Procuratorial organs serve to ensure the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt
Typical case (the fourth batch)
release notes
The Supreme People's Procuratorate issued 12 typical cases (fourth batch) of procuratorial organs' services to guarantee the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, involving issues such as hazardous waste pollution control, illegal mining control, and cross-regional pollution control.
Among them, there are 4 criminal cases and 8 administrative public interest litigation cases.
1. Focus on green development, and strictly punish illegal and criminal acts in the ecological environment with strict judicial constraints
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the strictest system and the strictest rule of law should be used to protect the ecological environment.
The procuratorial organ adheres to the strategic orientation of "together with major protection and not engaged in major development", and imposes judicial constraints on violations and crimes of environmental resources in the Yangtze River Basin, so as to promote ecological priority and green development.
The Procuratorate of Xishan District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, when handling the illegal mining case of Ma Moukun and others, promptly discovered the criminal clues of the underworld forces associated with the illegal mining case, and promoted the implementation of the work of "opening umbrellas" and "making money". The human-evil forces group filed a public prosecution and charged more than 27 million yuan.
At the same time, 5 public officials who acted as "protective umbrellas" for evil forces and constituted the crime of cover-up were dug out.
Five people including Zheng Mouqiang from Chongqing illegally dumped about 34 tons of waste fuel oil into the main and tributaries of the Yangtze River.
The procuratorial organs, in view of the complex case of difficult to determine the scope of pollution, difficult to verify the subjective fault, and difficult to determine the consequences of the crime, have explored the legal obligations as the guide to verify the subjective fault of the perpetrator, the quantified amount of ecological environmental damage and the unrepairable water pollution of the Yangtze River as "crimes". "The consequences are particularly serious" reference standard work ideas, accurately identify the facts of the crime and criminal responsibility, and severely punish environmental crimes.
2. Implement ecological priority, and ensure the timely management and restoration of the ecological environment through the connection and integration of procuratorial functions
The procuratorial organs insist on putting the protection and restoration of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River in an overwhelming position, and the criminal prosecution and public interest litigation prosecutors work together to strengthen the connection with the ecological environment damage compensation system, and actively promote the governance of pollution problems.
The Xingan County Procuratorate of Jiangxi Province handled the case of Zhang Moumou and others polluting the Yijiang River by dumping hazardous wastes, urging and supporting the local Ecological Environment Bureau, Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau and other departments to carry out consultations on ecological environment damage compensation, and do a good job in ecological environment damage compensation and plead guilty and accept punishment Effective connection of the leniency system.
After negotiation, Zhang Moumou voluntarily bears more than 26 million yuan in compensation for ecological environment damage.
The Procuratorate of Nanhu District, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, in handling the criminal case of Jiamou Chemical Raw Materials Co., Ltd., Bao Mouhua and other 14 people polluting the environment, organically combined confession and punishment with recovery of stolen goods and loss. Bao Mouhua and others took the initiative to pay a deposit of 3,200 yuan for environmental damage compensation. million.
In order to curb the continuous expansion of pollution, the procuratorial organ of Chuzhou City, Anhui Province filed an administrative public interest lawsuit in a timely manner when the person responsible for environmental damage was unable to deal with the hazardous waste pollution in a timely manner, and urged the relevant local administrative departments to first regulate the disposal of the hazardous waste involved in the case.
The Procuratorate of Cuiping District, Yibin City, Sichuan Province, in handling the criminal case of illegal sand mining along the Yangtze River, aimed at the risk of collapse of the two large pits and slopes formed by illegal mining, and urged the relevant administrative agencies to repair it first, thus protecting the ecology of the Yangtze River in a timely manner. and river safety.
3. Adhere to systematic thinking, focus on treating both symptoms and symptoms, and promote systematic governance of the whole basin and industry
The procuratorial organs insisted on focusing on the integrity of the ecosystem and the systemic nature of the Yangtze River Basin, and extended the handling of individual cases to the cooperation of the whole basin and the governance of the whole industry, so as to achieve the effect of handling one case, governing one area, and regulating one area.
When handling a series of administrative public interest litigation cases for urging the rectification of the Grand Canal and the Taipu River Basin, the procuratorial organ of Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, insisted on tracing the source, and refined the clues of 4 water environment problems into more than 50 specific problems, and promoted the ecological environment, transportation, etc. Transportation and other departments carried out law enforcement inspections on 55 enterprises along the river, shut down 26 scattered and polluted enterprises, demolished 21 illegal buildings, re-applied 17 enterprise environmental assessment procedures and water wading licenses, and renovated and upgraded 10 standardized docks. Prevent the recurrence of pollution at the source.
According to the cooperation mechanism of public interest litigation on the Taihu Lake Basin, the Grand Canal Basin, and the Yangtze River Delta Ecological Environment, the Suzhou City Procuratorate will transfer the clues of relevant water pollution issues to the Zhejiang and Shanghai District Procuratorates. Integrated implementation of comprehensive management.
The Baiyun District Procuratorate of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, in handling the administrative public interest litigation case for urging the pollution control of the Maijia River, insisted on promoting the industry-wide governance with individual cases, and urged the Baiyun Branch of the Guiyang Ecological Environment Bureau and the Baiyun District Natural Resources Bureau to take action against 8 ore mining companies in the area. A comprehensive investigation was carried out, and 7 enterprises were urged to rectify problems such as failure to take protective measures such as dust prevention and dust reduction, open-pit mining and sand blasting, and dust pollution, which effectively protected the ecological environment of the Maijia River.
Fourth, strengthen cooperation and linkage, promote "all management" with "I manage", and build a pattern of joint protection of the Yangtze River
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that promoting the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a common cause of the whole society.
The procuratorial organs have deepened internal and external cooperation, mobilized the forces of all parties, and promoted the coordinated governance of the river basin's ecological environment.
After the Anju District Procuratorate of Suining City, Sichuan Province handled the administrative public interest litigation case for urging the management of water pollution in the Qiongjiang River, it established a cooperation model with the four provincial (city) courts in the Fujiang River and Qiongjiang River Basin, and jointly carried out special supervision activities.
The Fifth Academy jointly patrolled the river 11 times, issued 32 procuratorial recommendations, and urged the relevant competent authorities to invest more than 29 million yuan in pollution control, which effectively improved the ecological environment of the Qiongjiang and Fujiang cross-border rivers, lakes and shorelines.
The Shayang County Procuratorate of Hubei Province received the assistance of the Brother Procuratorate in the whole process of the administrative public interest litigation case of Yejiadagang water environmental protection, and all the litigation claims were supported by the court's judgment, promoting the inclusion of Yejiadagang water environment management into the county's ecological environment supplement. board works.
After the Hunan Provincial Procuratorate received clues about the pollution case of the domestic waste landfill in Linxiang City, it designated the Changsha Railway Transportation Procuratorate to handle it. The public supervision was introduced into the hearing, turning the "problem field" into a "benchmark demonstration field" for effective governance.
In the administrative public interest litigation case of Shanghai Chongming District Procuratorate urging the protection of ecological resources in the waters of the North Yangtze River Estuary, the procuratorial organs of Shanghai and Jiangsu jointly established a cooperation mechanism for the protection of ecological resources in the North Yangtze River Estuary together with relevant administrative departments such as maritime affairs, water conservancy and public security, and realized the protection of ecological resources in the North Yangtze River Estuary. The closed-loop supervision of illegal sand mining in the mouth and the promotion of "all management" by "I control" provides a practical sample for the management of illegal sand mining in the Yangtze River Basin.
Procuratorial Service Guarantee
A typical case of the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt
(Fourth batch)
1. The criminal prosecution of 14 persons including Jiamou Chemical Raw Materials Co., Ltd. and Bao Mouhua, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, for environmental pollution
2. The criminal prosecution of 5 persons including Chongqing Jumou Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., Zheng Mouqiang, etc. for environmental pollution
3. The criminal prosecution of three persons including Liao Mougui, Yibin City, Sichuan Province for illegal mining
4. Criminal prosecution of illegal mining by 17 criminal groups including Ma Moukun, Kunming City, Yunnan Province
5. Shanghai Chongming District People's Procuratorate urging the protection of the ecological resources of the North Yangtze River Estuary water administrative public interest litigation case
6. A series of administrative public interest litigation cases concerning the protection of the Grand Canal and the ecological environment of the Taipu River Basin by the procuratorial organ of Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province
7. An administrative public interest litigation case concerning the procuratorial organ of Chuzhou City, Anhui Province urging the rectification of cross-regional solid hazardous waste pollution
8. The administrative public interest litigation case of Shayang County People's Procuratorate of Hubei Province urging the protection of Yejiadagang water environment
9. The administrative public interest litigation case of Changsha Railway Transportation Procuratorate of Hunan Province urging the rectification of domestic waste landfill pollution
10. The administrative public interest litigation case of Anju District People's Procuratorate of Suining City, Sichuan Province urging the management of water pollution in Qiongjiang River
11. The People's Procuratorate of Baiyun District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, an administrative public interest litigation case for urging the management of Maijia River pollution
12. The case of the People's Procuratorate of Xingan County, Jiangxi Province urging and supporting the ecological environment department to carry out consultations on ecological environment damage compensation
Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province
Jiamou Chemical Materials Co., Ltd.,
Criminal prosecution of 14 persons including Bao Mouhua for environmental pollution
【Key words】
Pollution of the environment to guide the investigation and prosecution unit crime prohibition order damage compensation
【gist】
When handling criminal cases of environmental pollution in which hazardous wastes have been lost, the procuratorial organs shall, by guiding the public security organs to collect evidence and make supplementary investigations on their own, find out the method and quantity of illegally discharged hazardous wastes in accordance with the law.
In response to the large amount of compensation for ecological and environmental damage, the procuratorial organs have used the leniency system of admitting guilt and accepting punishment to guide and urge the units and personnel involved in the case to take the initiative to pay the environmental damage compensation deposit, so as to provide financial guarantee for subsequent pollution control and environmental restoration.
【Basic case】
The defendant unit, Jiaxing Jiamou Chemical Raw Materials Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Jiamou Company), is a private enterprise with the qualification to operate hazardous chemicals, and its business scope includes wholesale and storage of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and liquid caustic soda.
The actual shareholders of the company are the defendants Bao Mouhua, Wu Mouming and Fei Mouxiang, of which Bao Mouhua is fully responsible for the company's affairs.
After the company purchases by-product hydrochloric acid and other chemicals from other chemical companies all the year round, it sells for profit.
Since the second half of 2017, some chemical companies have converted by-product hydrochloric acid (a by-product produced in chemical synthesis, the main component is hydrogen chloride, with certain industrial value, but more impurities than industrial hydrochloric acid) in the form of subsidy payments. Sold to other chemical companies for processing.
In order to seek benefits, Jiamou company purchased a large amount of by-product hydrochloric acid for sale.
Due to fluctuations in market demand, a large backlog of by-product hydrochloric acid purchased by a company in Jia is due to slow sales.
From July 2018 to May 2019, Bao Mouhua decided to discharge part of the by-product hydrochloric acid stored in the storage into Pinghu Pond (connecting the waters of Jiaxing South Lake and East Lake, interconnecting with the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, with a total length of more than 40 kilometers), to Reduce the company's operating losses.
Instructed by Bao Mouhua, Jiamou company employee defendant Fang Mouqi and Weng Mouquan, dock reporter defendant Wang Mouming, transport ship owner defendant Song Mouyong and Ni Mouguang, transport vehicle driver defendant Qian Mouquan , Qiu Moufeng and others cooperated with each other to directly discharge the stored by-product hydrochloric acid into the ground hole or the rain and sewage separation box of the emergency pool.
After the illegally discharged by-product hydrochloric acid flows into Pinghu pond, some water bodies have a low pH value, resulting in the death of a large number of fish in the waters and the death of a large number of aquatic plants along the coast; some coastal enterprises frequently suffer from defective products when they extract Pinghu pond water for production. Products and even machinery and equipment are damaged.
In order to evade supervision, a company in Jiaxing paid 135,000 yuan in bribes to Xu Moufeng, a policeman of the Anti-drug Detachment of Jiaxing City Public Security Bureau and a city-wide precursor chemicals supervisor.
[Procuratorial performance of duties]
On June 21, 2019, in response to the abnormal water quality of Pinghu Pond, Daqiao Town, Nanhu District, the Jiaxing City Ecological Environment Bureau, Zhejiang Province, together with the public security organs, conducted an investigation into Jiamou Company, a key suspect unit, and found Song Mouyong and others in Jiamou on the spot. Illegal dumping of acidic liquids in the waters of the company's unloading terminal.
On June 25, the Nanhu Branch of the Jiaxing Public Security Bureau opened the case for investigation.
Due to the seriousness and complexity of the case, the Nanhu District People's Procuratorate of Jiaxing City (hereinafter referred to as the Nanhu District Court) intervened in the investigation. In response to the unknown whereabouts of some of the by-product hydrochloric acid stored in a company in Jiaxing, there were discrepancies in the statistics data reported to the public security organs' precursor chemicals management system. and other issues, guide the public security organs to obtain documentary evidence such as the ledger data of the by-product hydrochloric acid purchased and shipped by the Jia company, and find out the amount of the by-product hydrochloric acid illegally discharged by the Jia company; , Carry out investigative experiments to find out the way of illegally discharging by-product hydrochloric acid.
In the face of a large amount of evidence, Bao Mouhua, who refused to plead guilty, admitted the crime of instigating others to secretly discharge by-product hydrochloric acid in various ways.
In August and October of the same year, the Nanhu District Public Security Bureau released on bail pending trial for the Jiamou company shareholder Fei Mouxiang and the transporter driver Qiu Moufeng, who had minor crimes. Bao Mouhua, Wu Mouming, Qian Mouquan, Ni Mouguang, etc. 12 people requested the Nanhu District Court to approve their arrest.
After review, the Nanhu District Court approved the arrest of 9 people including Bao Mouhua, but did not approve the arrest of the transporter driver Qian Mouquan and other 2 people and the transport ship owner Ni Mouguang with insufficient evidence, and proposed supplementary investigation opinions.
At the same time, the criminal procuratorial department of the Nanhu District Court took the initiative to contact the public interest litigation department, the district environmental protection bureau and the appraisal agency. After learning that the cost of repairing the environment would cost about 100 million yuan, it explained to the criminal suspect the necessity of paying the environmental damage compensation deposit. , to prepare for urging criminal suspects to prepay environmental damage compensation deposits.
In December of the same year, the public security organs transferred the case for review and prosecution.
The Nanhu District Court held that the case was to seek illegal benefits for the unit, and it reflected the will of the unit, so Jiamou Company was added as a criminal unit; in accordance with the principle of "low in storage and high out of storage", the conclusions of the audit report were made. The amendment was made, and it was determined that Jiaxu Company purchased 182,000 tons of hydrochloric acid by-product from 22 suppliers, of which 3.3% of the by-product hydrochloric acid was illegally discharged.
990,000 tons; through repeated communication with defense lawyers, criminal suspects and their relatives, organically combining confession and acceptance of guilt and recovery of assets and damages, clarifying that the performance of ecological damage compensation responsibility is an important basis for sentencing recommendations, and prompting all criminal suspects to plead guilty and repent. Sign the "Agreement of Guilty and Punishment".
Among them, Bao Mouhua, Wu Mouming and Fei Mouxiang, in their own names, voluntarily paid a deposit of 32 million yuan for environmental damage compensation.
Since there is still a large gap in the funds for subsequent environmental restoration, considering that Jiamou company has limited account funds, but the company is about to receive more than 30 million yuan in compensation due to the relocation, the Nanhu District Court suggested to the local government to give priority to the relocation compensation. It is used for ecological damage compensation to ensure that the follow-up environmental restoration funds are in place as much as possible in a timely manner.
On June 16 and July 1, 2020, the Nanhu District Court prosecuted 14 defendants including Jiamou Company and Bao Mouhua, respectively, for the crime of environmental pollution and the crime of bribery.
The procuratorial organ proposed a lenient sentence for Bao Mouhua and others in accordance with the law, and suggested that the court issue an injunction to the defendants who may be sentenced to probation, prohibiting them from engaging in business related to sewage or hazardous waste disposal during the probation period of probation. Activity.
On July 22, 2021, the court sentenced Jiamou Company to a fine of 10.1 million yuan for the crime of environmental pollution and unit bribery, sentenced Bao Mouhua to six years and three months in prison, and fined 1.1 million yuan; Weng Mouquan and others The 13 defendants who committed the crime of environmental pollution were sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment ranging from two years to one year, and fined; some of the defendants' illegal gains were confiscated; some defendants were subject to suspended sentences and a prohibition order was issued.
Bao Mouhua and others did not appeal.
【Typical meaning】
In recent years, chemical enterprises have developed vigorously, and the number of hazardous chemical production enterprises has increased, and the output has increased.
At the same time, the laws and regulations related to hazardous waste are becoming more and more strict. Under the circumstance of fluctuating market demand, enterprises often use subsidies for transfer treatment due to their insufficient ability to digest and reuse them.
For the sake of economic benefits, some hazardous chemical management companies secretly discharge hazardous chemicals directly into rivers and underground, which seriously damages environmental safety.
In judicial practice, due to the loss of key physical evidence in such cases, the large number of persons involved, the long criminal chain, and the concealed means of committing crimes, it has brought great difficulties to investigation and evidence collection and crackdown.
In order to accurately accuse the crime, the procuratorial organ took the initiative to intervene in the investigation, traced the source, found out the criminal chain of the generation, transportation, and dumping of hazardous waste, accurately determined the quantity of hazardous waste, and severely punished those involved in the case according to law.
During the handling of the case, the procuratorial organ treats the defendants differently according to their different positions and roles in the joint crime, and prosecutes the criminal unit in a timely manner.
Emphasizing the prevention of re-offending, proposing an injunction according to the law for those applying for probation; fully interpreting the law and reasoning, prompting those involved in the case to sincerely confess their guilt and repent.
Actively urge the involved units and personnel to pay the environmental damage compensation deposit, and provide sufficient financial guarantee for the subsequent ecological environment restoration.
Chongqing Jumou Environmental Engineering
limited liability company,
The criminal prosecution of Zheng Mouqiang and other 5 people polluting the environment
【Key words】
The consequences of environmental pollution crimes are particularly serious, and the professional team for duty performance is jointly handled.
【gist】
In the judicial practice of environmental pollution crimes, criminal prosecutors and public interest litigation prosecutors perform their duties jointly, proactively issue administrative public interest litigation prosecutorial suggestions, participate in environmental governance and industry rectification, and effectively increase the "advance rate" of public interest litigation involvement.
Environmental pollution crime cases are highly specialized, and there are many problems in the application of laws. Procuratorial organs have set up a professional team for environmental and resource crime prosecutors to give full play to the role of think tanks and effectively improve the overall quality and efficiency of case handling.
【Basic case】
On April 1, 2019, the defendant Zheng Mouqiang initiated the establishment of Chongqing Dazu District Jumou Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Jumou Company). Zheng Mouqiang is the legal representative and manager of the company. The company's business scope is Acquisition, sales, comprehensive treatment of waste tires, etc.
In March 2020, Zheng Mouqiang violated regulations and handed over 33.692 tons of waste fuel oil generated during the company's cracking of waste tires to the defendants Qu Moumou and Zhou Mou, who were not qualified for hazardous waste treatment, at a price of 600 yuan per ton. XX, Ding XX, and Li XX were disposed of.
In order to reduce the disposal cost, Qu Moumou and other 4 people transported the waste fuel oil to Changshou District, Chongqing City, and dumped 17.262 tons of the waste fuel oil into the rainwater well of the Xiaoshixi branch road and discharged it into the Gufo River, a first-class tributary on the left bank of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River; 16.43 tons of waste fuel oil was dumped in the rainwater well of Huanan 2nd Road and discharged into a secondary tributary of the Yangtze River.
The post-ecological environment department carried out emergency treatment and treatment of the secondary tributary for 7 consecutive days by blocking the water flow. A total of 38.77 tons of black oily pollutants were cleaned up, and 2,493 cubic meters of polluted river water was transferred and disposed of.
After identification, the waste fuel oil involved in the case is waste mineral oil containing harmful substances such as benzene and toluene, and belongs to the "National Hazardous Waste List" No. HW08 category of hazardous waste.
After assessment, the quantified amount of ecological and environmental damage in this case is more than 1.11 million yuan.
[Procuratorial performance of duties]
On April 16, 2020, the Public Security Bureau of Changshou District, Chongqing City opened the case for investigation.
In view of the fact that this case is a case of illegal disposal of hazardous waste across administrative divisions, in order to accurately handle the case in accordance with the law, the People's Procuratorate of Yubei District of Chongqing (hereinafter referred to as the Yubei District Court) intervened in the investigation in advance in accordance with the relevant provisions of the city's handling of environmental resource cases. Guide the public security organs to investigate and collect evidence.
Due to the illegal dumping of hazardous waste by Qu Moumou and others, which caused serious pollution to the water bodies of the tributaries of the Yangtze River, the procuratorial organ, after investigation in accordance with the law, issued an administrative public interest litigation procuratorial proposal to the competent authority, the Ecological Environment Bureau of Dazu District, Chongqing City on June 5, urging the conduct of the investigation. The special law enforcement action for hazardous wastes in the Yangtze River has been carried out to rectify the enterprises along the Yangtze River.
On June 17, the Changshou District Public Security Bureau transferred the case to the Yubei District Court for review and prosecution.
In view of the seriousness and complexity of the case, the Yubei District Court requested the Chongqing Municipal People's Procuratorate (hereinafter referred to as the Chongqing Municipal Court) to provide guidance on the problems encountered in the handling of the case.
The Chongqing Municipal People's Court organized a professional criminal inspection team for the city's environmental and resource crime cases to determine whether the subjective intention of the criminal suspect submitted by the Yubei District Court was difficult to identify, and whether the harmful consequences of this case belonged to the "Applicable Laws of the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate for Handling Environmental Pollution Criminal Cases" "Interpretation of Several Issues", Article 3, Paragraph 1, Item (6) stipulated that the "consequences are particularly serious" and other issues, and put forward guiding opinions: First, although Zheng Mouqiang denied that he knew that the cleaning products that were handed over to others were dangerous waste, but as the actual operator and legal representative of Jumou Company, he knew that the environmental impact report prepared by Jumou Company clearly stated that the canned product was hazardous waste and should be treated as hazardous waste, but he did not make enough to check Qu Moumou, etc. In accordance with the duty of care of the person's business license, the hazardous waste is still handed over to Qu Moumou and others for disposal at a price significantly lower than the market price.
Therefore, Zheng Mouqiang should be punished as an accomplice in the crime of environmental pollution.
The second is that the incident occurred in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. In this case, more than 30 tons of hazardous wastes were discharged into the tributaries of the Yangtze River, causing the ecological environment damage of the Yangtze River to exceed 1 million yuan, and the dumped 17.5 million tons of hazardous waste.
The harm caused by 262 tons of waste fuel oil to the water bodies of the tributaries of the Yangtze River can no longer be repaired by manual treatment, which seriously affects the lives and health of people along the coast, and belongs to the situation of "especially serious consequences".
According to the guidance, the Yubei District Court, after consulting with the ecological environment department and the public security organs, put forward supplementary investigation opinions, and guided the public security organs to further improve the evidence system of the whole case.
On October 15, the Yubei District Court filed a public prosecution against Jumou Company and Zheng Mouqiang and other 5 people to the Yubei District Court for the crime of polluting the environment.
On May 19, 2021, the first-instance judgment of the Yubei District Court adopted the prosecution opinions and sentencing recommendations, sentenced the defendant unit and each defendant to the crime of environmental pollution, imposed a fine of 500,000 yuan on the defendant unit Jumou Company, and imposed a fine on the defendant Qu A and Zheng Qiang were sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment ranging from three years and four months to one year and nine months, and a fine.
After the verdict was pronounced, Zheng Mouqiang refused to accept the verdict and appealed.
On August 4, 2021, the Chongqing No. 1 Intermediate People's Court ruled to reject the appeal and upheld the original judgment.
【Typical meaning】
The environmental pollution cases in the Yangtze River Basin are characterized by the difficulty of determining the scope of pollution, the difficulty in checking the defendant's subjective fault, and the difficulty in determining the consequences of the crime are particularly serious.
The procuratorial organs grasped the direction of procuratorial reform across administrative divisions, and promoted the implementation of the three-in-one work of criminal accountability, public interest litigation and industry governance through the double investigation of the "criminal + public interest litigation" case.
During the work, the procuratorial organs continued to explore and practice the integrated operation mode of "litigation, research and education" of the criminal prosecution professional team, and formed a professional case handling team composed of business backbones, professionals and pacesetters, which effectively strengthened the professional ability of environmental resource crime prosecution. In construction, by giving full play to the role of "vanguard" and "think tank", we will work together to solve difficult problems in environmental and resource crime cases, accurately determine the facts of the crime and criminal responsibility, and help the protection of the ecological environment in the Yangtze River Basin.
3 people including Liao Mougui, Yibin City, Sichuan Province
Illegal Mining Criminal Prosecution
【Key words】
Illegal mining, sand mining in the Yangtze River, guided investigation and repair first
【gist】
The crime of illegal mining of river sand is mostly characterized by concealment, lack of objective evidence, and difficulty in identifying the loss of mineral resources.
For cases in which the public security organs are invited to intervene in the investigation, the procuratorial organs will guide the investigation, dig deep, and implement precise crackdowns on the crime.
In order to avoid new losses to the public interest caused by too long litigation time, in the second instance stage of the criminal case, the appellant has no objection to the performance of the ecological restoration compensation liability and has paid the compensation, and can carry out environmental restoration if necessary.
【Basic case】
In 2015, Yibin City, Sichuan Province issued a ban. From July that year to July 2019, sand mining was prohibited in the 91-kilometer section of the Yangtze River in Yibin.
From March 2018 to February 2019, the defendant, Liao Mougui, knew the above prohibition and did not obtain a sand mining license, but still together with the defendant Wu Moujun, under the cover of the construction of the bulk cargo terminal and the dredging of the port basin, prohibited mining in the Yangtze River. On the side of the Yangtze River opposite the bulk cargo terminal of Duan Yibin Port, illegally excavated 21,923.14 cubic meters of sand and gravel, worth 761,851 yuan; together with the defendant Lu Mougang, illegally dug and dug mud and mud by the Yangtze River downstream of the bulk cargo terminal of Yibin Port in the section where mining was prohibited on the Yangtze River. 2,119 tons of stone and 10,966.15 tons of yellow sand, worth a total of 244,732.55 yuan.
[Procuratorial performance of duties]
On March 29, 2019, the Luzhou Branch of the Changjiang Shipping Public Security Bureau (hereinafter referred to as the Changjiang Shipping Luzhou Branch) received reports from the public and filed a case for investigation.
The public security organs found that although sand mining was prohibited at the crime site, it was within the scope of the Yibin Port project under construction. As the project contractors, it was doubtful whether Liao Mougui and Lu Mougang’s actions of digging mud and sand and sand were illegal mining.
To this end, the Luzhou Branch of Changhang Airlines invited the People's Procuratorate of Cuiping District, Yibin City, Sichuan Province (hereinafter referred to as the Cuiping District Court) to intervene in the investigation.
By reviewing the construction contract and drawings, the case-handling prosecutor went to the site to check, and guided the investigators to further collect evidence from the time of the project, the location of the crime site, and the provisions of the contract, consolidating that Liao Mougui and Lu Mougang were suspected of illegal mining crimes the evidence base.
At the same time, prosecutors found subtle differences in how different workers described dig sites.
In order to accurately determine the facts of the case, the prosecutor and investigators conducted an on-site inspection and found that Liao Mougui had another illegal mining site opposite the bulk cargo terminal that had been submerged by the river due to rising water levels.
In response to the newly discovered criminal facts, the prosecutor proposed to strengthen on-site identification, fix on-site evidence and other supplementary investigative opinions.
Given that the incident occurred in the core area of the National Nature Reserve for Rare Fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the Cuiping District Court suggested that the public security organs carry out identification of biological resources and ecological value damage to accurately assess the harmful consequences of the behavior.
The public security organs adopted all the opinions of the procuratorial organs.
In November 2019, Liao Mougui, Wu Moujun and Lu Mougang surrendered to the public security organs under pressure.
On February 14, 2020, the public security organs transferred the case of Liao Mougui and other three suspected of illegal mining to the Cuiping District Court for review and prosecution.
After the procuratorate's interpretation and reasoning, Liao Mougui and others took the initiative to pay fees for mineral resource loss, ecological restoration, expert investigation and evaluation, totaling 1.01 million yuan; Lu Mougang signed the affidavit of guilt and punishment.
On July 28, the Cuiping District Court filed a criminal incidental civil public interest lawsuit with the Cuiping District Court.
On December 29, 2020, the Cuiping District Court convicted Liao Mougui and other 3 people of illegal mining in the first instance. Among them, Liao Mougui and Wu Moujun had particularly serious circumstances and should be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years; Lu Mougang The circumstances are serious and should be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years in accordance with the law. In view of the fact that the three defendants have surrendered themselves and fully fulfilled the attached civil public interest litigation claims, the court has reduced the punishment to Liao Mougui and Wu Moujun, and gave a lighter punishment to Lu Mougang. Liao Mougui was sentenced to two years in prison and a fine of 100,000 yuan; Wu Moujun was sentenced to one year and six months in prison, suspended for three years, and fined 30,000 yuan; Lu Mougang was sentenced to one year and three years suspended. And a fine of 20,000 yuan; confiscation of Liao Mougui's illegal income of 20,000 yuan.
After the sentence was pronounced, the defendant, Liao Mougui, appealed on the grounds that the sentence was too severe.
In view of the fact that it has been two years since the incident occurred, it will take some time to wait for the judgment of the second instance. The slopes of the two large pits formed by illegal sand and gravel excavation on the riverbed are unstable and may collapse at any time. The safety of life and property of the people poses a great threat.
In order to prevent secondary disasters, the Cuiping District Court held a symposium with the court, the Natural Resources and Planning Bureau and other units, and decided to repair and backfill the damaged river.
The participating units reached an unanimous opinion on the ecological restoration plan, and decided to refer to the relevant provisions of the Civil Procedure Law to entrust a qualified enterprise to restore the damaged river channel immediately, and pay the construction party the fee after the judgment takes effect.
After the completion of the construction, the procuratorate and the court reviewed the project acceptance report.
After the restoration, the anti-scour ability of the river has been greatly improved, effectively ensuring the safety of shipping and the safety of life and property of the nearby people.
On April 12, 2021, the Yibin Intermediate People's Court ruled to reject Liao Mougui's appeal and upheld the original judgment.
After the judgment came into effect, the Cuiping District Court issued procuratorial suggestions to Shaping Sub-district Office, Yibin Natural Resources and Planning Bureau Sanjiang New District Branch, and Yibin City Sanjiang New District Urban-Rural Integration Development Bureau on the problems exposed by the case, requesting that more attention be paid to mass reporting. , improve the ability to detect illegal acts in a timely manner; strengthen daily inspections; formulate plans to further restore the ecology of the rivers involved.
After receiving the procuratorial suggestion, the three units immediately carried out rectification as required.
【Typical meaning】
In recent years, the price of river sand in the Yangtze River has continued to rise, and some criminals have taken advantage of regulatory loopholes to loot sand and gravel wildly.
In practice, the criminal cases of illegal mining of river sand generally have problems such as the relative lack of objective evidence, the weak overall probative power of the evidence, and the difficulty in value identification.
At the request of the public security organs, the procuratorial organs intervene in the investigation of such cases, not only providing opinions and suggestions on the characterization of the case, evidence collection, etc., but also finding suspicious points in the evidence during the review. timely.
Illicit and indiscriminate mining of Yangtze River sand is a serious damage to land and resources, which not only affects the ecology of the Yangtze River, but also affects the safety of waterways and flood control.
In order to avoid irreversible losses to the public interest, before the end of the second-instance criminal proceedings, the procuratorial organs urged the relevant departments to repair the damaged rivers first, on the premise that the compensator had no objection to the compensation for ecological damage, which was conducive to preventing losses. Further expansion can also avoid new losses to the public interest caused by excessive litigation time.
17 people including Ma Moukun, Kunming City, Yunnan Province
Illegal mining by evil forces and criminal groups
criminal prosecution
【Key words】
Illegal mining evil forces and criminal groups guide investigation and comprehensive management
【gist】
The field of natural resources is a key area for underworld forces to intervene.
When handling illegal mining cases, the procuratorial organs pay attention to the parallel research and judgment of the cases, and timely discover the criminal clues of the underworld forces associated with the illegal mining cases. Through guided investigations and self-supplementary investigations, the difficulty in obtaining evidence, the difficulty of characterization, the amount of stolen goods and the degree of environmental damage can be solved. To solve problems such as difficulty in identification, promote the implementation of the work of "opening umbrellas" and "making money", and accurately identify crimes.
At the same time, procuratorial suggestions were issued to relevant departments to promote the government to strengthen the construction of grass-roots organizations, to urge the competent administrative departments to implement industry supervision responsibilities, and to promote the restoration of the ecological environment.
【Basic case】
2011年，被告人马某昆为获取非法利益，在未取得采矿许可证的情况下，组织被告人胡某岗、马某波、马某祥等人在位于滇池西岸的云南省昆明市西山区海口镇桃树居委会白莲水井等地，非法开采磷矿石。经查，马某昆犯罪团伙的非法采矿行为导致当地山体塌方、林地被毁坏、植被被掩埋、基本农田被覆盖，未经处置的矿石中的磷元素渗漏造成地下水和下游河道污染，严重损害生态环境。经鉴定，马某昆等人非法开采的磷矿石价值2731万余元。2016年11月23日，马某昆、马某波等人在海口镇曹家沟非法开采磷矿石时，遭到村民阻止。后马某昆等人与村民发生冲突，造成两名村民轻微伤。此外，马某昆等人还犯有强迫交易罪、破坏生产经营罪；时任桃树居委会书记的被告人年某学、副主任被告人刘某辉、李某芬等5人犯有包庇罪。
【检察履职情况】
2018年6月25日，云南省昆明市公安局西山分局立案后，商请云南省昆明市西山区人民检察院(以下简称西山区院)介入侦查。西山区院对马某昆、胡某岗、黄某等10余人先后实施的多起案件进行串并研究，认为该团伙可能涉嫌恶势力犯罪，遂与公安机关就进一步完善证据和取证方向，提出意见建议。7月26日，西山公安分局提请西山区院批准逮捕马某昆等人。西山区院依法作出批准逮捕决定的同时，针对犯罪团伙组织架构证据收集不全面，非法采矿导致的农用地损毁面积、植被破坏数量不准确，非法采矿行为是否造成水土流失、水土污染的危害后果不明确等问题，提出50余条继续补充侦查的意见。11月21日，公安机关将案件移送审查起诉。西山区院审查认为，马某昆、胡某岗以共同实施非法采矿为目的，以公司名义，长期纠集多人实施违法犯罪，设置固定人员专门滋扰、打击阻碍其非法采矿的人，团伙内部形成了较固定的管理层级，该犯罪组织符合法律对犯罪集团的规定，应当认定为犯罪集团。此外，该犯罪团伙长期盘踞在海口矿区，利用非法采矿获取的非法收入支持组织活动，维护组织稳定；为抢占矿产资源，多次殴打他人甚至替人行凶，强迫交易、干扰破坏他人正常生活和生产经营，威胁他人向公安机关作伪证，同时伴有恶意拖欠挖机租金、随意打骂他人等为非作恶，欺压百姓的违法行为；行为表现出暴力与软暴力结合，违法行为与犯罪行为共生的特点，该犯罪集团属于“恶势力犯罪集团”。西山区院审查中还注意到，司法会计鉴定出的销赃数额存在误差。通过多次走访行业专家，和鉴定人进行沟通，引导公安机关进一步补充收集了相关书证和证人证言，西山区院对司法会计鉴定的依据作了进一步充实完善。重新鉴定后的销赃金额由原来的110万元提高至700余万元。针对公安机关将马某昆等人在非法采矿中将两名村民打成轻微伤的行为认定为寻衅滋事罪，可能存在定性错误的问题，西山区院邀请专家学者研究论证，以该行为并非孤立的逞凶斗狠、随意殴打他人，而是在非法采矿过程中为争抢资源产生的危害后果为由，将罪名由“寻衅滋事罪”改变为“非法采矿罪”，并与公安机关达成共识。为加快案件办理，西山区院同步开展自行补充侦查，组织环评专家、收集周边住户的证言、委托上级检察院技术中心对现场进行勘验、比对盗采前后的卫星图片，对农用地、植被等环境资源毁坏面积、数量、程度等进行了认真核实，进一步完善了该团伙犯罪行为造成生态环境损害的证据。通过上述工作，最终补充案卷20册；将指控的未销售矿石(堆)从1个增加到4个，全部指控金额从90万元增加到2700余万元，并揪出为恶势力集团充当“保护伞”、构成包庇罪的5名公职人员。12月10日，西山区院以马某昆等17人分别构成非法采矿罪、破坏生产经营罪、强迫交易罪、包庇罪，向西山区法院提起公诉。
2018年12月28日，法院判决认定马某昆等恶势力犯罪集团犯非法采矿罪、强迫交易罪、破坏生产经营罪、包庇罪，分别判处马某昆等17人有期徒刑十年六个月至六个月不等，并处罚金，追缴磷矿石12.6万吨，追缴违法所得743万余元。马某昆、马某祥等8名被告人不服，提出上诉，后马某祥撤回上诉。2019年3月26日，昆明市中级人民法院二审裁定驳回马某昆等7人的上诉，维持原判。
针对本案暴露出的基层组织存在的腐败现象及行业主管部门监管不到位等问题，西山区院分别向昆明市国土资源局西山分局、海口街道办通报了相关问题，提出加强国土部门巡查监管、加强街道办对居委会监督指导的检察建议，并到发案街道开展预防犯罪法治宣讲。两家单位收到检察建议后，立即采取整改措施。海口街道办重新任命了涉案居委会党总支书记，对辖区全体干部、人员开展常态化法治教育和廉洁教育。西山国土分局5次组织召开专题会议，研究解决案件暴露出的监管漏洞，组建了一支由100人组成的巡查队；新装了21个监控探头，实现了对西山区滇池流域和其他重点区域24小时的视频监控；补植树木6380棵，播撒草籽120公斤，恢复植被面积46.07亩，补植复绿效果明显。2020年6月，西山区院生态文明巡回检察室在西山国土分局挂牌成立，进一步加强了行政执法与刑事司法的协作配合。
【典型意义】
滇池是金沙江流域中段的重要湖泊，是金沙江流域治理的重要组成部分。恶势力插手介入滇池流域矿产资源的开采，不仅破坏了当地良好的自然生态环境，还扰乱了社会治安和行业经济秩序，影响了人民群众的安全感和幸福感。为依法惩治“矿霸”违法犯罪及其“保护伞”，检察机关一方面高度关注非法采矿等犯罪中伴生的恶势力犯罪，及时发现、准确定性，另一方面通过实质性引导侦查和自行补充侦查，发现并及时解决案件定性、司法鉴定等问题，为依法指控犯罪奠定坚实基础。为彻底铲除恶势力的滋生土壤，结合案件溯根源、查原因，协助党委政府推动解决行业管理漏洞、基层组织软弱涣散等问题，做好了以案促改“后半篇文章”。
上海市崇明区人民检察院督促保护
北长江口水域生态资源
行政公益诉讼案
【关键词】
行政公益诉讼诉前程序 非法采砂 跨区域多部门协作
【要旨】
检察机关针对长江入海口两省(市)交界位置非法采砂破坏环境资源行为涉及多个监管部门问题，向承担主要监管职责部门发出检察建议，同步推动其他相关部门加强执法衔接和协作，形成监管闭环和长效机，保护长江生态资源安全。
【基本案情】
长江B7浮位于上海市与江苏省交界的入海口水域，砂石资源丰富，且水情复杂、港汊较多，便于非法采砂船舶藏匿。多年来，该水域已成为非法采砂行为人在长江水域盗采砂石的主要据点，非法采砂问题突出。
【调查和督促履职】
2021年9月，江苏省如皋市人民法院办理长江B7浮非法采砂刑事案件时发现公益诉讼线索移送至上海市人民检察院(以下简称上海市院)，上海市院指定上海市崇明区人民检察院(以下简称崇明区院)管辖。
崇明区院通过现场调查、调取卷宗、询问证人等方式查明了相关违法事实。调查发现，该案违法行为发生地水域长江B7浮位于沪苏交界处的长江入海口，既涉及跨省监管问题又涉及跨河流和海洋监管部门的确定问题。为查明该案具有法定监管职责的行政机关，崇明区院走访了崇明海事局、水务局、规划和自然资源局、民政局等相关行政机关，明确了长江B7浮水域非法采砂行为的主要监管部门是崇明区水务局，多个相关行政部门负有部分监管职责。崇明区院对该水域的行政监管情况进行调查，发现崇明区水务局未能依法履行监管职责，执法设备薄弱，未与江苏省在该水域形成有效执法衔接，导致长江B7浮水域非法采砂活动屡禁不止。
10月21日，崇明区院向崇明区水务局发出检察建议，建议其加大查处长江B7浮及附近水域非法采砂行为力度，形成长效监管机制并加强与江苏省相关部门的联动协作。崇明区水务局在收到检察建议后，立即加强巡查执法，加大对“三无”采砂船、运砂船的打击力度，并申请资金在长江B7浮水域建设远程视频监控设备，以对该水域全天候持续监控。同时，强化对沪苏交界重点河段、敏感水域的日常监管和联合执法，预防长江水域非法采砂行为。11月26日，崇明区院联合相关行政机关对长江B7浮及附近水域开展回头看和执法巡查，现场未发现可疑船只，水域情况正常。
在个案办理取得成效的基础上，崇明区院依托北长江口检察协作办公室，联合崇明区水务局、江苏省南通市海门区人民检察院、海门区水利局、长航公安上海分局、崇明海事局等六部门，共同会签了北长江口生态资源保护工作备忘录，实现对长江B7浮及附近水域“行政执法+刑事司法+公益诉讼”闭环监管，推动两地行政执法机关、公安机关、检察机关对北长江口水域同步同频保护。
【典型意义】
长江B7浮位于沪苏交界处的长江入海口，属于长江水产种质资源保护区，紧邻东风西沙水源地。针对该水域非法采砂行为长期多发的问题，检察机关厘清各相关部门的监管职责，找准监管不力的主要症结，针对性地开展公益诉讼监督。一方面督促具有监管职责的行政机关积极履职，另一方面推动北长江口左右岸检察、水务、海事多方跨区划、跨部门协作，实现对长江B7浮水域非法采砂行为闭环监管，为长江流域非法采砂治理提供了有益样本。
江苏省苏州市检察机关督促保护
大运河、太浦河流域生态环境
行政公益诉讼系列案
【关键词】
行政公益诉讼诉前程序 水污染综合治理 一体化办案 跨区划协作
【要旨】
针对流域水污染治理问题，检察机关可通过一体化办案机制，在线索移送、调查取证、督促整治等方面加强跨区划协作，形成协同共治合力，促进水污染综合治理。
【基本案情】
京杭大运河、太浦河、頔塘河、苏申外港线等是流经长三角一体化示范区的主要河道，是江浙沪区域重要水线。该区域航运发达、码头密布，存在不同程度的废水直排、泥浆偷倒、扬尘污染、违法建设等问题。卫星遥感监测显示，位于江苏省苏州市吴江区的平望镇梅堰工业集中区、同里镇邱舍工业区、汾湖湾318国道南、京杭大运河北段水体悬浮物浓度偏高。
【调查核实和督促履职】
2021年6月，最高人民检察院将卫星遥感监测发现大运河、太浦河流域4条水环境问题线索交办江苏省人民检察院，后转至苏州市人民检察院(以下简称苏州市院)办理。由于问题线索跨区域多、涉及面广、成因复杂，苏州市院整合全市检察精干力量组建工作专班，下辖4个办案组分别制定工作方案，统筹跨区划线索管理，协同推进案件办理。
办案组与行政职能部门加强联动，通过共同巡河、现场走访，运用公益诉讼快速检测技术，无人机(船)、水下机器人等发现码头散乱污、渣土偷倒、违法建筑等50多个问题。调查中还发现，吴江区内一处“飞地”长期权属不清，企业违法乱建、违规排污严重。经综合分析认定，通航扰动底泥释放颗粒物、沿岸码头泥浆水入河、沿岸生产或生活废水直排等是造成涉案水域浊度偏高的共性原因。
2021年7月，苏州市院经研判后，指导下属检察机关针对不同线索分别启动行政或民事公益诉讼程序，同时将辖区外相关问题线索根据协作机制移送属地检察机关协同治理，共同推动问题整改和流域综合治理：
1.由苏州市吴江区人民检察院(以下简称吴江区院)向具有重点问题的乡镇政府制发检察建议8份。发挥“河(湖)长+检察长”协作机制作用，促使政府高度重视，推动生态环境、交通运输、水务、自然资源等部门对河道沿岸55家企业逐一开展执法检查，关停取缔散乱污企业26家，拆除21家企业违法建筑136400平方米，补办企业环评手续和涉水许可证17家，改造提升标准化码头10个，修复市政管网10处。针对问题企业，吴江区院立案民事公益诉讼4起，经公开听证督促3家环境违法企业支付损害赔偿金3万余元，1家环境违法企业通过增殖放流放生鱼苗6000余尾，对环境实施了替代性修复。
2.指定苏州市吴中区人民检察院(以下简称吴中区院)对吴江区“飞地”问题线索开展监督。吴中区院向属地街道和交通运输、生态环境、水务等职能部门制发检察建议4份，督促其责令“飞地”上违建排污企业全部停产整改，并推动以上部门启动地块确权以及规划利用事项，推动大运河码头规范治理。
3.由吴江区院根据环太湖流域、大运河流域、长三角生态环境公益诉讼协作机制，将相关水污染问题线索移送浙、沪属地检察机关，上下游联合水质检测，共享数据，统一监管标准，联动一体化综合治理。浙江嘉善、上海青浦等地检察机关发出检察建议14份，推动涉饮用水水源保护、偷排污水、岸线堆放垃圾等问题整改。
截至2021年11月，4个问题线索区域水体悬浮物浓度日均值整体呈下降趋势，均已达到Ⅲ类水质标准。
【典型意义】
长三角生态环境保护事关长江经济带高质量发展。针对水体污染，检察机关实行上下联动一体化办案，整合办案力量；运用跨区划协作机制，坚持线索跨区划移送、调查跨区划协作、公开听证等调动多方力量。在具体的办案中，基层检察机关启动行政公益诉讼和民事公益诉讼，运用卫星遥感、无人机(船)等查明污染原因，实现多种手段并用、相联区域同行、河湖两岸同治，推动案件有效办理。
安徽省滁州市检察机关
督促整治跨区域固体危险废物污染
行政公益诉讼案
【关键词】
行政公益诉讼 危险废物污染 一体化办案 公开听证
【要旨】
针对跨区域危险废物污染案件，污染责任人无法及时处理危险废物污染导致公共利益持续受损的情况下，检察机关采取一体化办案机制，启动行政公益诉讼程序，督促相关行政机关依法履职，及时遏制污染持续扩大，有效保护生态环境。
【基本案情】
2020年5月起，安徽省滁州市邦某化工科技有限公司(以下简称邦某化工)无危险废物处置资质，未经环保审批，从安徽省铜陵市、淮北市等地接收硫膏4000余吨，在其位于滁州市南谯区、全椒县的厂房内外堆放。堆放地距离村庄两百米左右，且地面未硬化、部分硫膏无覆盖露天堆放，雨季来临致使硫膏产生淋溶液流出厂外，造成周边水塘、农田污染，对周边群众生产生活造成严重影响。经鉴定，涉案硫膏系危险废物。2020年8月10日，非法贮存硫膏行为人被刑事立案侦查，2021年5月被提起公诉。
【调查和督促履职】
2020年9月30日，安徽省人民检察院对此案挂牌督办并于10月30日将线索交由滁州市人民检察院(以下简称滁州市院)办理，滁州市院接到线索经初步研判后，采取市院统筹指导，属地院分别立案的工作模式，指定污染所在地的全椒县人民检察院(以下简称全椒县院)、滁州市南谯区人民检察院(以下简称南谯区院)分别立案管辖。
经查，涉案硫膏贮存场所未设置危险废物识别标志，贮存厂房现状起不到防扬散、防流失、防渗透作用。非法贮存硫膏行为人已被刑事羁押，而滁州市生态环境局及滁州市全椒县生态环境局分局(以下简称全椒分局)未能依法处置涉案危险废物，导致硫膏逸散持续污染生态环境。
11月10日，南谯区院、全椒县院分别向滁州市生态环境局、全椒分局发出检察建议，督促两单位采取有效措施处置涉案危险废物，避免生态环境持续受损。11月底及12月初，检察机关收到两单位回复后进行“回头看”，发现涉案危险废物并未得到妥善处置，污染损害仍在持续。
【诉讼过程】
2021年2月8日，全椒县院、南谯区院分别向全椒县人民法院、滁州市南谯区人民法院提起行政公益诉讼，以全椒分局、滁州市生态环境局为被告请求确认其对涉案危险废物怠于履行监督管理职责的行为违法；判令其依法履行监督管理职责，将涉案危险废物依法处置。
起诉后，滁州市生态环境局在检察机关、公安机关见证和公证部门公证下，将涉案硫膏全部规范、安全转移至危险固体废物仓库予以暂存，设置警示标识，消除了露天堆放进一步污染可能；启动生态环境损害评估；与有危险废物处置资质单位签订委托处置合同，进行规范处置；同时走访淮北市、铜陵市生产危废源头企业，落实企业的相关责任。
5月8日，全椒县院召开全椒分局对涉案硫膏依法履职情况审查听证会，县人大代表、专家等听证员在考量硫膏已妥善处置，且涉案企业在全椒分局的监管下已支付150余万元生态修复费、约30万元周边群众损失赔偿费等因素后，同意对全椒分局终结行政公益诉讼。县法院于2021年5月18日裁定终结诉讼。
南谯区院在确定硫膏已全部规范贮存处置、邦某化工已与生态环境部门就生态修复费达成协议并支付危废处置资金480万元，公益目的已经实现后，向滁州市南谯区人民法院提出终结行政公益诉讼。区法院于2021年10月28日裁定终结诉讼。
【典型意义】
危险废物污染环境公益诉讼案件中，检察机关践行恢复性司法理念，督促行政机关及时处置危险废物，防止污染问题的持续扩大，以实现最佳的办案效果。本案中，检察机关着眼最大限度降低对环境造成的损伤，发挥一体化办案优势，在行政机关未有效履职的情况，坚决提起行政公益诉讼，同时坚持内外协作联动，督促行政机关规范、科学、及时处置危险废物，最大限度实现公益保护目的。
湖北省沙洋县人民检察院督促保护
叶家大港水环境行政公益诉讼案
【关键词】
行政公益诉讼 水体污染综合治理 跨区划协作
【要旨】
检察机关办理跨流域、跨区域环境污染公益诉讼案件过程中，可以发挥跨区划协作机制作用，克服线索获取、调查取证、诉讼支持等方面的困难，凝聚办案合力，助推水体污染综合治理。
【基本案情】
湖北省荆门市沙洋县纪山镇砖桥渠上游为钱家湾水库，下游连接叶家大港，流入龙会桥河后经长湖汇入长江。叶家大港位于湖北省两市交界处，分上下两部，上部位于荆门市沙洋县境内，下部位于荆州市荆州区境内。自2018年9月起，叶家大港流入荆州市断面水体呈泡沫状，散发恶臭，水质长期处于劣Ⅴ类。
【调查和督促履职】
2020年3月17日，湖北省荆州市人民检察院(以下简称荆州市院)根据长湖流域公益诉讼协作机制，将沙洋县纪山镇郭店村工业园非法排污污染叶家大港上部水体案件线索移送至湖北省荆门市人民检察院(以下简称荆门市院)，后转至湖北省沙洋县人民检察院(以下简称沙洋县院)办理。沙洋县院立案后开展调查，检测砖桥渠至叶家大港上部水质确为劣Ⅴ类，但不是由纪山镇郭店村工业园内企业排放所致，而是由砖桥渠岸边之前企业长期排污及两岸村民生活污水直排导致。
6月10日，沙洋县院向沙洋县纪山镇人民政府(以下简称纪山镇政府)发出检察建议，督促该政府采取有效措施对叶家大港的劣质水体予以治理，提升水环境质量。8月初，纪山镇政府回复称已对叶家大港上部采取多项监管治理措施。8月17日，沙洋县院对整改效果进行回访发现，叶家大港水体的水质达标规划尚未制定，整治方案亦未实施，水质仍为劣Ⅴ类，社会公共利益仍在持续受损。
【诉讼过程】
9月7日，沙洋县院依法向湖北省荆门市掇刀区人民法院(以下简称掇刀区法院)提起行政公益诉讼，请求判令纪山镇政府继续履行农村环境综合整治职责，制定砖桥渠和叶家大港上部限期水质达标规划，采取有效措施对砖桥渠和叶家大港上部劣Ⅴ类水质进行整治。
诉讼过程中，纪山镇政府辩称涉案水域污染源并非本镇范围内，无相应监管职责。沙洋县院商请湖北省荆州市荆州区人民检察院(以下简称荆州区院)联系荆州市生态环境局荆州区分局对砖桥渠上游荆州辖区污染源进行调查，并出具《关于川店镇紫荆村太阳村水系分布情况的说明》，明确案涉污染源来自纪山镇。
12月29日，掇刀区法院作出判决，支持沙洋县院全部诉讼请求。判决生效后，纪山镇政府制定了砖桥渠至叶家大港上部环境综合整治方案，并向沙洋县委县政府汇报。沙洋县政府将叶家大港水环境治理纳入沙洋县生态环境补短板工程，总投资340万元。项目于2021年7月完工，共清理、固化被污染的河道4公里，挖走淤泥1000余吨，建设生态浮岛8处共1000平方米用于持续修复被污染的水体，搬迁沿线排污企业2家，沿线厕改1139户，沿线新增2处生活污水处理站、2处工业污水预处理站。
2021年11月，荆门市院、荆州市院、沙洋县院、荆州区院，两地两级检察机关到叶家大港上部对整改情况进行“回头看”。经现场查看及水质检测，叶家大港上部水环境得到明显改善，水质已由劣Ⅴ类提升至Ⅳ类。
【典型意义】
跨区域环境污染案因涉及多地，办理难度大，存在诸多难题。相关检察机关通过建立协作机制，实现案件线索移送、调查取证、判决执行监督等全流程合作，形成办案合力，有利于查明污染来源、明确损害结果、明晰监管责任，助推“老大难”问题解决和水体综合治理。
湖南省长沙铁路运输检察院
督促整治生活垃圾填埋场污染
行政公益诉讼案
【关键词】
行政公益诉讼诉前程序 垃圾填埋场污染 跨区划协作 公开听证
【要旨】
探索铁路运输检察机关跨区划管辖，以突破重点难点案件，同时以公开听证提升检察监督的透明度和社会效应，协同推进长江经济带生态环境治理，守护人民群众美好生活。
【基本案情】
湖南省临湘市城乡生活垃圾填埋场自2013年建成运营以来，一直存在雨水导排沟外高内低、排水不畅问题。2019年8月，为处理库尾积水坑污水，填埋场工作人员使用水泵将污水抽排至垃圾填埋场中部渗滤能力较强的垃圾堆体上，污水自然下渗后通过导排盲沟和渗滤液导排管排入调节池。作业过程中，因抽排时间过长、未控制好抽排量、现场作业疏忽等原因，导致污水从覆盖膜下垃圾堆体表面向外漫溢出至雨水导排沟和路面后流入下游长安河。
2019年8月，生态环境部华南督察局通过垃圾填埋场雨水排口的污染残留发现并确认了污染事实。经检测，排洪沟化学需氧量浓度为870毫克/升、氨氮浓度为248毫克/升，分别超标7.7倍、8.92倍。因该次污染的发生具有偶发性和突然性，影响范围未能得到及时确认，但也暴露出该垃圾填埋场存在较大生态环境污染安全隐患。
【调查和督促履职】
2020年2月，湖南省人民检察院收到最高人民检察院转交的临湘市城乡生活垃圾填埋场污染下游河流案件线索后，指定长沙铁路运输检察院(以下简称长沙铁检院)办理并挂牌督办。
长沙铁检院经初步调查核实，于2020年6月3日以行政公益诉讼立案。在湖南省人民检察院和岳阳市检察机关的协调帮助下，长沙铁检院多次与湖南省发展改革委员会、岳阳市城市管理和综合执法局、岳阳市生态环境局等部门座谈沟通，调阅了有关行政机关监管工作台账、处罚台账和监管工作机制，还前往垃圾填埋场进行实地踏勘，逐一查看重点部位、调阅管理台账、询问有关人员等，查明了污染产生的原因和有关行政机关的履职情况。
2020年9月28日，长沙铁检院向临湘市城市管理和综合执法局(以下简称临湘市城管局)公开送达检察建议，建议其高标准完成生活垃圾填埋场雨污分流系统应急改造，确保隐患整改到位；进一步健全监管工作机制，完善监管措施；积极向党委、政府专题汇报，探索市场化运营模式，提升运营管理专业水平。
临湘市城管局收到检察建议后积极履职，在岳阳市城市管理和综合执法局和临湘市委、市政府的支持下，投入资金2300万元对该生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理系统和雨污分流系统进行提质改造；建立常态化巡查、应急处理等长效监管机制；定期邀请专家培训监管人员；与专业公司合作启动渗滤液系统市场化运营。施工改造工程于2020年7月完工，共完成尾库垃圾整形及封场覆膜约7000㎡，一级坝抽排竖井2个及库区渗滤液导排盲管施工1065米，改造截洪沟3287米，库区雨污分流系统得到有效完善，渗滤液处理能力显著提高。行政机关以此为契机，对全市城乡垃圾填埋场进行了全面系统治理。
2020年11月27日，长沙铁检院就本案举行公开听证会，邀请了人大代表、政协委员、人民监督员、法学专家等多名听证员参与听证。会上，临湘市城管局通报了污染整改和检察建议落实情况。听证员对行政机关敢于纠错的态度、积极整改的效果给予充分肯定。
经审查，长沙铁检院于2020年12月17日作出终结案件决定。
【典型意义】
城乡生活垃圾的治理关乎生态环境安全和民生福祉，是比较常见的治理难题。检察机关根据实际情况，指定铁路运输检察机关进行管辖，较好地发挥了跨区划管辖优势，增强聚合效应；在上级院和属地检察机关的大力支持下，协同推进垃圾处理基础设施系统化建设，并以公开听证引进公众监督，积极打造共建共治共享的社会治理格局。同时，推动当地生活垃圾填埋场污染源头系统性科学治理，共同打造良好的人居环境，使城乡生活垃圾填埋场成为湖南省生活垃圾填埋场整改工作的标杆，成为协同推进生态环境修复和保护的典范。
四川省遂宁市安居区人民检察院
督促治理琼江水体污染
行政公益诉讼案
【关键词】
行政公益诉讼诉前程序 生活污水治理 跨区划协作
【要旨】
检察机关从个案协作中探索建立信息联享、办案联动、平台联建、人才联训等全方位协作机制，推动跨界河湖生态环境资源保护共治。
【基本案情】
四川省遂宁市麻子滩水库位于长江二级支流琼江的上游，下游流经重庆市潼南区。2019年12月，四川省遂宁市安居区中兴镇污水处理厂生物转盘发生故障，致使进入厂内管网的生活污水在未达到处理标准的情况下，直排入麻子滩水库。排污口水体呈灰白色，气味恶臭刺鼻，水库内水体富营养化、含氧量下降，水中生物缺氧死亡，污染已严重危及到琼江流域生态环境安全。
【调查和督促履职】
2019年12月，四川省遂宁市人民检察院收到重庆市潼南区人民检察院(以下简称潼南区院)移送的琼江水域受污染案件线索后，交给四川省遂宁市安居区人民检察院(以下简称安居区院)办理。安居区院于2020年1月立案，通过现场调查、委托检测、走访群众、询问污水处理厂管理人员后查明污染事实。经检测，排污口水体化学需氧量为64.9mg/L、氨氮为21.8mg/L、总磷为5.4mg/L，属超标排放，并查明遂宁市安居区住房和城乡建设局(以下简称区住建局)对区域内污水处理设施运行情况未及时履行监督管理职责。
2020年1月15日，安居区院向区住建局发出检察建议，督促其对中兴镇污水处理厂的污水处理设施运行情况进行有效监管，确保污水处理厂治污设施正常运行、达标排放。区住建局积极履职整改，及时向安居区院回复整改情况。4月，遂宁市人民检察院、安居区院会同区住建局、中兴镇政府回访，确认污水处理厂设备故障已排除、运转正常，出水水质达标并建立健全了相关管理制度。
安居区院、潼南区院、四川省遂宁市船山区人民检察院、四川省遂宁市蓬溪区人民检察院、四川省资阳市安岳县人民检察院签订《涪江、琼江流域生态环境保护公益诉讼检察工作协作意见》，两省(市)五院建立信息资源联享、司法办案联动、协作平台联建、人才培养联训“四联”协作模式，共同开展跨界河湖水污染治理、岸线乱占耕地林地清理、非法捕捞整治等专项监督活动。五院联合巡江11次，针对污水处理厂污水超标排放、岸线垃圾污染、非法捕捞、破坏岸线耕地林地等问题，向相关主管部门发出检察建议32件，督促相关主管部门投入资金2900余万元，进行污染整治，琼江涪江跨界河湖及岸线生态环境得到了有效改善。
【典型意义】
四川省遂宁市安居区与重庆市潼南区位于成渝地区双城经济圈且跨省域江河生态环境保护的重要结合部。两地检察机关围绕成渝地区双城经济圈建设及长江经济带发展等重大国家战略，立足公益诉讼检察职能开展跨界河湖生态环境治理协作，从个案办理延伸至人员交流、类案监督、专项监督，构建成渝地区双城经济圈界河界湖水污染治理监督共同体，提升了监督合力和成效。
贵州省贵阳市白云区人民检察院
督促治理麦架河污染
行政公益诉讼案
【关键词】
行政公益诉讼诉前程序 工业污染治理 系统治理 公开听证
【要旨】
检察机关针对砂石企业在长江流域河道两岸露天开采打砂，导致大量矿石及扬尘掉入长江流域河道，造成河道污染的问题，在依法督促相关行政机关履职整改的同时，推动河道污染专项治理，切实保护水资源安全。
【基本案情】
麦架河系乌江二级支流，流经贵州省贵阳市白云区。河道边建有贵阳神某有限公司马堰石灰岩矿石厂(以下简称矿石厂)。该厂在露天开采打砂过程中，未采取任何防护措施，甚至直接使用大型机器跨河悬空操作，大量矿石及扬尘落入河中，污染了麦架河水体。
【调查和督促履职】
2019年9月，因麦架河污染严重，被最高人民检察院挂牌督办，案件线索层转至贵州省贵阳市白云区人民检察院(以下简称白云区院)办理。白云区院经初查于2020年4月1日立案，经现场勘查、走访调查和无人机航拍取证，查明矿石厂污染行为及对麦架河造成的污染情况。
2021年4月10日，白云区院向负有监督管理职责的贵阳市生态环境局白云区分局(以下简称白云分局)发出检察建议，督促其依法及时履职，并以点带面对矿山矿石行业系统排查治理。
白云分局收到检察建议后高度重视，成立了由白云分局、区自然资源局、区农业农村局等相关行政部门组成的麦架河河道污染整改工作组，制定工作方案责令企业整改。矿石厂投资约1000万元，对厂区范围以外河岸约20亩土地进行生态修复；对河道内的散落砂石进行清理，修建约236米隔离设施(围墙)，防止生产厂区砂石进入河道；对原生产场地内生产设备及跨河道生产设备进行拆除；安装企业办公区域一体化生活污水处理设施，对河道两边的道路进行硬化；修建约4000平方米扬尘大棚、喷淋等防尘配套设施。整改工作完成情况已通过专家验收，矿石厂露天开采污染麦架河河道水体问题得到有效解决。
为确保麦架河河道水体污染问题得到彻底根治，白云分局、区自然资源局还对辖区内8家矿石矿山企业开展全面排查，依法督促7家企业对未采取防尘、降尘等防护措施，露天开采打砂，扬尘污染等问题进行全面整改，有效推进河道污染专项治理。
5月8日，白云区院召开矿石厂露天采矿污染麦架河河道水体案办案效果公开听证会，邀请区人大代表、区政协委员、人民监督员、白云分局以及相关行政部门代表到会听证。会上听证员充分肯定了此案的办案效果，一致认可麦架河水质得到明显改善。
为巩固办案成效，白云区院依托“河长+检察长”机制，与白云分局、区综合行政执法局、区农业农村局等相关行政部门建立定期巡河机制，持续跟进监督麦架河水域的保护和综合治理。
【典型意义】
河流水系旁矿石矿山企业造成的工业污染往往不是一个企业的问题，多是全行业共同的污染问题。检察机关在治理水系污染中，以点带面的对整个行业进行督促整改，促进系统化治理；在案件整改后及时进行公开听证，提高社会公信力；依托“河长＋检察长”协同职能部门建立长效巡河机制，巩固整改成效，保障河流水系得到持续长效综合保护。
江西省新干县人民检察院
督促支持生态环境部门
开展生态环境损害赔偿磋商案
【关键词】
生态环境损害赔偿磋商 危险废物污染 认罪认罚认赔
【要旨】
针对跨省非法转移处置危险废物造成环境污染案件，检察机关在追究违法行为人刑事责任的同时，应当主动做好检察公益诉讼与生态环境损害赔偿的衔接，结合认罪认罚从宽制度，引导违法行为人自愿承担生态修复赔偿责任。
【基本案情】
2019年6月至12月，张某某等人为谋取非法利益，在不具备危险废物处置资质的情况下，将浙江海宁某能源有限公司、安徽省池州市某电子有限公司等产生的工业废酸5100余吨，交由未取得处置废酸资质的江西峡江某贸易有限公司(以下简称峡江某贸易公司)非法处置，该公司法定代表人陈某平伙同他人用石灰简单中和上述废酸后，直接排出厂区向赣江重要支流沂江和周边农田排放，造成农田土壤严重污染，并导致沂江河内的鱼和养殖的小龙虾大面积死亡。
【调查和督促履职】
2020年8月6日，江西省新干县人民检察院(以下简称新干县院)在履职中发现沂江河东湖桥污染线索，遂与县生态环境局和县农业农村局同步进行沟通协商。县生态环境局、县农业农村局依法开展调查，及时将留存在峡江某贸易公司内的污泥296.1吨、废液20.5吨就地集中封存，并将该线索移送至公安机关立案侦查。新干县院提前介入侦查，引导公安机关围绕违法行为造成的环境损害后果开展调查取证、委托鉴定等工作。经鉴定，该废液具有腐蚀性、危险性，其所含氟化物、铅、砷具有浸出毒性的危险特性。本案中造成生态环境损害价值2423万元、造成渔业直接经济损失30.9万元、受损河段环境修复费29万元、峡江某贸易公司内剩余的废渣、废液处置费190.3万元，合计2673.4万元。
因江西省吉安市辖区内涉赣江流域环境资源集中管辖法院为峡江县人民法院，新干县院将刑事案件移送江西省峡江县人民检察院(以下简称峡江县院)审查起诉。根据《吉安市生态环境损害赔偿制度改革实施方案》，新干县院主动联系并督促县生态环境局、县农业农村局等部门开展生态环境损害磋商工作，同时做好生态环境损害赔偿与认罪认罚从宽制度的有效衔接。经多次磋商，2021年8月17日，张某某配偶作为赔偿义务人的代理人签订《生态环境损害赔偿协议》，同意承担渔业资源费、生态环境修复费、鉴定费等共计2682.4万元。10月26日，张某某签署认罪认罚具结书。同日，峡江县院向峡江县人民法院提交量刑建议调整书，建议量刑调整为判处被告人张某某有期徒刑两年零八个月，并处罚金十万元。目前生态环境修复款等费用已全部缴纳到位。
【典型意义】
This case is a useful exploration of the connection and cooperation between the public interest litigation procuratorate and the ecological environment damage compensation system.
The procuratorial organs have given full play to the supervision and support of public interest litigation, promptly notified the relevant administrative organs of clues about damage to the ecological environment discovered in the performance of their duties, and performed their public interest litigation supervision duties by urging and supporting consultations.
On the one hand, the procuratorial organs provide legal support to the ecological environment department to help solve the problems existing in the consultation process in a timely manner. A wide range of important considerations to achieve the unity of crime-fighting and ecological restoration.