Treat Haze
A newly released "transcript" is delightful.
At the end of May, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment released the "2021 China Ecological Environment Status Bulletin", showing that the national ecological environment quality will be significantly improved in 2021, and the average number of days with good air quality in 339 cities at the prefecture level and above will be 87.5%. PM2.5 has achieved "six consecutive drops"...
In 2013, air pollution occurred frequently, and the public "talked about the color change of smog" for a while, and suffered from "pain of breathing"... On September 10 of that year, the State Council issued the "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan", and China officially declared war on smog.
The pollution control and precise prevention and control of each subway system are combined, and regional coordination and tackling actions are carried out at the same time, starting an unprecedented battle for air pollution prevention and control...
2022 is the tenth year that China has declared war on smog.
From "looking forward to the blue sky" to "shooting the blue sky", the results of atmospheric governance have been written into the circle of friends of ordinary people.
However, the foundation for a stable and sound ecological environment in my country is not yet solid, and there is still a gap between the needs of the people for a beautiful ecological environment.
The war haze is still ongoing.
Start the "Breath Defense War"
At 8:00 in the morning, Zou Yi, a citizen of Beijing, came to a fixed point near the Guomao Bridge to take photos with the sky as the background.
Since 2013, he has insisted on photographing the sky at the same location every day to record changes in air quality.
"In the beginning, there were a few days of gray almost every week, and the mood was very heavy." Zou Yi said.
This year, the PM2.5 monitoring system in most cities across the country started trial operation. This kind of fine particulate matter is rich in a large amount of toxic and harmful substances, which has a great impact on human health and the quality of the atmospheric environment.
"Exploding the watch" has become a high-frequency word, "haze days" are often "accompanied" in winter, and N95 masks are becoming more and more scarce... It is urgent to fight the haze!
From reducing pollutant emissions to strictly controlling new high-energy-consuming and high-polluting industries; from vigorously promoting clean production to accelerating the adjustment of energy structure; from strengthening energy conservation and environmental protection index constraints, to implementing a new mechanism for energy conservation and emission reduction that combines incentives and constraints From the most stringent environmental protection laws in history, to the disclosure of pollution information of "long teeth"... With the determination of strong men to break their wrists, they vigorously promoted air pollution control, and started the "battle to defend the breath" and "the war to defend the blue sky".
The heavy industrial structure, the coal-biased energy structure and the road-biased transportation structure are the common causes of air pollution in many places in the north.
All localities focus on the end-to-end management of emergency emission reduction, and on the other hand, focus on the "hard bones" of backward production capacity.
"The company used to limit production for more than 250 days a year." Cheng Hua, director of the Environmental Protection Department of Qiangang Company of Shougang Co., Ltd., said that every heavy pollution day, the steel, cement and other industries in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region were required to implement off-peak production.
Under the painstaking thought, the company started the ultra-low emission transformation of the whole process.
In 2019, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment proposed to implement differentiated management and control of enterprises.
A-level enterprises can be exempted from production suspension and production restrictions during the warning period of heavy pollution weather, so as to force key industries to speed up their upgrading and transformation.
Qiangang Company has become the first A-level enterprise in the national steel industry. The enterprise not only realizes continuous and stable production and operation, but also has more and more obvious comprehensive benefits such as social and environmental benefits.
"We got the bonus of quality improvement and emission reduction one step ahead of others." Cheng Hua said.
In the heating season that just passed, Wang Zhiying, a villager in Zhangtai Village, Renze District, Xingtai City, Hebei Province was particularly at ease: "In the past, every household would emit smoke when burning coal. The 'smoky' way of heating has completely changed."
By the end of 2020, the "2+26" cities and the Fenwei Plain have completed a total of 25 million scattered coal replacements, which is equivalent to a reduction of 50 to 60 million tons of scattered coal.
Remediation efforts have continued to increase, and environmental violations have become more subtle.
In 2017, the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau established the Environmental Food and Drug Brigade Corps, and the "environmental police" has become a new force in combating crimes in the environment and other fields.
The first case of air pollution under the new environmental protection law, the first case of illegal dumping of garbage to pollute the environment... Over the past five years, the "environmental police" has solved more than 790 criminal cases in the environmental field and detained more than 2,000 people.
By this year, Zou Yi had taken more than 3,000 "sky" photos.
"There has been a lot of change in the last two or three years, and the blue sky has increased significantly." Zou Yi said, "If the blue sky represents the beauty, the city is becoming more and more beautiful. When taking pictures, you can breathe and feel more comfortable."
The secret of "temperament" improvement
The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed: We must resolutely fight the tough battle of preventing and defusing major risks, precision poverty alleviation, and pollution prevention and control.
In accordance with the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, all localities and departments have steadily advanced the battle to defend blue sky, clear water and pure land.
Under the guidance of Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization, the modernization of my country's environmental governance system and governance capacity has continued to advance.
This is the secret of "temperament" improvement.
Now, once the diesel trucks in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region are found to have excessive exhaust gas, they must be repaired and inspected within a limited time, otherwise they will be entered into the "blacklist", and it will be "hard to move" in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.
"One place exceeds the standard and many places are restricted", which stems from the simultaneous implementation of the "Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Pollution from Motor Vehicles and Non-Road Mobile Machinery" in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei in 2020. This is also the first time that Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei have coordinated legislation on the prevention and control of air pollution.
In the past ten years, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress has revised the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution twice, carried out law enforcement inspections in the field of ecological environment every year, and held special meetings to listen to and deliberate reports on law enforcement inspections of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law, improve the legal system, and strengthen the implementation of the law. Supervision and help to further advance the tough battle of air pollution prevention and control.
Mu Songlin, deputy director of the Institute of Urban Issues of the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, believes that after nearly ten years of hard work, significant progress has been made in environmental protection legal system construction, institutional reform, and the normalization of inspections.
At the same time, my country has established a joint prevention and control mechanism in key regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, and actively explored information sharing, early warning and forecasting, and emergency linkage, which has become an important institutional guarantee for air pollution control.
In addition to the thunderous "combination punch", there is also a scientific and precise "embroidery needle".
"The power consumption data of the enterprise shows normal production, and the power consumption data of the supporting environmental protection facilities are 0 from 0 to 6. It can be determined that the environmental protection facilities have not been turned on simultaneously." During the online inspection of the Information Center of the Hebei Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, a wooden house in Gaocheng District, Shijiazhuang City Industrial companies were “captured” by the system for stealing platoons.
With the development of modern perception and big data technology, environmental monitoring has no longer relied on "earth methods" such as seeing, smelling, hearing, and touching, and the new "smart + environmental protection" supervision model has been widely used.
"After years of development, Beijing has not only achieved real-time monitoring of PM2.5 concentration, but also carried out real-time monitoring of components and source analysis, providing a scientific basis for daily emission reduction and joint prevention and control of regional heavy pollution." Beijing Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Jing Kuan, director of the automatic monitoring room, said.
"At present, my country has initially formed an integrated monitoring system of space, earth and air." He Kebin, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a professor at the School of Environment of Tsinghua University, believes that for the scientific quantitative and accurate identification of ground pollution sources, it is necessary to correlate the sky and earth information and make scientific predictions through digital simulation. Important scientific support for air pollution control in China.
There is still a long way to go to control smog
Beijing’s PM2.5 concentration was 33 μg/m3, and the air quality reached the national secondary standard for the first time; Tianjin’s PM2.5 concentration was 36.9 μg/m3, down 62.3% from 2013; Shanxi’s average annual PM2.5 concentration was 39 μg/m3 rice, dropped to "30+" for the first time...
The "2021 China Ecological Environment Status Bulletin" shows that the air quality in key areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta region, and the Fenwei Plain has improved significantly.
However, the "haze controlers" never had the idea of relieving, and always remained cautiously optimistic.
"The overall urban ambient air quality has not yet gotten rid of the 'meteorological influence type', and the average concentration of PM2.5 in 29.8% of the cities exceeds the standard. The foundation for my country's ecological environment to stabilize and improve is not yet solid." Deputy Director of the Ecological Environment Monitoring Department of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment Director Jiang Huohua made no secret of it.
He Kebin said that at present, the emission intensity and total emission of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds per square kilometer in my country are still relatively high, and the industrial structure, energy structure, and transportation structure still need to be further optimized.
"These are 'hard bones' to chew on."
The "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Deepening the Battle of Pollution Prevention and Control" issued in November 2021 pointed out that by 2025, the ecological environment will continue to improve, the total emission of major pollutants will continue to decline, and the carbon dioxide emission per unit of GDP will be higher than that in 2020. Reduce by 18%, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration in prefecture-level and above cities will drop by 10%; by 2035, green production and lifestyle will be widely formed, carbon emissions will stabilize and decline after peaking, the ecological environment will fundamentally improve, and the construction of a beautiful China The goal is basically achieved.
In the face of difficult "hard bones" and clear "new goals", various places have come up with "practical tricks" and "hard tricks".
——Beijing will revise relevant standards for the content of volatile organic compounds and air pollutant emissions in key industries, implement a positive list system for supervision and law enforcement, improve the efficiency of supervision and law enforcement, and continue to deepen the "one microgram" action.
——Hebei Province has carried out special actions in seven key areas including industrial enterprise pollution, diesel truck pollution, and non-point source pollution of fugitive dust, strengthened the coordinated prevention and control of PM2.5 and ozone, and adhered to the coordinated management of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds.
——Chongqing will adhere to the combination of long-term management and short-term tackling, vigorously develop new energy vehicles and charging piles, complete the in-depth emission control of small, medium and micro enterprises, promote prefabricated buildings, and curb the rising trend of ozone pollution.
...
"It is necessary to thoroughly implement the new development concept, promote industrial, energy, and transportation structural adjustment, continue to carry out clean heating, pollution control and emission reduction, and fundamentally reduce air pollutant emissions." said Liu Bingjiang, director of the Department of Atmospheric Environment Management of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, " I insist that Qingshan will not relax, continue to exert strength and work for a long time, so that the blue sky will always be there.”
(Reporters Li Dexin, Gong Zhihong, Tian Chenxu, Ni Yuanjin)
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, June 6th.