Store grain in the earth, store grain in the technology, hold the Chinese rice bowl

Outlook · Chronicle of State Governance丨Storing grain in the ground and storing grain in technology 　　On December 28, 2017, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the Central Rural Work Conference that the key to ensuring food security is to ensure food production capacity and ensure that it can be produced and supplied when needed. This requires us to keep the red line of arable land, build

Outlook · Chronicle of State Governance丨Storing grain in the ground and storing grain in technology

　　On December 28, 2017, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the Central Rural Work Conference that the key to ensuring food security is to ensure food production capacity and ensure that it can be produced and supplied when needed.

This requires us to keep the red line of arable land, build high-standard farmland, improve farmland water conservancy, raise the level of modern seed industry, agricultural machinery and other technical equipment, delineate and construct food production functional areas, and truly store grain in the ground. , The strategy of storing grain in technology has been implemented

　　The Party Central Committee adheres to the concept of system, and proposes the strategy of storing grain in the ground and technology with an overall vision and strategic thinking.

　　my country's population of more than 1.4 billion consumes 700,000 tons of grain, 98,000 tons of oil, 1.92 million tons of vegetables and 230,000 tons of meat every day.

To meet such a huge consumer demand, the annual sown area of grain, cotton, oil, sugar and vegetables is stable at about 2.3 to 2.4 billion mu. If calculated by the multiple cropping index of 1.3, the cultivated land must be maintained at 1.8 billion mu, which is the bottom line that cannot be lower.

　　At present, more than 95% of the planting area of crops independently selected and bred in my country has been achieved, and "China's grains mainly use Chinese seeds".

Grain yield per unit has been greatly improved in recent years, and variety improvement has played an important role

　　"my country's per capita food possession has reached 483 kilograms. Under the guarantee of this total amount, no matter how the international situation changes, we have the ability to ensure that more than 1.4 billion Chinese people have meals on time every day, and they are not hungry, and their rice bowls can be more stable and stable. Eating better and better.”

　　In recent years, the variety on people's table has become more and more abundant, and the connotation of Chinese rice bowl is also constantly expanding.

We must start from better meeting people's needs for a better life and establish a big food concept

　　By Yu Wenjing, reporter of "Looking" Newsweek

　　The people are the foundation of the country, and the valley is the life of the people.

Since the outbreak of the new crown pneumonia epidemic in the world, the epidemic, extreme weather, regional conflicts and other factors have superimposed, and people have a real experience and a deeper understanding of the phrase "you have food in your hands, don't panic in your heart".

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has regarded food security as a top priority in the governance of the country, and has established a national food security policy of "focusing on me, based on the country, ensuring production capacity, moderately imported, and supported by science and technology". The strategy has embarked on a road of food security with Chinese characteristics, and firmly holds the Chinese rice bowl in its own hands.

　　The Party Central Committee adheres to the concept of system, and proposes the strategy of storing grain in the land and technology with a global perspective and strategic thinking.

Through hard work, my country has raised nearly one-fifth of the world's population with 9% of the world's arable land and 6% of the world's freshwater resources.

　　In recent years, my country's grain output has been stable at more than 1.3 trillion kilograms for seven consecutive years. The total grain supply and inventory are sufficient, and the grain self-sufficiency rate has always remained above 95%.

Against the background of the sharp rise in international food prices, my country's food prices are basically stable, and they have played a role as a ballast in order to promote the stable and healthy development of the economy and society, and calmly cope with the changes in the century and the epidemic of the century.

A high-quality food security guarantee system has been gradually established, and the road to food security with Chinese characteristics has become more stable and broad.

Grain storage in the ground: stabilizing the lifeblood of food production

　　In all things, eating is the biggest.

　　my country's population of more than 1.4 billion consumes 700,000 tons of grain, 98,000 tons of oil, 1.92 million tons of vegetables and 230,000 tons of meat every day.

To meet such a huge consumer demand, the annual sown area of grain, cotton, oil, sugar and vegetables is stable at about 2.3 to 2.4 billion mu. If the multi-cropping index of 1.3 is calculated backwards, the cultivated land must remain at 1.8 billion mu, which is the bottom line that cannot be lower. .

　　Cultivated land is the lifeblood of food production and the foundation of the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.

In recent years, with the development of industrialization and urbanization, cultivated land has faced a series of challenges.

　　All things are born.

If the land does not exist, how will the food be attached?

　　"The red line of 1.8 billion mu of arable land must still be adhered to." "In the extreme, the protection of arable land must be done like the protection of cultural relics, and even like the protection of giant pandas." "The red line of arable land is not only quantitative, but also qualitative. "... As early as the Central Rural Work Conference on December 23, 2013, General Secretary Xi Jinping attached great importance to the issue of cultivated land and put forward clear requirements.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, my country has accelerated the protection and construction of cultivated land, and comprehensively promoted the storage of grain in the land.

　　Strictly observe the red line of cultivated land.

Du Zhentao, Secretary of the Party Branch of Chang'an Village, Haibei Town, Hailun City, Heilongjiang Province has a new title: Tian Chang.

　　In April 2021, the Ministry of Natural Resources issued a notice stating that all localities should promote the establishment of a "field chief system", and implement grid-based supervision of farmland protection based on villages and groups, with county, township, and village linkage and full coverage.

This year, Heilongjiang Province fully implemented the "field chief system", and established a seven-level responsibility division system of "5+2" field chiefs in the province, city, county, township, village, grid, and household to ensure that the quantity of black land is not reduced and the quality is improved.

In Hebei, Hunan and other provinces across the country, the "field chief system" is also accelerating the deployment and implementation.

　　Looking at the whole country, focusing on adhering to the red line, the system has been continuously improved, the policy has been effectively guaranteed, and the supervision has continued to exert force.

In 2017, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Cultivated Land and Improving the Balance of Occupation and Compensation"; in 2018, the State Office issued the revised "Provincial-level Government Cultivated Land Protection Responsibility Target Assessment Measures", and relevant departments further highlighted the protection and strengthening of cultivated land. Government responsibility, the provincial government's arable land protection responsibility ushered in the "big test"; on January 1, 2019, the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution" was officially implemented; on January 1, 2020, the newly revised "Land Management of the People's Republic of China" The Law was officially implemented, and basic farmland was upgraded to permanent basic farmland.

　　At the same time, the National Natural Resources Inspectorate has carried out routine land inspections focusing on arable land protection in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The Ministry of Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Natural Resources, together with relevant departments and units, carried out special clean-up and rectification actions and "look back" on the "greenhouse" problem across the country; the General Office of the State Council issued a notice stating that it is strictly forbidden to illegally occupy cultivated land for greening and afforestation, and it is strictly forbidden to build green passages beyond the standard. It is strictly forbidden to illegally occupy cultivated land to dig lakes and create landscapes, to occupy permanent basic farmland to expand natural reserves, to illegally occupy cultivated land for non-agricultural construction, and to illegally and illegally grant land.

　　Strengthen the construction of arable land.

Farmland is farmland, and it must be fertile land.

In recent years, my country has deeply implemented the strategy of storing grain in land and technology, vigorously promoted the construction of high-standard farmland, developed high-efficiency water-saving irrigation, implemented the black land protection project in Northeast China, continued to improve farmland infrastructure, and steadily increased grain production capacity. A large number of high-quality fertile fields have been built across the country, with high and stable yields, one thousand kilograms in one season and two tons of grain in two seasons.

Among them, 105 million mu of high-standard farmland will be newly built in 2021, 28.25 million mu of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation will be developed simultaneously, more than 100 million mu of black land will be protected and utilized, and 72 million mu of black land will be protected and cultivated in Northeast China.

　　Guo Yongtian, director of the Farmland Construction Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that high-standard farmland is a key measure to consolidate and improve grain production capacity and ensure national food security.

Through the implementation of the project, the related facilities such as farmland irrigation and drainage facilities and mechanized farming roads can be further improved, the utilization efficiency of water and soil resources can be improved, and the disaster prevention and mitigation ability of farmland can be effectively enhanced.

　　According to the survey, the mechanization level of high-standard farmland project areas has increased by 15 to 20 percentage points compared with non-project areas, the land transfer rate of large-scale operations has increased by 30 percentage points, and the proportion of new operating entities has increased by more than 20 percentage points.

Usually, the water saving reaches 20% to 30%, the electricity saving reaches more than 30%, the medicine saving reaches 19%, and the fertilizer saving reaches 13%.

By increasing output and saving costs, it can effectively promote farmers' income.

　　Build a national food security industry belt.

Adjust and optimize the agricultural production structure, regional distribution and product structure, and improve the adaptability of the supply system.

Strengthen the construction of rice, wheat, and corn production functional areas, give priority to supporting the planting of target crops in the functional areas, and implement high-quality food projects in depth; strengthen the construction of production protection areas for important agricultural products such as soybeans and oilseeds.

Taking the opportunity of building a national food security industry belt, we will actively build a modern food industry system that integrates and develops in a coordinated manner, including the food industry chain, value chain, and supply chain.

　　Through the implementation of a series of policy measures and effective measures, my country's cultivated land protection and construction have achieved remarkable results, effectively guaranteeing food production.

In 2021, the national grain sown area will be 1.764 billion mu, an increase of 12.94 million mu or 0.7% over the previous year, achieving steady growth for two consecutive years.

In 2021, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in my country will experience negative growth for five consecutive years. The comprehensive utilization rate of crop straw and the recovery rate of agricultural film are expected to exceed 88% and 80%, respectively. The high-quality development of agriculture and the level of green development continue to improve, making cultivated land healthier and more vibrant. Lay a solid foundation.

Hidden grain in technology: the fundamental solution to the problem of eating right

　　Observing the grain and agricultural conditions in recent years, it can be found that the domestic demand for grain is constantly increasing, the arable land resources are very tight, and the foreign grain market is affected by multiple factors and fluctuates greatly.

How to ensure stable and increased production?

Adhering to the self-reliance and self-improvement of agricultural science and technology and accelerating the research on key agricultural technologies is the only way.

　　A seed can change a world, a technology can create a miracle.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, my country has made comprehensive arrangements in the fields of seed industry, agricultural machinery and agronomy, and the integration and promotion of agricultural technology, and has accelerated the promotion of grain storage in technology.

　　Promote technological innovation in the seed industry.

Seeds are the foundation of agricultural modernization.

In recent years, my country has actively promoted the reform of the seed industry science and technology system, built a seed industry science and technology innovation platform, promoted the transformation of scientific research achievements, and accelerated the selection and breeding of a number of new varieties with high yield, high quality and multiple resistance.

　　The 2020 Central Economic Work Conference emphasized solving the problems of seeds and arable land.

In 2021, the seed industry revitalization action will be fully launched.

It has carried out the largest census of agricultural germplasm resources in the history of New China, strengthened the construction of germplasm resource banks, steadily promoted independent innovation in the seed industry, and continuously strengthened the protection of intellectual property rights in the seed industry.

The 20th meeting of the Central Deepening Reform Commission reviewed and approved the Action Plan for the Revitalization of the Seed Industry, raising the safety of seed sources to a strategic height related to national security.

　　Focusing on ensuring food security and the supply of important agricultural products, realizing the self-reliance and self-improvement of the seed industry in science and technology, and the independent control of seed sources, my country has made comprehensive deployment and accelerated progress.

Seeds one by one, striving to achieve "speeding up".

At present, the planting area of self-selected varieties of crops in my country accounts for more than 95%, and "China's grains mainly use Chinese seeds".

Grain yield per unit has been greatly improved in recent years, and variety improvement has played an important role.

　　Promote technology integration and promotion.

In recent years, my country has organized large-scale research on the grain production increase model, driven the wide application of advanced agricultural technologies, used modern information technology to develop smart agriculture, and strengthened the construction of disaster prevention and mitigation systems.

　　In order to write the thesis on the earth and let science and technology promote the development of modern agriculture, my country is actively building a national modern agricultural industry technology system. By focusing on 50 major agricultural products such as rice, corn, wheat, and soybeans, 50 corresponding systems have been established, bringing together the whole country. More than 2,600 experts from more than 800 science and education and enterprises and institutions have carried out scientific and technological research, forming cross-departmental, cross-regional, cross-unit, and cross-disciplinary superior scientific and technological forces to jointly solve major industrial problems.

Since the establishment of the system, it has formed a synergy with the agricultural technology extension system and the farmers' education and training system, which has played an important role in ensuring "rice bags" and "vegetable baskets".

　　Technology is playing an important role in fighting disasters and ensuring a bumper harvest.

In 2021, the five provinces of Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi and Shanxi will be affected by the rare autumn flood, and 110 million mu of winter wheat will be sown late, accounting for 1/3 of the total area.

　　The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has dispatched more than 100 government officials and 200 technical personnel, including the provincial and rural areas, to carry out the special action of "strengthening seedlings with science and technology", and seize the key agricultural guidance to increase the application of green fertilizer, "one spray and three defenses", etc. The measures have been put in place to effectively promote the improvement of seedling conditions and lay the foundation for this year's summer grain harvest.

Zeng Yande, chief agronomist of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and director of the Development Planning Department, said that over the years, my country has done a good job of scientific disaster prevention and mitigation in terms of varieties and agronomic integration.

　　Technology is tapping into the potential of increasing food production.

Soybean and corn are important feed grains, and also the main varieties of grain imported in my country.

This year, my country has clearly stabilized corn production, and launched the national soybean and oilseed capacity improvement project.

Among them, the soybean and corn ribbon compound planting mode is a major technical measure.

　　Pan Wenbo, director of the Planting Industry Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that soybeans and corn are both dryland crops. In the case of limited arable land resources, the two crops are in conflict with each other.

In order to promote compatible development, we must not only make a fuss about increments, but also find ways to cultivate systems and planting patterns.

In recent years, beneficial explorations have been carried out in various places, and positive results have been achieved.

　　For example, four rows of soybeans are placed between two rows of corn, and the ventilation and light transmission conditions are good.

In 2021, good results have been achieved in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, Gaocheng, Hebei and other places. The national area will reach more than 7 million mu. This model has basically matured.

　　Promote agricultural mechanization.

Agricultural mechanization and agricultural machinery equipment are important foundations for changing the direction of agricultural development and improving rural productivity.

In recent years, as rural laborers move to cities to work, the problem of who will farm the land has become prominent.

　　my country accelerates the promotion of agricultural production trusteeship with agricultural machinery as the carrier, cultivates and expands agricultural machinery socialized service organizations, and effectively brings small farmers into the modern agricultural development track; The loss rate of main grain machines was reduced by 1 percentage point on average; the research and development of short-board machines and tools were carried out, and the matching of farmland agronomic varieties and agricultural machines was further promoted, which further strengthened the support and guarantee of agricultural machines and expanded the application scenarios of agricultural machines; continued to implement the purchase and application of agricultural machines The subsidy policy has vigorously promoted practical and efficient agricultural machinery and equipment, which has significantly improved agricultural production efficiency and reduced agricultural labor costs.

　　In 2021, the total power of agricultural machinery will exceed 1.06 billion kilowatts, the total equipment will be close to 200 million sets, the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation and harvesting will exceed 72%, and the production of three major staple grains, wheat, corn and rice, will basically be mechanized throughout the process.

The independent research and development of important agricultural equipment has been continuously strengthened, the quality and scope of agricultural machinery operation services have been improved, and the high-quality grain project has continued to advance.

The national grain crop yield was 387 kg/mu, an increase of 4.8 kg over the previous year, and the total grain output reached a new high.

Jointly secure the Chinese rice bowl

　　In 2022, affected by multiple factors such as epidemic prevention and control, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and the increase in agricultural prices, the food issue will receive widespread attention.

Looking abroad, if there is trouble in the world, many countries will first cover their "grain bags" and take restrictive measures on the export of agricultural products such as grain. Looking closely at home, experts estimate that my country's food demand will continue to grow for at least the next 30 years. the trend of.

　　Food security is the "bigger of the country", and we cannot be paralyzed on this issue.

The "14th Five-Year Plan for Promoting the Modernization of Agriculture and Rural Areas" issued by the State Council clearly states that the problem of food for the Chinese people should be basically solved based on the domestic market.

Grain production must ensure both quantity, variety, and quality, and respond to uncertainties in the external environment with the certainty of stable domestic production and supply, and firmly adhere to the bottom line of national food security.

　　Ensuring the absolute safety of rations, basic self-sufficiency in grains, and increasing the production capacity and self-sufficiency rate of oilseeds and soybeans are the priorities of the next step. We must give full play to the "two enthusiasms" of local governments and farmers to grow grains.

　　On the one hand, the Party and government should be fully responsible for food security, and the food security responsibility system should be strictly assessed.

On the other hand, improve the guarantee mechanism for farmers' income from growing grain, appropriately increase the minimum purchase price of rice and wheat, stabilize the policy of subsidy for corn and soybean producers and rice subsidy, and realize the complete cost insurance and planting income insurance of the three major grain crops. Covering all large counties; vigorously develop agricultural social services to drive small farmers to improve the comprehensive benefits of growing grains.

　　Store grain in the ground and implement the hard measures of "long teeth".

This year's Central No. 1 document has introduced a series of "long teeth" hard measures in the construction and protection of cultivated land, requiring to maintain quantity, improve quality, manage uses, and tap potential.

　　Guaranteed quantity.

The 1.8 billion mu of arable land must be worthy of its name: setting the line, delineating three control lines in the order of arable land and permanent basic farmland, ecological protection red line, and urban development boundary; positioning, the amount of arable land must be decomposed step by step with the location in full and released. and permanent basic farmland protection goals and tasks; to determine responsibility, the central and local governments sign a responsibility letter for cultivated land protection goals, and implement strict assessment, one-vote veto, and lifelong accountability.

　　Improve quality.

Two-thirds of the existing arable land is low- and medium-yield fields, so we must focus on the construction of high-standard farmland and improve the basic soil fertility of low- and medium-yield fields.

This year, 100 million mu of high-standard farmland will be built, the national black land protection project will continue to be implemented, 100 million mu of black land will be protected and utilized, 80 million mu of black land will be cultivated for conservation, 200 pilot areas for comprehensive management of concentrated contiguous degraded cultivated land will be built, and efforts will be made to strengthen Full supervision of the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation.

At the same time, the third national soil census was carried out.

Continue to promote the construction of high-standard farmland. By 2022, a total of 1 billion mu of high-standard farmland will be built, so as to stably ensure the production capacity of more than 1 trillion kilograms of grain; Farmland, in order to stably ensure the grain production capacity of more than 1.1 trillion catties.

　　Tube use.

Strictly investigate and punish the illegal and illegal occupation of cultivated land for non-agricultural construction; the conversion of cultivated land to other agricultural land shall be strictly controlled; for the use of cultivated land for cultivation, the priority order of utilization shall be strictly implemented - cultivated land is mainly used for grain, cotton, oil, sugar, vegetables and other crops. For the production of forage, the permanent basic farmland is mainly used for grain production, and the high-standard farmland is used for grain production in principle.

　　Tap into potential.

Support the moderate and orderly development of qualified saline-alkali land and other backup resources into cultivated land. For some idle land and abandoned land with development conditions, on the basis of protecting the ecological environment, we can explore the development of facility agriculture, and solve the resources such as cultivated land, light and heat, etc. constraints.

　　Store grain in technology and promote self-reliance and self-improvement in high-level agricultural science and technology.

Deng Xiaogang, deputy minister of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, my country will focus on achieving high-level agricultural science and technology self-reliance, carry out research on core provenance, strengthen the research and development and application of large and medium-sized, intelligent and compound agricultural machinery, and strengthen crops. Meteorological and environmental causes, transmission mechanisms, and pathogenic mechanisms of pests and diseases.

Improve the agricultural technology innovation system and innovate the agricultural technology extension service mode.

Deepen the reform of the agricultural science and technology system, and strengthen the main role of enterprises in innovation.

　　In terms of the revitalization of the seed industry, it will give full play to the institutional advantages, promote the construction of a major national innovation platform in the seed industry, strengthen basic frontier research, strengthen the protection and utilization of germplasm resources and the construction of seed banks, strengthen biological breeding research and development, and orderly promote biological breeding. Industrialization application, and cultivate leading enterprises in the seed industry with international competitiveness.

Improve the variety approval and intellectual property protection system, and promote the high-quality development of the seed industry with the construction of the innovation chain as the starting point.

　　In terms of agricultural machinery and equipment, we will make up for the shortcomings of agricultural machinery and equipment by region, industry, variety and link, and strengthen the support of modern agricultural technology and equipment.

Promote the research and development of advanced agricultural machinery and equipment in the fields of grain crop breeding and cultivation, management, harvesting and storage, build a new type of agricultural machinery research and development mechanism that promotes and matures while researching and developing, accelerate the promotion of varieties, cultivation, and equipment integration and matching, and persevere in reducing the loss of grain machinery.

　　In terms of promoting disaster prevention and mitigation through science and technology, this year, technical opinions will be formulated for different crops, regions and varieties.

The state will also step up its support to guide and support local implementation of key technical measures to combat disasters and increase production.

　　In terms of smart agriculture, promote the deep integration of new-generation information technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain with agricultural production and operation, and build a number of digital gardens, digital irrigation areas, and smart farming, animal husbandry, and fishery farms.

　　In recent years, the variety on people's table has become more and more abundant, and the connotation of Chinese rice bowl is also constantly expanding.

We must start from better meeting the people's needs for a better life and establish a big food concept——

　　On the premise of protecting the ecological environment, expand from arable land resources to the whole country's land resources, suitable for grain, grain, economical, animal husbandry, animal husbandry, fishing, fishing, forest, and forest, so as to meet the market demand. Modern agricultural production structure and regional layout that match the carrying capacity of resources and environment;

　　We need food from forests, rivers, lakes and seas, and facility agriculture. At the same time, we need to expand from traditional crops and livestock and poultry resources to more abundant biological resources, develop biotechnology and bio-industry, and obtain heat and energy from plant, animal and microorganisms. protein;

　　Actively promote the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, develop food resources in an all-round and multi-channel way, develop a variety of food varieties, achieve a balance between the supply and demand of various types of food, and better meet the people's increasingly diversified food consumption needs...

　　People take food as their heaven.

The Chinese people's rice bowl must be firmly held in their own hands at all times, and our rice bowl should mainly contain Chinese grains.

The practice of the past ten years has fully proved that the Chinese have the ability to solve the problem of eating, and are more determined to firmly take the initiative in food security, effectively guarantee the sense of gain, happiness and security of the vast number of farmers and consumers, and contribute to China's economy and society. A solid foundation has been laid for steady and long-term development.

Store grain in the earth, store grain in the technology, hold the Chinese rice bowl

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