"Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary" completes a new round of revision
Add nearly a thousand new words such as "new normal" and "sharing economy"
New words and new meanings enter the authoritative dictionary
"Guangming Daily" (August 23, 2022 Edition 09)
Recently, the key project of the National Language and Writing Committee, "Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary", has completed a new round of revision and launched the 4th edition, which is jointly published by the Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press and the Chinese Language Press.
It is understood that the newly revised "Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary" contains more than 12,000 words, more than 72,000 entries, and more than 80,000 examples, which basically reflects the appearance of modern Chinese vocabulary.
This revision has added nearly a thousand new words, including "sharing economy", "new normal", "carbon peak", "carbon neutrality", "Internet +", "mobile payment" and other hot words reflecting the development of the times, and also included some It is close to everyday Internet terms, such as "Internet celebrity", "group chat", "group owner", "brain supplement", "brain hole", etc.
In addition, new meanings and new usages of some words have also been added to the new edition.
"Modern Chinese Canonical Dictionary" began to be compiled in the 1990s, and the first edition was officially launched in 2004. So far, three revisions have been completed.
This revision was completed by more than 20 experts in 8 years under the auspices of Li Xingjian, an advisory member of the National Language Commission, winner of the Fourth Lifetime Achievement Award for Dictionaries, and professor at the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
On August 20, the dictionary release and seminar were held in Beijing. Xu Jialu, the chief consultant of the dictionary, wrote in a letter: "Over the years, the writing team headed by Mr. Xingjian has worked tirelessly, silently, and kept improving. Education is beneficial to society and an indispensable part of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation."
Add new words such as "sharing economy" and "group chat"
"The dictionary needs to be revised continuously with the development of society, keep pace with the times, and renew the old and absorb the new. This time, it is revised and republished on the basis of the third edition, which is mainly reflected in the three aspects of 'addition, deletion and modification'." At the press conference, Li Xingjian introduced The main content of the revision.
With the development of society, new things continue to emerge, and a number of new words have been added to the language accordingly.
This revision adds such new words, such as "sharing economy, overtaking in corners, top-level design, application for World Heritage status, new normal", etc.; adds scientific and technological words that have entered social language life and new elements, such as "carbon reach peaks, carbon neutrality, cloud computing, mobile payments”, etc.
As language is used in social communication, some words may have new meanings added or their usage changed.
These new meanings and usages have also been added this time. For example, the meaning of "borrowing a very short period of time (mostly used as an adverb)" has been added to the word "second", and the word "swipe" has been added to "to be similar to ' The action of swiping carries out the input, output and identification of certain information, etc.
In order to help primary and middle school students learn the knowledge of traditional Chinese culture, traditional ideological and cultural words such as "see the virtuous and think together, the text is full of truth, full of damage, modest benefit" and other traditional ideological and cultural words have been added.
In order to be close to Chinese teaching, this revision deliberately added some hints on the pronunciation and usage of certain classical Chinese words in the Chinese textbooks compiled by the Ministry.
For example, the "fang" in "Afanggong" is explained with a prompt: "'fang' is read pánɡ in 'Afanggong'".
Taking into account some actual situations of language life, a reminder is also added after the word "liu": "When the word 'liu' is used in the place names 'Lu'an' (in Anhui), 'Liuhe' (in Jiangsu), etc., the local people read it. lù" and so on.
Li Xingjian also mentioned that this revision has carried out a comprehensive inspection of the contents of the dictionary in accordance with the newly promulgated language normative standards and other laws and regulations of the state, and revised the interpretation of some words.
For example, from January 1, 2021, the "Civil Code of the People's Republic of China" will come into force. According to this, the dictionary has revised some items such as "adult", "support" and "support" in accordance with the Civil Code.
"Words involving national laws and regulations need to be revised in a timely manner in accordance with the law to make dictionary definitions more normative and authoritative."
The dictionary is the "power tool" in the cultural field
"The norms of language are not only in the country's normative documents, but also in the normative consciousness of the whole people; not only in textbooks, but also in dictionaries." Li Yuming, president of the Chinese Dictionary Society and former secretary of the Party Committee of Beijing Language and Culture University, said that dictionaries, especially It is an excellent normative dictionary and a "great power" in the cultural field.
It is of great significance to compile a good dictionary, maintain a good dictionary, and make good use of the dictionary.
Zhao Yuanren, Li Jinxi, Ye Shengtao, Lv Shuxiang... The compilation and publication of the language reference book embodies a lot of hard work of generations of scholars, and has made great contributions to popularizing the national common language, improving my country's cultural and educational level, and inheriting and developing Chinese excellent culture.
Gu Zhichuan, the principle director of the Special Committee of Chinese Teaching in Secondary Schools of the Chinese Education Society and the editor and reviewer of the People's Education Press, said that "Xinhua Dictionary", "Modern Chinese Dictionary" and "Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary" are important reference books for students to learn Chinese and improve their core literacy.
It is understood that the compilation project of "Modern Chinese Canonical Dictionary" was officially launched in 1992. This is a dictionary aimed at fully implementing the relevant national normative standards. , Xu Jialu, Zhou Youguang, Cao Xianzhang, Liu Bin, Hu Mingyang and many other scholars served as consultants.
In February 2004, it took more than ten years to complete the compilation and was jointly published by the Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press and the Chinese Language Press.
Zhu Xinjun, former member of the Party Group of the State Education Commission and Secretary of the Party Group of the State Language Commission, introduced that the purpose of the "Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary" is to popularize and disseminate the relevant norms and standards of language.
Since the dictionary came out in 2004, it has been widely welcomed in the society, especially its normative, contemporary, ideological, and pure in terms of word selection and interpretation. Teachers and students in the field of education use the "Teachers who go along with them" who standardize the language and characters.
"Dictionary publishing is the basic project of national cultural construction." Ding Hao, member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee and Vice President of Beijing Foreign Studies University, introduced that the content copyright of "Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary" has been exported to the United Kingdom, the United States, South Korea, Malaysia and other countries, for the exchange of language and culture between China and foreign countries. Build a bridge of communication.
There are many new trends worth paying attention to in the development of dictionaries
In the digital age, some new changes have taken place in the compilation and use of dictionaries. Li Yuming analyzed some new trends in the development of dictionaries in recent years. A notable phenomenon is that the habits of readers have changed dramatically.
Li Yuming said: "First, readers' first inquiry is not a paper media but an online medium, and smartphones and the Internet are the first inquiries. The accuracy rate is more concerned with the retrieval rate; third, they are used to the free consumption of online software and are unwilling to spend money on online knowledge.”
In recent years, the compilation of dictionaries has faced many new situations and new topics. Li Yuming introduced that, for example, dictionaries need a paper basis, but they also need to be networked and integrated into media; Chinese dictionaries and "encyclopedic" learning dictionaries are more marketable. However, it needs to be divided into age, group and language; at present, the problem of interpretive language (metalanguage) and matching examples of dictionaries is the weak link of dictionary research; dictionary compilation lacks normative standards, especially the normative standards for online dictionaries and fusion media dictionaries .
In addition, the intellectual property issue of dictionaries is still a topic of the times.
Li Yuming said that in order to adapt to the changes of dictionaries, the Chinese Dictionary Society has been advocating the development of print media dictionaries to media-integrated dictionaries over the years, and advocated the expansion of readers-centered dictionaries.
"Language changes with the development of society, and Chinese dictionaries must reflect the actual development of language." Li Xingjian believes that only by constantly revising and advancing with the times can dictionaries meet the needs of social communication, help readers use language in a standardized way, and improve their language application ability. Play the role of language reference books.
(Reporter Chen Xue of this newspaper)