"Honestly, it's a dream come true," Boulter said before leaving Center Court.
"I hope I have a lot more games to play here and (addressing the audience) if I have you behind me, I hope I can go far!"
Pliskova had already been beaten by Boulter last week at Eastbourne.
The Briton had never passed the second round of the Major on grass in her three previous appearances.
This time, at 25, she will face in the 3rd round the Frenchwoman Harmony Tan (115th), who had beaten Serena Williams in the first round and who confirmed by beating the Spaniard Sara Sorribes (45th) 6-3, 6-4 in the second.
© 2022 AFP