we will continue to improve the ecological environment legal and institutional system, promote precise, scientific, and legal pollution control, and at the same time increase the guidance and assistance to enterprises to promote high-quality development." Huang Runqiu said.