At the first World Vocational and Technical Education Development Conference held recently, contestants were operating in the equipment manufacturing event.
China Youth Daily and China Youth Network trainee reporter Yang Jie / photo
Contestants display flower arrangements at the fair.
China Youth Daily and China Youth Network trainee reporter Yang Jie / photo
Foreign players are making traditional Chinese medicine sachets.
China Youth Daily and China Youth Network trainee reporter Yang Jie / photo
The contestants perform massage for the guests.
China Youth Daily and China Youth Network trainee reporter Yang Jie / photo
At the first World Vocational and Technical Education Development Conference held recently, the global epidemic, the digital age, economic development and people's livelihood security are topics that cannot be avoided. It is enough to see that the development of vocational education has always been closely following the pulse of economic and social development.
More than 700 representatives from international organizations, government agencies, industry enterprises, scientific research institutions and colleges and universities from 123 countries and regions participated in the conference online or offline; Teams and engaged in fierce "battles"... The typical features of these international conferences in the digital age show an irreversible trend to the outside world: what blocks communication between people is no longer the distance of time and space, but whether it is mastered or not. A digital way of thinking and communicating.
The world is undergoing profound adjustments and changes in the industrial structure, economic structure, social environment and population structure. In addition, the spread of the new crown pneumonia epidemic has accelerated the process of human digital survival to varying degrees.
The theme of this conference directly reflects the common thinking of the industry - "the development of vocational and technical education in the post-epidemic era: new changes, new methods, and new skills".
Vocational education in various countries is faced with some common challenges and development opportunities. The 14 parallel forums discussed in depth a series of new topics for the development of vocational education from multiple dimensions.
The digital age is forcing global vocational education reform
Standing on the mechatronics intelligent training platform, Yao Borui, a third-year student at Tianjin Vocational and Technical Normal University, stared intently at the instrument, which can automatically complete the flexible filling of simulated granular drugs.
The future job of the college student born in 1999 is not simple assembly line work, but programming, optimization and troubleshooting of equipment. "Intelligent production lines put forward higher requirements on my skills."
"If you don't master digital technology and don't have digital thinking, you will not be able to move forward today." said Lu Xin, president of the China Association of Vocational and Technical Education.
Under the impact of the fourth industrial revolution, vocational education stands at a new starting point in history. The cultivation of talents determines the core competitiveness of the future, and digital transformation has become one of the core issues for the high-quality development of global vocational education.
In 2021, the "14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Intelligent Manufacturing" promulgated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission and other 8 departments proposes a "two-step" strategy for my country's intelligent manufacturing: by 2025, most of my country's manufacturing enterprises above designated size will achieve Digital networking will enable key enterprises in key industries to initially apply intelligence; by 2035, digital networking will be fully popularized in manufacturing enterprises above designated size, and key industries in key industries will basically realize intelligence.
"The digital upgrade of the manufacturing industry has made the demand for high-level application-oriented talents more urgent." Guan Zhiwei, vice president of Tianjin Sino-German University of Applied Technology, believes that vocational education should cultivate talents from the technical complexity of enterprise operation and solve complex engineering and application problems. .
This means that vocational education must keep up with the technological upgrading in the digital age, and cultivate high-level talents with both innovation ability and professional core ability. "The knowledge base should be broad and the practical ability should be strong."
As the first university of applied technology in my country, 15% of the graduates of this school enter defense technology and military enterprises every year.
"This is due to the school's talent training layout." Guan Zhiwei said that the school mainly carries out talent training for regional key industries and 12 industrial chains, and realizes the organic connection of professional chain, talent chain, industrial chain and innovation chain.
Chongqing Electronic Engineering Vocational College, which has transformed into a high-level application-oriented institution of higher learning, is in full swing to deploy a scientific research platform.
Sun Weiping, secretary of the party committee of the school, said that it is necessary to build a digital scientific research platform and use technology to tackle difficulties to serve the upgrading of the industry.
Focusing on smart cities, smart health and elderly care, etc., the school has successively built 21 scientific research platforms, and cooperated with high-end scientific research institutions such as the Chongqing National Applied Data Mathematics Center to carry out key core technology research around the digital transformation of the industry.
Education ministers from more than 10 countries talked about the transformation of vocational education in the digital age.
Victor Godoy, Minister of Education of Brazil, said that around the digital vocational education transformation, the Brazilian Ministry of Education has focused on the procurement of advanced equipment and the establishment of research laboratories to help improve industrial productivity and the country's competitiveness.
Zhang Shangyun, deputy minister of the Korean Ministry of Education, mentioned that South Korea plans to develop high-skilled talents who can promote future digital transformation by developing digital industries and cultivating talents in emerging industries, expanding programs in the fields of software engineering, artificial intelligence, and semiconductors, and reorganizing the curriculum system.
In Ireland, in order to meet the skills needs of emerging industries, the country has launched a number of websites and educational platforms, allowing the community to provide continuing education and training, and complete a more flexible and efficient vocational education training program.
"The international community needs a large number of telecommunications technology and skilled talents at different levels, especially intelligent talents in the application of modern communication technology represented by 5G and artificial intelligence, the installation and maintenance of communication system engineering, satellite communication and navigation technology, and Internet technology. " said Houlin Zhao, Secretary General of the International Telecommunication Union.
Vocational education reform should focus on people's overall development
"Vocational education should be better based on the all-round development of people." This sentence was repeatedly mentioned at the conference.
The essence of education is to shape a complete person, and the future reform and development of vocational education must start from "people-oriented", which has become the consensus of the participants.
Huai Jinpeng, Minister of Education of the People's Republic of China, said that vocational education must focus on serving people's all-round development, promote vocational education to pay more attention to capacity building, better promote vocational-universal integration, open up opportunities for vocational education students to advance and develop channels, and train students to adapt to future industries. capacity for development, industrial change, and technological innovation.
Strengthening science education is considered to be an important way to promote vocational education reform and promote the all-round development of students.
At the Science Education Development Forum of Vocational Colleges hosted by Tianjin Sino-German University of Applied Sciences, how science education is integrated into vocational education has become the focus of heated discussions.
Chen Jun, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and vice president of Nankai University, said that the development of emerging industries in China in the future is closely related to vocational education, and science and technology are closely linked, just like two hands.
In his view, high-quality talents must be proficient in scientific principles and master application technologies. This is the cross-integrated compound talents.
"Some people think that the technology content of vocational education is low, (students) have no stamina and no future. This is the biggest problem of vocational education." Lu Shuangying, a member of the Tianjin Association for Science and Technology, believes that strengthening science education is the foundation of improving vocational education. Solve a series of practical problems such as simplification of skills and instrumentalization of skills.
Zhang Shuangnan, director of the Center for Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that correct science education can enable citizens to have the ability to distinguish logical thinking, independent thinking and active learning, which will significantly improve China's innovation ability.
In the end, the forum reached a consensus and issued the initiative of "strengthening science education in the training of vocational education talents", believing that science education will guide students to explore the world with problem awareness, and to appreciate the charm of science, the joy of humanities and the discovery of the truth of all things. The pleasure of promoting people's all-round development.
The proposal is clear, insist on cultivating scientific methods in practice, deepen school-enterprise cooperation, and integrate practical teaching, engineering training and other links with the actual situation of enterprises; insist on strengthening scientific thinking in theoretical learning; insist on demonstrating scientific spirit in the cultivation of craftsman culture, It is suggested that the education administrative departments at all levels actively explore the construction of an integrated scientific education system of large, medium and small.
The digital transformation of young teachers must be the first
In the World Vocational College Skills Competition, Xue Lichen, a training teacher from Tianjin Electromechanical Vocational and Technical College, led the students to complete the competition in the field of equipment manufacturing technology applications.
He deeply felt that to cultivate skilled talents with strong hands-on ability and high innovation ability, teachers also put forward higher requirements.
Liu Jiren, chairman of Neusoft Group Co., Ltd., pointed out that some majors have great potential for development in the future, "but we do not have enough resources to cultivate them today."
The biggest difficulty is the shortage of teachers.
From the perspective of regions and teaching levels, the ability of the teaching staff is unevenly distributed, the quality of development is inconsistent, and it is unable to cope with the changes in the new economy, new formats, and new technologies of vocational education.
From the perspective of enterprise development, Ma Yanjun, general manager of AI technology ecology of Baidu Group, found that the development of artificial intelligence industry has brought new challenges to the teaching work of vocational education.
On the one hand, the teaching content of digital vocational education has not been established, and there is no reference to the curriculum system standards. In China, there is a lack of industrial practice guidance, and the training methods and methods for the combination of digital production and education are not yet mature.
"Cultivating applied practical AI talents requires the formation of cross-professional + AI learning practices, as well as cross-field + AI integrated applications." Ma Yanjun believes that this is a challenge of the times for teachers of vocational education.
At the conference, the "White Paper on the Development of Vocational Education in China" issued by the Ministry of Education for the first time clearly stated that it is necessary to create a "double-qualified" teaching team.
Implement the "Quality Improvement Plan for Teachers in Vocational Colleges", and establish a four-level training system of "national demonstration and leadership, provincial-level overall implementation, city-county linkage guarantee, and school-based characteristic research".
Huang Wei, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and director of the Academic Committee of Northwestern Polytechnical University, has worked in Singapore for many years.
From an international perspective, he believes that to achieve digital transformation, vocational education teachers must not only become digital teachers, but also digital technicians.
Vocational education young teachers are a new force in the teaching staff of vocational colleges, and they are also the key to cultivating high-level vocational and technical talents.
Specifically, to cultivate the digital literacy of vocational education teachers, we must also speed up the construction of a pre-service training system and an on-the-job training system for vocational education teachers; at the same time, we must build a digital education resource library, introduce resources according to professional characteristics, and cooperate with industry enterprises to jointly develop Vocational education teacher training resources, enabling digitalization to empower the reform of the vocational education teacher team.
Vocational education should be better integrated into economic development
In recent years, China's vocational education has achieved preliminary results in promoting digital construction.
More than 85% of vocational schools have built digital campuses according to standards; 203 national-level professional teaching resource libraries for vocational education have been established, and 992 high-quality video open courses and 2,886 national-level high-quality resource sharing covering 12 disciplines including arts, science, engineering, agriculture and medicine have been developed. class.
However, in the exploration of digital vocational education campuses, "labor pains" were noticed by experts in many vocational education fields.
Xiang Shun, general manager of the National Vocational Education Virtual Simulation Demonstration Training Base, noticed that there are "three highs" problems in the development of vocational education, namely high investment, high difficulty and high risk.
Xiang Shun found that in the process of digital transformation of traditional vocational education, the cost of some training facilities and equipment is high, and the material loss is large, which cannot keep up with the pace of technological development of enterprises.
In addition, the current teaching team is difficult to support the completion of teaching tasks, and it is difficult to effectively implement a large number of practical training teaching links.
"It is difficult to implement, observe, and reproduce." In Xiang Shun's view, this is a "complication" brought about by the "three highs".
Many school and enterprise leaders at the forum believe that the integration of production and education has become the way out to solve the above problems.
Relying on enterprise resources, Shenzhen Information Vocational and Technical College has explored a new model of joint training.
They teamed up with Huawei to build the first Kunpeng Industrial College in South China, and set up a Kunpeng class under the structure of the industrial college, establishing a flexible entry and exit mechanism, and taking the Huawei HCIE expert certificate as a graduation condition.
"The needs of enterprises have forced the development of digital vocational education reform." Wang Hui, president of Shenzhen Information Vocational and Technical College, mentioned that only by establishing a dynamic teaching adjustment mechanism for high-end industries and high-end industries can we cultivate the compound model urgently needed by the information technology industry. engineer.
"Vocational education cannot be developed only by working hard from vocational schools, education, agriculture, industry and commerce. Only through full communication and cooperation with society and industrial enterprises can vocational education be run well." Wu Xuemin, Secretary of the Party Committee of Nanjing Polytechnic University The same view was raised on the topic of collaborative education model innovation.
Guan Zhiwei said that Tianjin Sino-German University of Applied Technology has established a modern industry college, a model software college, etc. with enterprises, and has cooperated with 10 German applied universities, and invited German experts to guide professional construction in various professional organizations for a long time.
Use the practical projects from the enterprise jointly set up by the school and the enterprise to cultivate students' ability to solve complex engineering problems.
"Standing at a new historical starting point, to realize the transformation and development of vocational education, we need to accurately position ourselves, take the initiative to seek changes, and promote further cooperation and exchanges in the education sector, industry, economic and social development departments, and the international community." Huai Jinpeng appealed , We must continuously raise awareness, change concepts, and continuously improve the quality of vocational education and development capabilities.
China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily reporter Hu Chunyan Trainee reporter Yang Jie Source: China Youth Daily