When teenagers "occupy" the Internet: how and what to manage [Focus]
Recently, a song "The Lonely Brave" became popular.
This song, which was originally positioned as a popular song, became a children's song because of the singing of elementary school students.
Yang Jing (pseudonym), a parent from Beijing, heard this song for the first time from her daughter in the second grade of primary school.
After careful cross-examination, she learned that her daughter probably learned this song through online channels that she did not master in places such as "Tik Tok on Grandma's mobile phone" and "Internet TV in extracurricular classes".
"I just realized that my child and I may not be in the same online world." Yang Jing said.
"Later, I chatted with a friend about the popularity of this song, and a middle school student's mother told me that this song was 'despised' among middle school students because 'it was heard by elementary school students'."
"It turns out that not only my children's online world is different, but the online world of children at different ages is also different." Yang Jing said helplessly.
According to the "2020 National Research Report on Internet Usage of Minors" released in 2021, in 2020, my country's minor netizens will reach 183 million, and the Internet penetration rate will be 94.9%, an increase of 1.8 percentage points over 2019 and higher than the national average. The Internet penetration rate is 70.4%.
The proportion of primary school students using the Internet for the first time before school reached 33.7%, and it is increasing year by year.
It can be seen that how to use the Internet correctly for young people, and how parents, schools, and society manage and guide young people to access the Internet should become practical problems that all sectors of society need to pay attention to and solve.
Teens are 'occupying' the web
Not long ago, due to the impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, primary and secondary schools in some places switched to online teaching.
Whenever a city issues a school-related notice, it will cause netizens to complain and discuss about "returning to school or not".
When the city in which she lives announced the resumption of classes offline, Zhang Qing (pseudonym) couldn't help expressing her feelings on the Internet: "It's great, it's finally time to return to school." Zhang Qing's child is in the first grade of primary school. Some time ago, her child At home, Zhang Qing, a dual-earner family, "added a lot of pressure", and now she can finally be sent back to school.
After sending this online news, Zhang Qing chatted with some "like-minded" netizens on the Internet for a long time.
Suddenly, the messages pushed to her by the online platform gradually became "seeking reversal", "is it possible not to go back to school", "don't want to go back to school"...
"I think it's very strange, how can any parent not want to go back to school?" After clicking inside, Zhang Qing realized that these posts that did not want to go back to school were all posted by elementary and middle school students themselves.
As soon as they heard the news of returning to school, they were accustomed to living at home and worried about the pressure of study and exams.
"I used to take it for granted that everyone on the Internet was an adult, but when I saw that day, it turned out that so many of the 'friends' and 'sisters' on the Internet were children." Zhang Qing said.
In addition, according to the "Blue Book for Teenagers: Report on Internet Use by Minors in China (2020)", the Internet penetration rate of minors in my country has reached 99.2%, which is much higher than the overall Internet penetration rate of 64.5% in my country. It is the first time for minors to access the Internet The age continues to decrease, and the proportion of people aged 10 and below who have started to access the Internet has reached 78%.
The Internet has had a broad and profound impact on minors in terms of entertainment, learning, and socializing.
This generation of teenagers is a native of the Internet, and it has become a recognized fact. However, how to face, guide, manage and protect such a huge group has become an important topic of concern for many experts and scholars in the education, legal, and Internet fields. .
From July 9th to 10th, at the first Youth Internet Conference held by Beijing Normal University, as the father of a 6-year-old child, Zhang Bin, a senior researcher at Tencent's WeChat Strategy Research Institute, sighed that whenever he saw his child skillfully fiddling with his mobile phone Or tablet computer, when looking for the online content they want to watch, or when opening the app with their parents’ mobile phone and skillfully making video calls with their family members, they all feel deeply what digital natives are.
"This is different from when we were young. Today, children's lives are inseparable from digital tools. I believe that with the current speed of technological development, their future level of digitalization should be beyond our imagination today." Zhang Bin said.
Li Weihong, former vice minister of the Ministry of Education and director of the Ministry of Education's Customs Work Committee, said at the meeting that for the "aboriginal" teenagers in the digital age, while enjoying the various benefits brought by the digital age, they have abundant resources and rapid changes. The digital world also presents many challenges for teenagers.
"In line with the development requirements of the digital age, it is particularly urgent and important to strengthen the education of young people's online literacy, especially the education of technological innovation."
The status quo of Internet literacy among adolescents: high cognitive behavioral ability, low impression management ability
As an important part of the current netizen group that cannot be ignored, how about the Internet literacy of young people?
Recently, the 2022 Youth Network Literacy Survey Report released by the Youth Network Literacy Research Center of the School of Journalism and Communication of Beijing Normal University shows that the overall average score of youth network literacy is 3.56 points (out of 5 points), which is slightly higher than the passing line and needs to be further improved. .
The network value cognition and behavioral ability have the highest score (3.93 points), and the network impression management ability has the lowest score (3.03 points).
Specifically, girls performed relatively well in several dimensions of online attention management ability, online value cognition and behavioral ability.
Boys perform relatively well in the ability to search and utilize online information.
With the increase of grade, the network literacy level of junior high school students and high school students increased respectively, but the lowest level of senior high school students.
The online attention management ability, online value cognition and behavioral literacy decreased with the increase of grades, and the online impression management ability and literacy increased with the increase of grades.
It is worth noting that the report shows that teenagers who spend an average of 1-3 hours a day online have the highest level of internet literacy.
With the increase of online time per day, the online literacy level of adolescents gradually decreased, the online attention management ability, online value cognition and behavioral literacy decreased with the increase of grade, and the online impression management ability and literacy increased with the increase of grade.
In this regard, Fang Zengquan, Secretary of the Party Committee of the School of Journalism and Communication of Beijing Normal University, pointed out, "Empowerment, empowerment, and empowerment are the core concepts of online literacy education for young people. Empowerment is to actively carry out network protection rather than passively carry out network protection; empowerment , Internet literacy education is a kind of ability-building education, so that the Internet can really be used by young people; Fuyi is to carry out network literacy education in a deeper value and meaning, so that the education of socialist core values can be implemented in detail.”
When the Internet has become an inseparable part of young people's daily life, what kind of Internet literacy should they have?
"When we are still talking about the Z era, today's children are already born after 2010 and are in the 'alpha era'. In this intelligent era, children are exploring the online world as soon as they are born." Beijing Normal University Science Dong Yan, vice president of the Education Research Institute, said.
Dong Yan believes that primary school students should have four network literacy from the third grade.
"One is to have a sensitive, sharp and correct awareness of information; the second is computational thinking, don't panic first when encountering problems; the third is the ability to learn and innovate digitally; the fourth is to have the responsibility of the information society."
"Facing the future, every teenager will face three worlds: one world is a real and objective external environment; the second is the constantly enriched Internet world, which is a world of virtual symbols, but I hope it will represent every The inner knowledge system, the inner belief system, and the inner relationship between you and others are constructed by the child through the interaction of the Internet; the third world is the child's mental world, which needs everyone's care. Therefore, we must Let children grow up healthier, stronger, more discriminating, and warmer, so that they can shine and be hot in the future society." Dong Yan said.
Teenagers' online behavior management is not just as simple as "receiving mobile phones"
Nowadays, a scene is very common: two or three-year-old children have already found the cartoon they want to watch by clicking on their mobile phones and tablet computers, but the children's grandparents are holding smart products and can't start.
It is not easy for the older generation of "immigrants" to learn to use the Internet, correctly understand the Internet, and protect themselves in the Internet.
Zhao Hongzhi, deputy secretary-general of the China Cyber Security Association, said that with the development of the digital age, the age of teenagers who have access to the Internet for the first time is getting younger and younger, and cyberspace is an extension of reality. The online world is shifting, and online illegal acts and even criminal acts targeting urban youth are showing greater harm than real violence.
"In recent years, incidents such as telecommunications fraud, bad information influence, personal privacy leakage, and Internet addiction have occurred frequently among young people. Judging from the endless typical incidents, the violation of young people's rights and interests has expanded to cyberspace, with far-reaching impacts." Zhao Hongzhi believes that although my country's network security protection capabilities continue to improve, there are still many gaps in youth network protection. The supervision targets are mostly aimed at the Internet industry, and the responsibilities and norms of families, schools, society and other subjects are not clear, and the Internet industry is still self-disciplined. In the exploratory stage, most of them are crisis public relations actions under pressure from the media and the public, and fail to form unified, effective and long-term sustainable industry standards and norms.
In recent years, both the promulgation of relevant policies and regulations, and the normative measures such as youth online account management and youth mode carried out by major online platforms have all standardized and protected the online behavior and network security of young people to a certain extent.
However, regulating the online behavior of young people and preventing the healthy growth of young people from being violated is not just as simple as relying on technical restrictions such as "receiving mobile phones" and "card time".
In addition to protection and regulation, teenagers also need to establish comprehensive network literacy through guidance and education.
For parents and schools, what is more important is to teach children to distinguish between "fragrant flowers" and "poisonous weeds" in the complex online world.
"How to guide and educate young people may be more important than protection. The root of bad behavior is consciousness. To solve the problem of consciousness must rely on education." said Li Guojie, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a computer expert.
Li Guojie said that many countries are researching content filtering technology, including the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and other institutions are also researching content filtering technology, and now they are getting more and more advanced.
However, no matter how advanced the content filtering technology is, it cannot replace the ability of young people to distinguish between "fragrant flowers" and "poisonous weeds".
"Questioning and criticism are the essence of the scientific spirit, so we must pay attention to cultivating and improving the ability of minors to analyze, judge, and choose and apply information, and let them gradually develop the ability to judge the authenticity and quality of information, so as to fundamentally Prevent minors from being violated by bad information on the Internet." Li Guojie said.
China Youth Daily, China Youth Daily reporter Ye Yuting Source: China Youth Daily