Guaranteeing the "blue granary", marine pastures play a big role
Asia's largest deep-sea intelligent cage "Jinghai No. 001" was successfully launched and netted to collect fish, and the fully submersible deep-sea aquaculture equipment box "Deep-Blue No. 1" realized large-scale fish collection of "salmon" for the first time... The Ministry of Natural Resources Marine Strategic Planning and The "2021 China Marine Economic Statistical Bulletin" released by the Economic Department shows that China's seafood supply capacity has been continuously enhanced in the past year, deep-sea aquaculture has been further promoted, and the construction of marine ranches has played an important role in safeguarding the "blue granary" of the ocean.
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs recently issued the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Implementation of Agricultural Production Development and Other Projects in 2022", proposing to build national-level marine ranches, focusing on the development of conservation-oriented marine ranches based on the preservation and appreciation of ecological capital, and promoting the conservation of marine fishery resources. .
What are the characteristics of Ocean Ranch?
What impact will it have on China's marine economic development?
What is Ocean Ranch like?
——In specific sea areas, through measures such as artificial reefs, proliferation and release, ecological breeding, etc., to increase and conserve fishery resources, improve the ecological environment of sea areas, and realize sustainable utilization of fishery resources
In the waters off Xuejia Island, West Coast New District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, rows of cages are densely covered on the sea surface, and you can't see the head at a glance. The cages are bred with high-quality fish species such as perch, Jiaji, black head, and rhubarb.
This is the Luhaifeng National Marine Ranch Demonstration Zone.
While arranging breeding work for the workers and answering calls from customers to book fishing boats, Fan Pengbo, the fishery director of Lu Haifeng Group, was very busy.
"There are 280 cages on the sea, and only 20 workers are responsible for the annual farming of 28 million catties of finished fish." Fan Pengbo said, pointing to the cages on the sea.
The eyes turned to the Dongyu Ocean Ranch platform in the waters of Jinshan Bay, High-tech Zone, Yantai City, Shandong Province. With the roar of the motor, the crew loaded the caught sea cucumbers, and the fresh seafood such as conch, crab and scallop came ashore together. Filled with harvest joy.
"Dongyu has an annual output of more than 500,000 catties of fresh ginseng and more than 2 million catties of shellfish, and the output is increasing every year. From seedling to maturity, sea cucumbers have to grow on the seabed for four or five years. Busy fishing season." Li Xiaoping, general manager of Yantai Dongyu Hai Treasures Co., Ltd., introduced that through artificial reef building, the "undersea pasture" built by Dongyu Company is releasing greater value.
In recent years, the concept of "Ocean Ranch" has gradually become known.
Yang Hongsheng, a researcher of the Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, introduced that marine ranches are in specific sea areas, through measures such as proliferation and release, ecological breeding, etc., to build or restore the places needed for marine organisms to reproduce, grow, feed or avoid enemies, increase and conserve fishery resources, improve The ecological environment of the sea area and realize the mode of sustainable utilization of fishery resources.
Smart cages and multifunctional offshore platforms are both forms of marine ranching.
"The construction of marine ranches is not the same as simply putting artificial reefs and multiplying and releasing activities, but on the basis of fishery environmental protection and resource conservation, it is committed to improving national nutrition and dietary structure by providing high-quality, safe and healthy aquatic products. "Yang Hongsheng said.
China has drawn up a roadmap for building marine ranches.
In 2017, the "National Marine Ranch Demonstration Zone Construction Plan (2017-2025)" was released, proposing to create 200 national marine ranch demonstration zones by 2025.
The "14th Five-Year Plan" outline clarifies the goal of "optimizing the layout of offshore green aquaculture, building marine pastures, and developing sustainable ocean fisheries".
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs recently issued the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Implementation of Agricultural Production Development and Other Projects in 2022", proposing to build national-level marine ranches, focusing on the development of conservation-oriented marine ranches based on the preservation and appreciation of ecological capital, and promoting the conservation of marine fishery resources. .
China's first national standard for marine ranch construction, "Technical Guidelines for Marine Ranch Construction", was officially implemented on June 1.
Up to now, there are 153 national-level marine ranching demonstration areas, covering the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea.
What are the benefits of Ocean Ranch?
——Driving the income of fishermen, promoting the development of related industries, and continuously promoting the optimization of the ecological environment, the construction of marine pastures has brought real benefits
"Growing the sea, animal husbandry and fishing", the ocean ranch has brought real money and silver.
In Daqindao Township, Changdao, Shandong, local fishermen are full of praise for the "Long Whale No. 1" not far from the island: "I originally thought that this steel 'big guy' would delay us from farming and making money, but in fact, not only does it not 'grab business' , and brought us a lot of benefits.”
"Traditional mode of farming, farmers from juvenile fry to adult fish breeding cycle is generally about 3 years, the probability of disease in the middle is high, and the market sales status after cultivation is uncertain, and the breeding income cannot be guaranteed." The person in charge of "Chang Whale No. 1" Chen Degang said that after the completion of the marine ranch cages and platforms, the company signed a supply contract with small and medium-sized farmers around the fry. continue to grow in the box.
This kind of "relay farming" can be described as a "win-win" for farmers and marine ranches.
Li Chuanqiang, director of the Ocean Development and Fisheries Bureau of Yantai City, Shandong Province, told reporters that Ocean Ranch is committed to win-win cooperation with fishermen and to be a leader and promoter of the fishery industry.
"Most of the ocean farms focus on farming in the distant sea, which is difficult to breed and requires technical support, and forms cooperation with retail fishermen." Li Chuanqiang said.
Through the "big fishing with small fishing" model, strong local marine ranching enterprises in Yantai led the formation of professional fishermen's cooperatives, effectively integrated 160,000 mu of sea area, and realized the largest transfer of sea area use rights in the province.
Up to now, the number of local fishermen's cooperatives has reached 300, and the radiation has driven more than 20,000 fishermen to increase production and income.
In addition, the construction of marine pastures has promoted the transformation of traditional fisheries to recreational fisheries, experience fisheries, and cultural fisheries, and has driven the development of related industries.
"Now doing recreational fishing, work safety is still regular. I can earn more than 100,000 yuan a year, and my income has doubled." In Tangshan, Hebei, Yang Xingwu, as the first group of fishermen to convert to recreational fishing, is very satisfied with his current life.
Relevant surveys show that the annual direct economic benefit of marine ranching is about 7,000 yuan/mu, and each fishing boat increases economic benefits by 50,000-80,000 yuan per year, and effectively drives other related industries such as catering, tourism, transportation, retail, Development of crafts industry and business investment.
While achieving high-efficiency farming, marine ranches have a positive effect on the conservation of biological resources and the improvement of the ecological environment.
Since the construction and development of marine pastures in Wudi County, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, the proportion of excellent water bodies in the coastal waters of Wudi County has reached 88.9%, and the number of bird species in the Shell Embankment Island and Wetland National Nature Reserve has increased from 45 at the time of establishment to 230 kind.
"The development of marine pastures is inseparable from a good marine ecology, and ecologically-farmed marine pastures are also conducive to the protection of marine ecology. The two complement each other." Zheng Zhenliang, secretary of the Wudi County Party Committee, felt deeply.
Make Ocean Ranch "smarter"
——Ecological farming, intelligent management, and marine ranching driven by digitalization and systemization have gradually become the main body
Vigorously promoting the construction of marine ranches is an important part of promoting the high-quality development of the marine economy.
According to the 2021 China Marine Economic Statistical Bulletin, China's marine economy will reach a new level in 2021, breaking through 9 trillion yuan for the first time, reaching 9,038.5 billion yuan, an increase of 8.3% over the previous year.
Among them, the construction of marine ranches continued to make new progress.
According to Yang Hongsheng, marine ranching driven by digitalization and systemization is gradually becoming the mainstream.
"The characteristics of marine ranches at this stage are to promote the ecological, precise and intelligent development of the core technology system." Yang Hongsheng said, "For example, the development of mechanized seedling seeding, automatic monitoring, precise measurement and intelligent harvesting equipment for ecological ranches; Ecological ranch resources and environment information monitoring platform; research and development of disaster early warning and forecasting and expert decision-making system, improve the intelligent level of ecological ranch operation and management, etc.
On May 20, the world's first 100,000-ton intelligent fishery large-scale aquaculture vessel "Guoxin No. 1" built by Qingdao Beihai Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. under China Shipbuilding Corporation for Qingdao Guoxin Development (Group) Co., Ltd. was officially delivered.
According to the relevant person in charge of China Shipbuilding Corporation, the 100,000-ton large-scale aquaculture vessel is an important equipment for deep-sea aquaculture in China. Ocean Ranch".
"The delivery of 'Guoxin No. 1' marks the advanced development of China's deep-sea large-scale aquaculture vessel industry from '0' to '1'," said the person in charge.
Achieving the effective integration of new energy and marine ranching is another direction for the construction of marine ranching.
On May 27, China's first deep-sea floating wind power equipment "Shuyao", which was led and developed by China Haizhuang, a subsidiary of China State Shipbuilding Corporation, officially set sail.
Wang Manchang, Secretary of the Party Committee and Chairman of Haizhuang Wind Power Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of China State Shipbuilding Corporation, told reporters that this is China's first floating wind power equipment that is truly used in far-reaching seas. It is a great "weapon" in the field of deep-sea energy development.
"my country's offshore wind power has moved from the offshore to the deep sea, and it is imperative to develop offshore wind power technology in the deep sea." Wang Manchang said, "The combination of offshore wind power and the development of marine ranching for the development of deep sea aquaculture is the current way to make full use of the sea area and improve economic value. The 3.0 stage of the construction of the all-for-one ecological ranch is starting, which will be characterized by digitization and systemization.”