The court rules that all Americans have the right to bear arms - even in public, which means that states with restrictive gun laws may have to comply.
In their decision, the judges cracked down on the New York law that required Americans to show a special need to carry a weapon in order to obtain a license to carry one in public.
The judges found that the requirement violated the second amendment to the constitution on "the right to bear and bear arms."
Clarence Thomas, one of the judges, states: "The Constitution protects the individual's right to carry a pistol for self-defense outside the home."
It is the Supreme Court's first major arms decision in more than a decade and comes at the same time as Congress is working to change gun laws after shootings in several states.
President Biden: "Deeply disappointed"
In addition to the city of New York, several of the largest cities in the United States are in states with similar laws - including Los Angeles in California and Boston in Massachusetts - which are expected to be appealed in a similar way.
About a quarter of the U.S. population lives in states that may be affected by the HD ruling.
The verdict comes at a time when gun laws are high on the political agenda in the United States, after several mass shootings such as the school shooting in Uvalde, Texas when 19 students and two teachers were shot dead.
President Joe Biden's government had called on HD judges to vote to uphold New York law.
In a press release after the announcement, he regrets the decision.
"I am deeply disappointed by the decision of the Supreme Court.
This judgment is contrary to both common sense and the Constitution, and should concern us all deeply. "