The ten years of compulsory education:
Balanced development of the county area, allowing more children to "study well"
"207,000 schools, 158 million students, and 10.57 million teachers." At a press conference held by the Ministry of Education on the 21st, the series of figures reported by Lu Yugang, director of the Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education, pointed out that my country's compulsory education The current size of the stage.
The successful implementation of compulsory education is related to the healthy growth of hundreds of millions of children and to the development of the country and the future of the nation.
How to meet the people's good expectations from "learning" to "learning"?
"Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, my country's compulsory education has conscientiously practiced the lofty mission of educating people for the party and the country, taking balanced development as the strategic task, in order to promote fairness and improve Quality is the focus of work, focusing on serving the national strategic needs, focusing on the urgent needs and expectations of the people, constantly improving the policy guarantee system, reforming and innovating, and overcoming difficulties. From 2012 to 2021, my country's compulsory education will be fully popularized on the basis of It only took about 10 years to achieve the basic balanced development of the county, which has become another new milestone in the development history of my country's compulsory education." Lv Yugang concluded.
Consolidate the "two basics", and the "top priority" status of compulsory education is more prominent
In 2011, my country has basically universalized nine-year compulsory education and basically eliminated illiteracy among young and middle-aged people (hereinafter referred to as "two basics").
In this context, in 2012, the State Council issued the "Opinions on Further Promoting the Balanced Development of Compulsory Education", which clearly required that "by 2020, 95% of the counties (cities, districts) in the country will achieve basic balance".
"Because of the limited conditions at that time, the foundation of the 'two basics' in many places was very weak, and there was great pressure to rebound." Tian Zuyin, director of the Education Supervision Bureau of the Ministry of Education, pointed out.
In order to effectively consolidate the achievements of the "two basics", the Ministry of Education earnestly implements the major political task of poverty alleviation, focuses on the guarantee of compulsory education, improves the long-term mechanism for controlling dropouts and guarantees, and strengthens the cross-departmental data comparison and accurate mapping, listing Supervise key areas, do a good job in persuading students to return to school, and ensure that students who drop out of school can be found, persuaded, and retained.
In the past ten years, the achievements of the "two basics" have been effectively consolidated, and the "top priority" status of compulsory education has been further highlighted:
From 2012 to 2021, the national net enrollment rate of primary school-age children will further increase from 99.85% to 99.9%, the gross enrollment rate of junior high school students will remain above 100%, and the nine-year compulsory education consolidation rate will increase from 91.8% to 95.4%;
In 2021, the poverty-stricken students who have been registered in the national compulsory education stage will drop out of school to achieve dynamic clearing.
Especially in the old revolutionary base areas, ethnic areas, remote areas, and poverty-stricken areas in the central and western regions, on the basis of fully realizing the "two basics", the level of universal compulsory education has been further improved;
The special education promotion plan has been implemented continuously to effectively guarantee the equal rights of disabled children and teenagers to receive education. The compulsory education enrollment rate of school-age disabled children exceeds 95%.
In 2021, there will be 920,000 special education students nationwide, an increase of 541,000 or 142.8% over 2012...
Improve the guarantee mechanism, and continuously improve the funding, school running, and teacher conditions
Over the past ten years, compulsory education has continuously improved the guarantee mechanism in terms of the balanced allocation of compulsory education resources and coordinated development of compulsory education. Conditions such as funding, running schools, and teachers have been continuously improved, and the people's sense of happiness has been significantly enhanced.
Adhere to the government's organization of compulsory education, and gradually increase the level of funding guarantee for compulsory education.
In 2015, based on the integration of the rural compulsory education funding guarantee mechanism and the urban compulsory education reward and subsidy policy, the state established a unified urban and rural compulsory education funding guarantee mechanism with a focus on rural areas.
"From 2012 to 2021, the per capita expenditure of primary school students will increase from 7,447 yuan per student to 14,458 yuan per year, and the per capita expenditure of junior high school students will increase from 10,218 yuan to 20,717 yuan per student per year. The unified primary school in the central and western regions is 650 yuan, and the junior high school is 850 yuan; the average public funding subsidy standard for special education students in the compulsory education stage is increased to 7,000 yuan, 8 to 10 times that of ordinary students. 'Two exemptions and one supplement' (exemption from tuition and miscellaneous fees, free Textbooks, living allowances for students from financially disadvantaged families) to achieve full coverage of urban and rural students. Students from financially disadvantaged families basically get all the assistance they need, and priority will be given to students who have established a file, minimum living allowances, support for special hardships, orphans, and disabilities. "Lu Yugang told reporters.
The implementation of major projects has fundamentally improved the school's conditions for running schools.
Through the implementation of major projects such as "comprehensively improving the basic conditions for schools with weak compulsory education in poverty-stricken areas", the central government has invested more than 400 billion yuan in total, driving local investment of more than 1 trillion yuan, focusing on solving the problem of "weak villages and crowded cities" and reducing urban and rural areas. Disparities in school conditions.
Lv Yugang said that at present, the basic conditions for running compulsory education have been significantly improved, and problems such as dilapidated houses and large shops have been basically solved. In particular, the conditions for running schools in many rural areas in the central and western regions have achieved a qualitative leap, and "the best and safest buildings are in schools". recognized.
Adhere to the construction of teaching staff as the basic work.
Over the past ten years, the state has raised the staffing standards for primary and secondary schools, especially rural schools, and implemented urban-rural and regional overall planning and dynamic management.
In the past ten years, the total number of full-time teachers in compulsory education has increased from 9.09 million to 10.57 million, an increase of 1.48 million, and the proportion of teachers with a bachelor's degree or above has increased from 47.6% to 77.7%; at the same time, the supplementary mechanism for teacher training has been improved through the "special post program". , public-funded normal students, retired teaching support and other channels to replenish a large number of high-quality teachers in rural areas in the central and western regions, and establish a teacher exchange and rotation system; through the "national training plan", a total of more than 17 million principal teachers have been trained, which has greatly improved rural principals running schools and running schools. The teaching level of rural teacher education.
Crack the "school choice fever" and make admission opportunities more fair
Over the past ten years, compulsory education has insisted on developing education with the people as the center, and made efforts to solve the hot and difficult issues that the people care about by deepening comprehensive reforms.
"School choice fever" has always been a long-term social hotspot, and it is also a "stumbling block" that has long hindered the realization of education balance.
How to comprehensively manage the persistent problem of "school choice fever"?
Li Mingxin, the principal of Beijing Primary School, said that there is a practical problem that must be solved, that is, to maximize the satisfaction of the people's needs for children to enjoy high-quality education.
The exploration of group-based school-running came into being under this background.
According to Li Mingxin, in 2011, Beijing Primary School took the lead in establishing the city's first education group formed by a public school, and began a beneficial exploration of group-based education.
Beijing Primary School proposed that the group-based school should reflect the tenet of "consensus on concept, resource sharing, complementary advantages, and brand building". In the following 10 years, the school's advanced education was widely disseminated in its branch campuses in Xicheng, Fangshan, Daxing, Tongzhou and Fengtai in Beijing. Thoughts, management concepts and school-running experience, sharing of high-quality educational resources, attracted the "return" of many students in the film, and greatly inhibited the continuous increase of "school choice fever".
Li Mingxin told reporters that, taking the Tianning Temple branch of Beijing Primary School as an example, it turns out that most of the children with Beijing household registration around Tianning Temple go to school for choice. The first grade can only recruit 2 to 3 classes, and most of them are migrants with non-Beijing household registration. children of personnel.
After joining the group in 2014, a large number of children with local household registration were returned to school that year, reaching 6 classes.
Now it has reached 14 new first-year classes every year.
At present, the school scale has grown from 450 people before joining the group to more than 2,300 people.
Parents around Tianning Temple no longer rely on relationships to choose schools, but happily send their children to the Tianning Temple branch of Beijing Primary School.
In Shandong, the action of strengthening education and expanding excellent schools is in the ascendant.
"Take high-quality schools as the leader, establish 1,926 education groups and alliances between schools, urban and rural areas, and regions, covering 7,062 schools in the compulsory education stage, and realize party building, management, teaching and research, courses, resources, teachers, evaluation, etc. Through integrated reform, joint construction and sharing, the schools at the door of the common people are getting better and better, and the problem of 'school selection fever' has been greatly alleviated." Feng Jikang, deputy secretary of the Shandong Provincial Party Committee Education Work Committee, deputy secretary of the Party Group and deputy director of the Provincial Department of Education, said.
"Using a balanced approach to achieve education fairness should not stop at the fairness of opportunities, but should pay more attention to the fairness of the process." Li Mingxin said.
In the past ten years, in order to give children a fairer opportunity to enter school, the reform of compulsory education enrollment has been deepened. The policy of exempting admission from nearby students and "citizen recruitment" has been fully implemented. Illegal enrollment behaviors such as “fees” have been fully regulated, the “school choice fever” has been greatly reduced, and the admission opportunities have become more fair; the “two main, two inclusion, and residence permit as the main basis” will be improved. Guarantee the equal right to receive compulsory education. In 2021, the proportion of children of migrant workers who moved to cities during the compulsory education stage will reach 90.9% in public schools and enjoy government-purchased degree services in private schools... The dividend of balanced education development is benefiting more and more parents and students.
(Our reporter Tang Qianer)