China has built the world's largest disease and health risk factor monitoring network (the decade of people's health ②)
Disease prevention and control concerns people's lives and health and public health security.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has taken various measures to improve the disease prevention and control system. At present, it has established the world's largest monitoring network for diseases and health risk factors. Various vaccine-preventable infectious diseases have dropped to the lowest level in history. The mortality rate of AIDS and the incidence of tuberculosis has been significantly In the past decade, the level of China's major disease prevention and control work and the people's sense of health gain have been continuously improved.
There are 3,376 four-level CDCs, and the infectious disease network direct reporting system is running stably
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has continuously improved the disease prevention and control system and system construction.
According to Lei Zhenglong, deputy director of the National Health Commission's Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, China has built the world's largest disease and health risk factor monitoring network horizontally and vertically. The monitoring network for key endemic diseases and drinking water quality covers all parts of the country In towns and villages, the monitoring and intervention systems for common diseases and health hazards of students, which are mainly myopia, are improving day by day.
"Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, especially in response to the new crown pneumonia epidemic, the capacity of my country's disease control institutions at all levels has been greatly improved." Lei Zhenglong said that at present, the country has four levels of disease control at the national, provincial, city and county levels. There are 3,376 centers in total, with 158,000 health technicians. The laboratory testing level has been continuously improved, and the on-site epidemiological investigation capacity and emergency response capacity have been greatly improved.
"In 2004, my country built a national infectious disease network direct reporting system, which was launched in the same year. Now this system has been running safely and stably for 18 years." Feng Zijian, executive vice president and secretary general of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, introduced that this system covers There are 168,000 medical and health institutions of various types across the country, with 350,000 users. The timely reporting rate of notifiable infectious diseases nationwide has reached over 99%, and the average interval between diagnosis and reporting is about 4 hours.
Over the years, the effective operation of the system has reduced under-reporting of infectious diseases and significantly improved the timeliness of infectious disease reporting.
"After the outbreak of the new crown epidemic, we have further strengthened the reporting of new crown cases by medical institutions." Feng Zijian introduced that the online direct reporting system is for the close tracking of confirmed cases of new coronary pneumonia and asymptomatic infections, epidemiological traceability, epidemic research and judgment, and big data. Comparison analysis, health code application, etc. provide strong data support.
Over 4 billion yuan is invested every year to provide free immunization program vaccines
Vaccination is an effective means to prevent and control infectious diseases and protect people's health and safety.
In the current immunization planning system implemented in China, the government provides residents with immunization planning vaccines free of charge.
As the government and the central financial support continue to increase, the concept of "vaccination to protect health" has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and the immunization program has achieved remarkable results and has wide-ranging influence.
Wu Liangyou, deputy director of the National Health Commission's Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, introduced that at present, the central government has invested more than 4 billion yuan a year to provide residents with free immunization planning vaccines. The number of preventable infectious diseases has reached 15, covering children aged 0-6 years old. main.
At present, the vaccination rate of China's national immunization program for school-age children has remained above 90%, and various vaccine-preventable infectious diseases have dropped to the lowest level in history.
In order to build the guarantee of the immunization planning system, in 2019, China promulgated the world's first vaccine management law, formulated and revised a series of documents such as the "Specifications for Vaccination Work", and comprehensively established a management system for vaccines and vaccinations.
According to data from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China has effectively controlled the incidence of infectious diseases through vaccination and the implementation of the national immunization program.
Through oral polio sugar pills, since 1995, the transmission of indigenous polio virus has been blocked, and thousands of children have been prevented from physical disabilities; after the universalization of neonatal hepatitis B vaccination, the prevalence of hepatitis B virus among children under 5 years old It has dropped from 9.7% in 1992 to 0.3% in 2014; the goal of eliminating neonatal tetanus was achieved in 2012; the WHO Western Pacific Region Hepatitis B control target was achieved ahead of schedule in 2014...
The transmission of AIDS through blood transfusion was basically blocked, and the incidence of 27 statutory infectious diseases decreased
The prevention and control of major infectious diseases and endemic diseases is the top priority of public health and health poverty alleviation.
"The national epidemic situation of infectious diseases has generally remained stable with some decline." Lei Zhenglong said that during the ten years from 2012 to 2021, the prevention and control of infectious diseases in China has been very effective, and the reported incidence of 27 types of Class A and B infectious diseases has dropped significantly.
The transmission of AIDS through blood transfusion has been basically blocked, and mother-to-child transmission and injection drug use have dropped to the lowest level in history.
The detection rate of HIV testing has increased significantly, and the coverage and success rate of antiretroviral treatment have reached over 90%.
Among them, the coverage rate of AIDS treatment in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province increased from 41.1% to 94.8%, and the new infection rate decreased from 0.064% to 0.02%.
The reported incidence of tuberculosis has dropped significantly, and the successful treatment rate has remained above 90%.
The reported incidence of tuberculosis decreased from 63.4/100,000 in 2015 to 55.6/100,000 in 2019.
All schistosomiasis endemic counties have reached the standard of transmission control, and the results of schistosomiasis control have attracted worldwide attention.
By the end of 2021, 451 endemic counties (cities, districts) have reached the standard of transmission control or above, an increase of 15.71% compared with 2010.
There have been no advanced schistosomiasis patients due to new infections in the past decade.
After 2017, there has been no local primary malaria infection reported in China, ending the millennia-old history of malaria in China.
In June 2021, the World Health Organization officially announced that China has passed the certification of malaria elimination.
New infections caused by hepatitis B, hepatitis C menstrual blood and iatrogenic infections were effectively controlled.
Hepatitis B vaccine neonatal vaccination rate, hepatitis B screening rate of pregnant women, and injection rate of high-titer hepatitis B immune globulin in newborns born to positive mothers are all over 99%. The 2014 national seroepidemiological survey showed that children under 5 years old had hepatitis B virus on the surface. The antigen positivity rate has dropped to 0.32%.
From 2015 to 2021, premature mortality from major chronic diseases will drop by more than 3 percentage points
Chronic diseases are common diseases and major diseases that affect the health of the Chinese people.
According to the Special Report on the Sixth National Health Service Statistical Survey released by the National Health and Medical Commission, major chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer account for more than 90% of the economic burden of diseases in China.
Since the promulgation and implementation of the "Healthy China 2030" Plan Outline in 2016, "reducing premature mortality from major chronic diseases" has become an important development indicator for the prevention and control of chronic diseases.
"In the past ten years, we have been exploring a chronic disease prevention and control model with Chinese characteristics, and the chronic disease prevention and control work has experienced a development process from point breakthrough to system improvement." Wu Liangyou introduced.
In the past ten years, in terms of promoting the comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases, China has built a total of 488 national-level comprehensive prevention and control demonstration areas for chronic diseases and more than 1,000 provincial-level demonstration areas, and the importance of NCD prevention and control has been continuously increased in various regions;
In terms of risk factor control, 97% of the counties and districts in the country actively participated in the national healthy lifestyle action, and the awareness and ability of the general public to consciously practice a healthy lifestyle have been significantly improved;
In terms of early prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases, relying on major national public health projects, it currently provides early screening and intervention services such as cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases to more than 4 million residents in high-incidence areas each year. Free oral examination, pit and fissure sealing and topical fluoride for school-age children to protect children's oral health;
In terms of disease monitoring and data support, the monitoring system of residents' chronic diseases and risk factors has been continuously improved to realize dynamic monitoring of the prevalence and changing trends of chronic disease incidence, disease, death and risk factors.
Statistics show that the premature mortality of Chinese residents due to four major chronic diseases, namely cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes, will drop from 18.5% in 2015 to 15.3% in 2021, a decrease of more than 3 percentage points, a decrease of more than 3 percentage points. 17.3%, the average annual decline is nearly three times the global average decline.
"We will continue to take reducing the premature mortality of major chronic diseases as the core indicator, and actively promote the integrated development of the prevention, treatment, health and management of chronic diseases." Wu Liangyou said that relevant departments will continue to actively and effectively respond to the support from all walks of life. Challenges posed by chronic diseases.
Wang Meihua