Source prevention, monitoring and early warning, governance and repair
Improve the prevention and control system and say "no" to species invasion (Beautiful China)
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The invasion of alien species seriously threatens agricultural and forestry production security, food security, biological security and ecological security.
With the successive implementation of the "Biosafety Law of the People's Republic of China" and "Administrative Measures for Invasive Alien Species" in the past two years, my country has built a full-chain prevention and control system from the aspects of source prevention, monitoring and early warning, governance and restoration.
Experts reminded that foreign species should not be introduced or discarded at will without approval, and release activities should be carried out in a standardized manner to prevent the spread of invasive alien species and cause harm due to improper operations.
Recently, the roundup of "strange fish" crocodile gar has attracted attention in Ruzhou City, Henan Province.
After hard work, Ruzhou City Park Management has carried out harmless treatment of alligator gar and disinfected the lake area.
From August 1 this year, the "Administrative Measures for Invasive Alien Species" formulated and issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the General Administration of Customs and other relevant departments have been officially implemented. Build a full-chain prevention and control system.
The prevention and control of the invasion of aquatic alien species is a difficult problem, and the source policy is an efficient and economical means
The alligator gar, native to the Americas, is covered with diamond-shaped hard scales and has a long and pointed mouth. It is named for its crocodile-like shape.
How did the crocodile gar be introduced to our country?
Gu Dangen, a scientist in the National Bulk Freshwater Fish Industry Technology System for the Prevention and Control of Alien Species Invasion, introduced that the crocodile gar has a strange body shape. Due to the large food intake and fast growth rate, the general aquarium cannot accommodate it or the breeding cost is high. In addition, the meat quality is poor, and the eggs are highly poisonous and unfit for consumption. Some farmers release or discard them into outdoor water.
Gu Dangen introduced that the potential harm of crocodile gar after entering the outdoor water body is mainly reflected in three aspects.
One is to endanger the safety of aquaculture. Once it enters the aquaculture waters, it will lead to a serious reduction in the production of aquaculture or even no harvest.
The second is the massive predation of native aquatic organisms, which can directly lead to a sharp decline or even extinction of native fish and other aquatic animal populations, endangering biodiversity and ecosystem stability.
Third, in extreme cases, it is aggressive to humans.
According to the dispatch of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs to the relevant provinces, there has been no case of alligator gar invading the breeding waters.
Alligator gar has sporadic distribution records in urban parks, lakes or inland rivers in Henan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guangxi, Beijing and other places, and sporadic distribution in natural waters in a few southern areas such as Guangdong.
"At present, alligator gars are distributed in dots, which indirectly proves that their spread in natural waters is caused by human release. There is no spread across waters, and it is far from the point of flooding." Gu Dangen said, aquatic life The prevention and control of alien species invasion is a worldwide problem. Due to the strong concealment of water bodies, it is difficult to find invasive species in it, and it is also difficult to accurately locate alligator gars like plants and pests and diseases. "Strengthen supervision and prevent illegal introductions It is a more efficient and economical means at present to prevent its spread from the source, and to achieve the purpose of prevention.”
It is imminent to take the initiative to respond to, eliminate hazards, and strengthen the capacity-building for the prevention and control of major invasive alien organisms
"What kind of snail is this? It's bigger than the field snail, and the eggs it lays are pink." "Pick off the roots of the rice, and this kind of snail can be seen everywhere in the field"... In June this year, in Hanyuan County, Ya'an City, Sichuan Province, nine A resident of Xiang Town found a strange snail in 200 mu of arable land in a provincial agricultural industrial park of rice and garlic rotation in the town.
Experts have identified this snail as one of the first 16 major and dangerous agricultural invasive alien species to invade my country.
Fushou snails will eat rice seedlings and seedlings during the growth period of rice, which will reduce the yield of rice fields.
How to prevent and control the damage caused by the invasive alien species Fushou snail?
Jiuxiang Township Government contacted Ya'an City Intermediate People's Court, Hanyuan County People's Court and County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau to explore solutions.
"After the preliminary investigation, we decided to identify the 200 mu of cultivated land as a demonstration field for judicial restoration of cultivated land." The relevant person in charge of the Ya'an Intermediate People's Court introduced that through the formulation of a prevention and control plan, the court police, township and village group cadres, and villagers were organized. On July 21, about 50 kilograms of Fushou snails were collected in the restoration demonstration field.
There are three main ways of alien species invasion, namely natural transmission, unintentional introduction and intentional introduction.
Liu Wanxue, director of the Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Invasive Alien Organisms of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that my country is one of the countries in the world that suffers the most serious harm from invasive alien species.
In the past 20 years, nearly 110 invasive alien species have been newly discovered in my country.
The invasion of alien species seriously threatens agricultural and forestry production security, food security, biological security and ecological security.
"Invasion of alien species destroys the agricultural ecosystem and ecological environment, and also affects the biodiversity of our country, causing serious damage to the resources of important agricultural animal and plant species." Liu Wanxue said that the invasive species Echinacea has made a large area of excellent grassland in Sichuan Occupied, severely restricted the development of animal husbandry; the chytrid fungus carried by bullfrogs native to Cuba caused the death of a large number of amphibians in the invasive areas, and even caused the extinction of native frogs.
"It is imminent to strengthen the ability to prevent and control major invasive alien organisms." Liu Wanxue suggested that we should strengthen scientific and technological research on agricultural pests, and promote the formation of a complete set of technologies that coordinate prevention and early warning, detection and monitoring, diagnosis and prevention, eradication and control, and utilization and management. support system.
Promote the development and application of early rapid and accurate detection and remote intelligent monitoring of invasive alien species, promote the research and development of early extinction eradication and blocking interception technologies for invasive species, and enhance the ability to accurately manage and effectively eliminate invasive species. The improvement of active coping ability of "treating early, treating minor, treating and curing".
"Technical training and publicity and guidance can improve grass-roots prevention and control capabilities and public awareness of prevention and control." Liu Wanxue said that the prevention and control of alien species invasion should be incorporated into the education system, increase relevant scientific popularization education, and enhance the awareness of alien pests from all walks of life. knowledge level.
There are laws to abide by for management, and foreign species may not be introduced or discarded at will without approval
The relevant person in charge of the Department of Science, Technology and Education of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that the Biosafety Law, which will take effect on April 15, 2021, clearly stipulates that the state should strengthen the prevention and response to the invasion of alien species and protect biodiversity.
In order to implement the provisions of the Biosafety Law, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the General Administration of Customs and other relevant departments have formulated and issued the "Administrative Measures for Invasive Alien Species", which have been officially implemented since August 1 this year. Build a full-chain prevention and control system in terms of prevention, monitoring and early warning, governance and repair.
Zhang Guoliang, a researcher at the Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that the Biosafety Law and the "Administrative Measures for Invasive Alien Species" have established an institutional framework and provided policy guarantees for the prevention and control of invasive alien species in my country.
In terms of source prevention, the management measures have detailed regulations on introduction management, port prevention and control, domestic transportation and quarantine, border tracking assessment, etc., realizing the natural introduction of invasive alien species, human unintentional introduction and human intentional introduction. cover.
"Regardless of whether it has invasive characteristics or not, alien species cannot be introduced without approval, let alone discarded at will." The relevant person in charge of the Department of Science, Technology and Education of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that the Biosafety Law stipulates that any unit or individual without approval, It is not allowed to introduce, release or discard alien species without authorization; the Yangtze River Protection Law stipulates that it is prohibited to cultivate or release alien species or other non-native species germplasm resources in the open waters of the Yangtze River Basin; Criminal Law stipulates: Violating state regulations, illegally introducing, releasing or discarding invasive alien species Species, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention, and shall also or only be fined.
According to Wang Jianping, a professor at Sichuan University Law School, the Biosafety Law stipulates that if an alien species is released or discarded without approval, the relevant departments of the people's government at or above the county level shall, according to the division of responsibilities, order to capture or retrieve the released or discarded alien species within a time limit. , and impose a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan.
Zhang Guoliang reminded not to buy exotic species such as "exotic pets". Those that are already being cultivated should not be released or discarded at will. If necessary, you can contact relevant departments for harmless treatment.
It is recommended that the general public increase their awareness of the prevention and control of invasive alien species, standardize the release activities, and prevent the spread and spread of invasive alien species due to improper operations, causing harm.
Our reporter Chang Qin Ni Yi